# Materials & Substances

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 546

## About

Metals, liquids, chemicals, fabrics, and what things are made of.

## Words by Level

### A1
- water — The clear liquid that falls as rain and that people and animals need to live.; frequency rank 370
- paper — A thin, flat material used for writing, drawing, or printing on.; frequency rank 870
- key — A small metal object that you use to lock or unlock a door, start a car, etc.; frequency rank 871
- ice — Water that has frozen into a hard, cold solid.; frequency rank 939
- glass — A hard, transparent material used for windows and bottles.; frequency rank 1045
- bottle — A container, usually made of glass or plastic with a narrow neck, used for holding liquids.; frequency rank 1316
- pool — A small amount of liquid lying on a surface.; frequency rank 1700
- paint — A coloured liquid that is spread onto a surface and dries to protect it or add colour.; frequency rank 1783
- sugar — A sweet white or brown substance used to flavour food and drink.; frequency rank 1788
- juice — The liquid that comes from fruit or vegetables, often drunk as a cold drink.; frequency rank 2409
- ruler — A flat, straight strip of wood, plastic, or metal marked with units, used for measuring or drawing straight lines.; frequency rank 7774
- kite — A light frame covered with paper or fabric, flown in the wind on a long string.; frequency rank 9030
- break apart — to separate into smaller pieces or distinct parts
- wear off — to become reduced or removed through rubbing or use

### A2
- drop — A very small amount of liquid that forms a rounded shape.; frequency rank 678
- land — The solid, dry part of the earth's surface.; frequency rank 690
- rock — The hard solid material that forms part of the Earth's surface; a large stone.; frequency rank 807
- ring — A circular band of metal or other material worn on the finger.; frequency rank 820
- ground — The solid surface of the Earth that you walk on.; frequency rank 858
- gold — A heavy, shiny yellow metal that is very valuable, used for jewellery and coins.; frequency rank 874
- board — A long, flat, thin piece of wood or other material.; frequency rank 1066
- smoke — The grey or black cloud of gas and tiny particles that rises from something burning.; frequency rank 1172
- gas — A substance like air that is neither solid nor liquid and spreads to fill any space.; frequency rank 1230
- hole — An opening or empty space in a solid object or surface.; frequency rank 1253
- stone — The hard substance that rock is made of, often used as a building material.; frequency rank 1350
- drug — An illegal substance taken for pleasure that can be addictive, such as cocaine.; frequency rank 1383
- tape — A thin strip of material with a sticky surface, used for fixing or sticking things together.; frequency rank 1457
- oil — A thick liquid from plants or animals used in cooking.; frequency rank 1556
- silver — A shiny, valuable greyish-white metal used for jewellery, coins, and tableware.; frequency rank 1951
- wood — The hard material that trees are made of, used for building and making things.; frequency rank 2161
- metal — A hard, usually shiny material such as iron, gold, or copper that conducts heat and electricity.; frequency rank 2220
- material — A substance that something is made from.; frequency rank 2348
- chain — A row of connected metal rings, used for pulling, holding, or as jewellery.; frequency rank 2521
- salt — A white substance used to add flavour to food and to preserve it.; frequency rank 2622
- plastic — A light artificial material that can be shaped, used to make many everyday objects.; frequency rank 2935
- sweat — The salty liquid that comes out of your skin when you are hot, ill, or nervous.; frequency rank 2953
- sauce — A thick or liquid mixture served with or on food to add flavour.; frequency rank 3015
- chip — A small piece broken off from a larger solid object.; frequency rank 3155
- clay — A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.; frequency rank 3323
- fence — A barrier of wood, wire, or metal that encloses or divides an area of land.; frequency rank 3394
- soap — A substance used with water for washing and cleaning the body or things.; frequency rank 3786
- net — A material made of string or rope knotted together with open spaces between, used to catch fish, balls, or other things.; frequency rank 3852
- pan — A flat, round metal container with a handle, used for cooking.; frequency rank 3933
- chemical — A substance, such as an element or compound, used in or produced by chemistry.; frequency rank 4179
- leather — A strong material made from the treated skin of animals, used for shoes, bags, and clothing.; frequency rank 4365
- basket — A container, usually made of woven material, used to hold or carry things.; frequency rank 4522
- medal — A flat metal disc given as a prize or award, often for winning a sporting event.; frequency rank 4692
- perfume — A liquid with a pleasant smell that people put on their skin.; frequency rank 4862
- balloon — A small rubber bag that is filled with air or gas, used as a toy or decoration.; frequency rank 5110
- petrol — A liquid fuel made from petroleum, used to power cars and other vehicles.; frequency rank 7192
- wool — The soft, thick hair that grows on sheep.; frequency rank 8634
- shampoo — A liquid soap used for washing your hair.; frequency rank 9314
- lotion — a liquid or light cream applied to the skin for cosmetic, soothing, or medical purposes; frequency rank 12007
- crayon — a small stick or pencil of colored wax, chalk, charcoal, or similar material used for drawing; frequency rank 26129
- mineral water
- chip off — to break away as a small piece from a harder surface
- fall apart — to break into separate pieces or stop holding together

