# Environment & Ecology

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 60

## About

Conservation, pollution, resources, habitats, and ecological systems.

## Words by Level

### A1
- garbage — Things you throw away because they are no longer wanted; waste.; frequency rank 2664

### A2
- natural — Existing in nature and not made or caused by people.; frequency rank 1474
- environment — The natural world of land, air, water, plants, and animals.; frequency rank 3240
- pollution — The harmful contamination of the air, water, or land with dirty or dangerous substances.; frequency rank 11480
- recycle — To process used materials so they can be made into something new.; frequency rank 18872

### B1
- waste — To use time, money, or resources badly so that they are lost or have no useful result.; frequency rank 1234
- refuse — To say firmly that you will not do something.; frequency rank 2290
- bin — A container for rubbish or waste.; frequency rank 4706
- climate — The usual weather conditions of an area over a long period of time.; frequency rank 5554
- organic — Grown or produced without artificial chemicals, fertilizers, or pesticides.; frequency rank 6250
- wildlife — Wild animals and plants living in their natural surroundings.; frequency rank 9614
- habitat — The natural place where a plant or animal lives.; frequency rank 12288
- resource — A supply of money, materials, people, or other things that can be used when needed.; frequency rank 13094
- recycling — The process of treating used materials so they can be used again.; frequency rank 13403
- conservation — The protection of the environment and natural resources.; frequency rank 17003
- ecosystem — All the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and their environment.; frequency rank 19138
- erosion — the gradual wearing away of soil, rock, or another surface by water, wind, ice, or chemical action; frequency rank 23450
- ecological — Relating to the relationships between living things and their environment.; frequency rank 23953
- ecology — The study of the relationships between living things and their environment.; frequency rank 28349
- environmentalist — A person who works to protect the natural environment from harm and pollution.; frequency rank 39369

### B2
- carbon — A chemical element (symbol C) found in all living things, and in forms such as graphite and diamond.; frequency rank 5799
- footprint — a mark or impression left by a foot or shoe; frequency rank 14400
- sewage — wastewater and solid waste carried away from homes and other buildings through sewers; frequency rank 16416
- emission — A gas or substance released into the air, especially a polluting one.; frequency rank 30602
- environmentally — In a way that affects or relates to the natural environment.; frequency rank 32561
- naturalized — introduced from another region and persisting without cultivation; frequency rank 55985
- ecologist — A scientist who studies the relationships between living things and their environment.; frequency rank 59504
- antipollution — Intended to reduce or prevent pollution.; frequency rank 1276549
- carbon dioxide
- carbon footprint
- carbon monoxide

### C1
- conserve — To use something carefully so that it is not wasted or used up.; frequency rank 19383
- sustainable — Able to continue for a long time without harming the environment or using up resources.; frequency rank 19738
- amphibious — able to live, move, or operate both on land and in water; frequency rank 33397
- infest — of pests or parasites, to occupy a place or host in harmful or troublesome numbers; frequency rank 61579

### C2
- wildfire — a large, uncontrolled fire that spreads rapidly through vegetation or wild land; frequency rank 22646
- leach — to remove soluble substances from a material by passing liquid through it; frequency rank 27290
- mangrove — a tropical or subtropical tree or shrub adapted to grow in salty or brackish coastal water, often with exposed supporting roots; frequency rank 40799
- pelagic — living, occurring, or carried in the open sea away from the coast or seabed; frequency rank 128196
- algal — relating to, consisting of, or resembling algae; frequency rank 129802
- alga — one of a diverse group of chiefly aquatic photosynthetic organisms, ranging from microscopic single cells to large seaweeds and lacking the organs of land plants; frequency rank 131019
- ecotourism — Responsible travel to natural areas that protects the environment and supports local people.; frequency rank 135387
- intertidal — relating to the part of a shore covered at high tide and exposed at low tide; frequency rank 199951
- denude — formal: to strip land or another surface of its natural covering; frequency rank 278411
- carbonize — To turn something into carbon by heating it, leaving it scorched or blackened.; frequency rank 299450
- usnea — any branching gray-green or yellowish lichen of the genus Usnea, often hanging from trees; frequency rank 772101

### C2+
- contamination — the act or state of making something impure or polluted
- taint — to contaminate or corrupt; a trace of contamination
- conservationist — a person who advocates protection of the environment and wildlife
- ecologic — relating to ecology or the relationship of organisms to their environment
- environmentalism — concern for and advocacy of the protection of the natural environment
- hothouse — a heated greenhouse for growing delicate plants; a forcing environment
- matrix — an environment in which something develops; a rectangular array of numbers
- acclimatize — to become accustomed to a new climate or environment
- adaptedness — the state of being well suited to an environment or purpose
- autotype — a photographic carbon printing process, or a facsimile so produced
- charcoal — a black porous form of carbon made by heating wood without air
- chokedamp — suffocating carbon-dioxide-laden air in a mine
- co-adaptation — mutual or coordinated adaptation between species, organs, traits, or genes
- nullipore — historical biology: a lime-secreting coralline alga, formerly classified among animals or treated as a distinct group of simple sea plants