# Economics & Markets **Type:** Topic **Words:** 85 ## About Economic systems, market behavior, production, trade, and national economic policy. ## Words by Level ### A1 - price — The amount of money you must pay to buy something.; frequency rank 1166 ### A2 - cost — The amount of money needed to buy or do something.; frequency rank 1284 - interest — a feeling of wanting to know about or take part in something.; frequency rank 1290 - opportunity — A chance to do something, especially something useful or good.; frequency rank 1372 - market — A place where people buy and sell goods, often outdoors with stalls.; frequency rank 1487 - trade — The activity of buying and selling goods and services.; frequency rank 1819 - competition — An organized event where people try to win by being the best.; frequency rank 1935 - exchange — To give something and receive something else in return.; frequency rank 2354 - capital — The most important city of a country or region, usually where the government is.; frequency rank 2736 - production — The process of making or growing something, usually in large amounts.; frequency rank 2759 - wealth — A large amount of money and valuable possessions.; frequency rank 3830 - labor — Hard work, especially physical work done for pay.; frequency rank 4037 - budget — A plan of how much money you have and how you will spend it; frequency rank 4066 ### B1 - loss — The fact of no longer having something you once had.; frequency rank 1879 - boom — To grow or develop very quickly and successfully.; frequency rank 2265 - debt — Money that you owe to someone else.; frequency rank 2576 - supply — To provide something that someone needs or wants.; frequency rank 2824 - demand — A strong and firm request for something.; frequency rank 2835 - bust — To break something, or to break open suddenly and forcefully.; frequency rank 2960 - producer — A person or company that makes goods or grows food to be sold.; frequency rank 3527 - profit — The money you gain after subtracting your costs, especially in business.; frequency rank 3842 - economy — The system by which a country produces, sells, and uses goods, services, and money.; frequency rank 4554 - recovery — A return to good health after illness or injury.; frequency rank 4917 - income — The money a person or organization earns or receives, usually regularly.; frequency rank 5217 - bubble — A thin ball of liquid filled with air or gas; frequency rank 5255 - depression — A mental illness that makes someone feel very sad and hopeless for a long time.; frequency rank 5369 - growth — An increase in size, number, value, or strength.; frequency rank 5437 - economic — Relating to trade, industry, and the management of money in a country or region.; frequency rank 5449 - poverty — The state of being very poor and having little money.; frequency rank 5755 - employment — Paid work, or the state of having a job; frequency rank 7454 - competitive — Involving people or companies trying to be more successful than one another.; frequency rank 7701 - currency — The system of money used in a particular country.; frequency rank 8261 - distribution — The way something is spread out or arranged over an area or group.; frequency rank 8315 - unemployment — The state of not having a job.; frequency rank 10195 - efficiency — The quality of doing something well without wasting time, effort, or money.; frequency rank 10945 - economics — The study of how money, goods, and services are produced, shared, and used.; frequency rank 11251 - shortage — A situation in which there is not enough of something.; frequency rank 11255 - consumption — The act of eating, drinking, or using something.; frequency rank 11501 - consumer — A person who buys and uses goods or services.; frequency rank 12163 - import — To bring goods or products in from another country, usually to sell them.; frequency rank 12513 - regulation — An official rule made by a government or organization.; frequency rank 12559 - resource — A supply of money, materials, people, or other things that can be used when needed.; frequency rank 13094 - export — To sell and send goods to another country.; frequency rank 13955 - monetary — relating to money, or measured and paid in money; frequency rank 19938 - taxation — the system or act of charging taxes; frequency rank 30402 - tariff — a tax imposed by a government on goods imported from or exported to another country; frequency rank 43678 ### B2 - saving — Money you keep instead of spending, set aside for the future (usually plural: savings).; frequency rank 2045 - investment — Money put into a business or shares with the hope of making a profit.; frequency rank 4341 - enterprise — A company or business.; frequency rank 5317 - wage — The money a worker is paid for their work, usually by the hour or week.; frequency rank 8216 - revenue — The money a business or organization earns from its activities.; frequency rank 10520 - margin — The empty space around the edge of a page.; frequency rank 12055 - import — A product or good brought in from another country.; frequency rank 12513 - output — The amount of something produced by a person, machine, or factory.; frequency rank 12543 - export — A product that is sold and sent to another country.; frequency rank 13955 - inflation — A general rise in prices over time, which makes money worth less.; frequency rank 14261 - socialism — Any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.; frequency rank 14594 - incentive — Something that encourages you to do something, often a reward or payment.; frequency rank 14896 - recession — A period when a country's economy is weak and business activity falls.; frequency rank 15397 - fiscal — Relating to government money, taxes, and public spending.; frequency rank 20809 - economist — An expert in economics who studies how money, trade, and industry work.; frequency rank 26622 - globalization — The process by which businesses, ideas, and cultures spread and connect across the whole world.; frequency rank 34532 ### C1 - speculation — An opinion or guess formed without firm evidence.; frequency rank 9805 - capitalism — An economic system in which businesses and property are privately owned and run for profit.; frequency rank 12405 - monopoly — Complete control of a market by a single company, with no competition.; frequency rank 12790 - utility — A basic public service such as electricity, gas, or water supplied to homes and businesses.; frequency rank 14858 - surplus — An amount that is more than what is needed or used.; frequency rank 16389 - deficit — The amount by which spending is greater than the money coming in.; frequency rank 18195 - productivity — The rate at which workers produce goods or services; how efficiently work is done.; frequency rank 21680 - inequality — An unfair difference between groups of people, especially in wealth or opportunity.; frequency rank 28883 - expenditure — The amount of money that is spent.; frequency rank 29411 - scarcity — a small and inadequate amount; frequency rank 35263 - allocation — The process of giving out money, time, or resources for a particular purpose.; frequency rank 40125 - privatization — The transfer of a company or service from government to private ownership.; frequency rank 43166 - stagnate — to stop flowing or circulating and become still or stale; frequency rank 73385 - macroeconomics — the study of an economy as a whole, including overall output, employment, and inflation ### C2 - cartel — an association of independent businesses or producers that coordinate prices, output, or markets in order to limit competition; frequency rank 8535 - commodity — A raw material or basic product that is bought and sold in large amounts, such as oil or grain.; frequency rank 15862 - equilibrium — A state of balance in which opposing forces or influences cancel each other out.; frequency rank 23040 - subsidy — Money given by a government or organization to help support a business or activity.; frequency rank 34500 - elasticity — The ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or squeezed.; frequency rank 42510 - nationalization — the transfer of a privately owned industry, service, or asset into ownership or control by a national government; frequency rank 69028 - oligopoly — a market dominated by a small number of sellers ### C2+ - deflation — a fall in the general price level; the act of letting out air - liquidity — the availability of cash or easily convertible assets