### B1
- bell — A hollow metal object, often cup-shaped, that rings when it is struck.; frequency rank 1203
- bullet — A small piece of metal that is fired from a gun; frequency rank 1676
- poison — A substance that can harm or kill a living thing if it is swallowed, breathed in, or absorbed.; frequency rank 2101
- iron — A common hard grey metal that rusts and is used to make steel; frequency rank 2196
- wire — A thin thread of metal, often used to carry electricity.; frequency rank 2579
- tank — A large container for holding liquid or gas.; frequency rank 2597
- solid — Hard and firm, keeping its shape; not liquid or gas.; frequency rank 2680
- dirt — A substance such as mud or dust that makes things unclean.; frequency rank 2739
- steel — A strong, hard metal made from iron, used in building and tools.; frequency rank 3032
- pipe — A tube through which liquid or gas can flow.; frequency rank 3326
- oxygen — A colourless, odourless gas that humans and animals need to breathe and that makes up part of the air.; frequency rank 3536
- pin — A short, thin piece of metal with a sharp point, used to fasten things together.; frequency rank 3645
- powder — A dry substance made of very fine particles.; frequency rank 3692
- pole — A long, thin, rounded piece of wood or metal used to hold or support something.; frequency rank 3704
- foundation — The solid structure built underground that supports a building.; frequency rank 4036
- needle — A thin, pointed metal tool used for sewing, with a hole at one end for thread.; frequency rank 4243
- steam — The hot gas that water turns into when it boils.; frequency rank 4386
- cotton — A soft cloth or thread made from the cotton plant.; frequency rank 4592
- rubber — A strong, stretchy material made from the sap of a tree or made artificially.; frequency rank 4617
- carpet — A thick fabric used to cover a floor.; frequency rank 4628
- liquid — A substance that flows freely, like water, and takes the shape of its container.; frequency rank 4721
- tin — A sealed metal container used to keep food or drink fresh.; frequency rank 4786
- plug — The object with metal pins at the end of an electrical wire that you put into a socket.; frequency rank 5142
- bubble — A thin ball of liquid filled with air or gas; frequency rank 5255
- brass — A group of musical instruments made of metal that are played by blowing, such as trumpets and trombones.; frequency rank 5481
- label — A small piece of paper or other material attached to something to give information about it.; frequency rank 5503
- ink — A coloured liquid used for writing or printing.; frequency rank 5556
- cloth — Material made by weaving or knitting fibres, used to make clothes and other things.; frequency rank 5610
- compound — a substance made by combining two or more elements or ingredients; frequency rank 5840
- wax — A soft, solid substance made from oils or fats that melts when warmed, used to make candles and to polish surfaces.; frequency rank 6170
- substance — A particular type of solid, liquid, or gas with its own properties.; frequency rank 6315
- layer — A single thickness of a material that covers a surface or lies between other things.; frequency rank 6754
- gasoline — a volatile, flammable blend of liquid hydrocarbons refined chiefly from petroleum and used mainly as fuel in spark-ignition engines; petrol; frequency rank 8020
- syrup — a thick, sweet liquid made by dissolving sugar or concentrating plant juice, used on or in food and drinks; frequency rank 8534
- sponge — A soft, porous material used for washing or soaking up liquid.; frequency rank 8856
- bronze — A hard reddish-brown metal made by mixing copper and tin; frequency rank 9101
- parachute — A large piece of fabric attached to a person or object so they fall slowly through the air.; frequency rank 9601
- mineral — A natural solid substance found in the ground, such as gold, salt, or quartz.; frequency rank 9738
- tablet — A small, solid piece of medicine that you swallow; a pill.; frequency rank 9823
- bandage — A strip of soft material wrapped around a wound or injury to protect it.; frequency rank 10215
- sphere — A perfectly round solid shape, like a ball.; frequency rank 11234
- wrapping — The material used to cover or enclose something.; frequency rank 11373
- toothpaste — A soft substance used with a toothbrush to clean the teeth.; frequency rank 11641
- ivory — The hard, smooth, white substance that forms the tusks of elephants; frequency rank 11848
- sticker — A small piece of paper or plastic with a picture or words on it, with glue on the back so it can be stuck onto a surface.; frequency rank 12313
- wallpaper — decorative paper or similar material used to cover the inside walls of a room; frequency rank 12539
- dioxide — A chemical compound that has two oxygen atoms in each molecule.; frequency rank 12561
- cushion — A soft bag filled with material, used to sit or lie on for comfort.; frequency rank 12779
- tile — A thin, flat, usually square piece of baked clay, stone, or similar material used to cover floors, walls, or roofs.; frequency rank 13077
- caramel — a brown substance made by heating sugar, used to flavor or color food and drinks; frequency rank 13752
- cylinder — an object or solid shape with straight parallel sides and circular ends; frequency rank 14063
- nectar — The sweet liquid that flowers produce to attract bees, birds, and other animals.; frequency rank 14667
- gallon — A unit for measuring liquid, equal to about 3.8 litres in the US and 4.5 litres in the UK.; frequency rank 14978
- extinguisher — a portable device containing a substance used to put out a small fire; frequency rank 18517
- petroleum — a naturally occurring oily liquid mixture of hydrocarbons found in underground rock formations and refined into fuels and chemical products; crude oil; frequency rank 19508
- wrapper — paper, plastic, or another material folded around an object to cover or protect it; frequency rank 19754
- oxide — a chemical compound of oxygen with another element; frequency rank 21137
- erosion — the gradual wearing away of soil, rock, or another surface by water, wind, ice, or chemical action; frequency rank 23450
- duvet — A soft, thick cover for a bed, filled with feathers or other material and used instead of blankets.; frequency rank 27391
- biochemistry — The study of the chemical processes that happen inside living things.; frequency rank 33845
- knocker — a hinged metal object fixed to a door and struck against it to attract attention inside; frequency rank 43587
- outflow — the movement or discharge of a liquid, gas, or other material out of a place; frequency rank 60584
- streamer — a long narrow strip of cloth, paper, or similar material used as decoration or a flag; frequency rank 84004
- pollutant — A substance that makes air, water, or soil dirty or harmful, especially waste from human activity.; frequency rank 95474
- stick together — to become attached to one another so that separation is difficult

