# Biology & Genetics **Type:** Topic **Words:** 73 ## About Living organisms, cellular processes, evolution, heredity, and genetic variation. ## Words by Level ### A2 - system — A set of connected parts that work together as a whole.; frequency rank 752 - host — A person who invites and looks after guests.; frequency rank 3439 - population — The number of people living in a place.; frequency rank 3620 - clone — A copy of something made to look or work just like the original.; frequency rank 9531 ### B1 - cell — The smallest basic unit that makes up all living things.; frequency rank 945 - virus — A tiny living agent that causes disease by spreading inside the cells of a living host.; frequency rank 3063 - gene — A part of a cell that carries information passed from parents to children and controls traits like eye colour.; frequency rank 3538 - tissue — A piece of soft, thin paper used for wiping your nose or face.; frequency rank 4558 - organ — A part of the body that has a particular function, such as the heart or lungs.; frequency rank 5090 - genetic — Relating to genes or to the genes you inherit from your parents.; frequency rank 5133 - selection — a range of things to choose from; frequency rank 7215 - biology — The science that studies living things such as plants and animals.; frequency rank 7792 - extinction — The situation in which a species or group no longer exists.; frequency rank 11044 - habitat — The natural place where a plant or animal lives.; frequency rank 12288 - organism — A single living thing, such as an animal, plant, or microbe.; frequency rank 12454 - genetics — The branch of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from parents to children.; frequency rank 15499 - nucleus — The central part of an atom, made of protons and neutrons.; frequency rank 16440 - biologist — a scientist who studies living organisms and the processes of life; frequency rank 17773 - ecosystem — All the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and their environment.; frequency rank 19138 - ecological — Relating to the relationships between living things and their environment.; frequency rank 23953 - ecology — The study of the relationships between living things and their environment.; frequency rank 28349 ### B2 - DNA — The substance in living cells that carries genetic information and passes on characteristics.; frequency rank 1927 - species — A group of living things that are similar and can breed with one another.; frequency rank 2771 - evolution — The gradual process by which something changes and develops over time.; frequency rank 5967 - biological — Connected with biology or with living things.; frequency rank 6134 - bacteria — Tiny living things, too small to see, that exist almost everywhere and can cause disease or help digestion.; frequency rank 7616 - immune — Protected against a disease, so you cannot catch it.; frequency rank 7704 - protein — A nutrient found in foods such as meat, eggs, and beans that the body needs to grow and stay healthy.; frequency rank 7714 - inherit — To receive money, property, or a title from someone after they die.; frequency rank 8676 - cellular — characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization); frequency rank 13298 - membrane — a thin pliable sheet of material; frequency rank 21283 - enzyme — a protein or RNA molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction without being consumed by it; frequency rank 21762 - respiration — The process of breathing in and out.; frequency rank 22530 - classification — The act of arranging things into groups based on shared qualities.; frequency rank 26288 - botany — The scientific study of plants.; frequency rank 26711 - microbe — A tiny living thing too small to see without a microscope, such as a bacterium that can cause disease.; frequency rank 36986 - biotechnology — The use of living things, such as cells or bacteria, to make medicines, foods, and other useful products.; frequency rank 49318 - photosynthesis — the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use light energy to make energy-rich chemical compounds ### C1 - sperm — a male reproductive cell that can fertilize an egg cell; frequency rank 5684 - inheritance — Money or property received from someone who has died.; frequency rank 7260 - fossil — the preserved remains or shape of a plant or animal that lived long ago; frequency rank 10411 - parasite — An animal or plant that lives on or inside another and feeds off it.; frequency rank 11193 - dominant — Most powerful, important, or noticeable.; frequency rank 11581 - fungus — Any member of the kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic organism typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.; frequency rank 12606 - hereditary — Of a title, honor or right: legally granted to somebody's descendant after that person's death.; frequency rank 16656 - reproduction — The biological process by which living things produce offspring.; frequency rank 18152 - adaptation — The process of changing to fit a new situation or environment.; frequency rank 18293 - embryo — a plant, animal, or human in the earliest stages of development; frequency rank 18971 - metabolism — the set of chemical processes by which a living organism converts substances into energy and materials needed for life, growth, and repair; frequency rank 19092 - genome — The complete set of genetic information in an organism.; frequency rank 19233 - chromosome — a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; frequency rank 26907 - heredity — Hereditary transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants.; frequency rank 42898 - recessive — Describing a gene whose effect only appears when both inherited copies carry it; the opposite of dominant.; frequency rank 58296 - invertebrate — an animal without a backbone, such as an insect, mollusk, or worm; frequency rank 85933 - genotype — the genetic constitution of an organism, especially the combination of gene variants it has for a particular characteristic ### C2 - mammal — any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; frequency rank 17356 - parasitic — Relating to or caused by parasites, which live on or in another organism.; frequency rank 32967 - fertilization — the union of male and female gametes to begin the development of a new organism; frequency rank 41312 - zoology — The branch of biology that studies animals.; frequency rank 41324 - symbiosis — The occurrence of two different or opposing things in the same time and place.; frequency rank 42748 - embryonic — in an early stage of development; frequency rank 43374 - paleontology — the scientific study of prehistoric life through fossils and other remains preserved in rocks; frequency rank 52491 - vertebrate — having a backbone or spinal column; frequency rank 59454 - mitosis — cell-nuclear division in which duplicated chromosomes separate into two genetically equivalent nuclei; frequency rank 66597 - meiosis — cell division in which one diploid cell undergoes two divisions to produce four haploid cells; frequency rank 151125 ### C2+ - genus — a taxonomic rank grouping related species above the species level - anatomy — the bodily structure of an organism, or its study - mutation — a change in form or structure, especially a heritable change in genetic material - ovum — a mature female reproductive cell; an egg cell - amphibian — a cold-blooded vertebrate, like a frog, that lives both in water and on land - immunity — protection from disease, obligation, or legal liability - physiology — the branch of biology dealing with the functions of living organisms and their parts - reptile — a cold-blooded scaly vertebrate such as a snake, lizard, or crocodile