### B2
- DNA — The substance in living cells that carries genetic information and passes on characteristics.; frequency rank 1927
- hook — A curved piece of metal or plastic used to hang, hold, or catch things.; frequency rank 2214
- badge — A small piece of metal, plastic, or cloth worn to show who you are, your rank, or that you belong to a group.; frequency rank 4030
- leak — A hole or crack that lets liquid or gas pass through by accident.; frequency rank 4088
- patch — A piece of material used to cover and repair a hole in clothing or another object.; frequency rank 4098
- sack — A large bag made of strong material like cloth or paper, used for carrying things.; frequency rank 4143
- dough — a thick, moldable mixture of flour and liquid, often with other ingredients, that is baked into bread or pastry; frequency rank 4502
- shield — A broad piece of metal, wood, or other material held in the hand to protect the body in battle.; frequency rank 4530
- beam — A long, thick piece of wood or metal used to support a building or structure.; frequency rank 4623
- acid — A chemical substance, often sour or corrosive, that reacts with bases and can dissolve metals.; frequency rank 4651
- flame — The bright burning gas you see in a fire.; frequency rank 4691
- gum — A sweet, soft substance that you chew but do not swallow.; frequency rank 4708
- spray — Tiny drops of liquid blown or scattered through the air.; frequency rank 5113
- concrete — a hard building material made by mixing cement, sand, and water; frequency rank 5125
- drain — A pipe or channel that carries away waste water or liquid.; frequency rank 5209
- copper — A soft reddish-brown metal (symbol Cu) used in wires, pipes, and coins.; frequency rank 5308
- compound — to make a problem or bad situation worse; frequency rank 5840
- fluid — A liquid; a substance that flows.; frequency rank 5995
- pad — A thick, soft piece of material used for protection, comfort, or to absorb liquid.; frequency rank 6137
- thread — A thin strand of cotton, silk, or other material used for sewing.; frequency rank 6319
- fabric — Cloth or material made by weaving or knitting threads together.; frequency rank 6331
- anchor — A heavy metal object dropped from a boat to stop it from moving.; frequency rank 6592
- rug — A thick piece of fabric used to cover part of a floor.; frequency rank 6687
- urine — the liquid waste produced by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and discharged from the body; frequency rank 7009
- hose — a long flexible tube used to carry water, gas, or another fluid; frequency rank 7126
- jingle — a light, repeated ringing sound made when small metal or glass objects strike one another; frequency rank 7209
- lens — A curved piece of glass or plastic that focuses light, used in cameras, glasses, and microscopes.; frequency rank 7727
- pint — A unit for measuring liquid, equal to about half a litre.; frequency rank 7976
- pyramid — a solid shape with a polygonal base and triangular sides that meet at a point; frequency rank 8064
- mercury — a heavy, silvery chemical element that is liquid at ordinary temperatures; frequency rank 8282
- publishing — The business of producing and selling books, magazines, and other written material.; frequency rank 9053
- coral — A hard, stony substance formed in the sea by tiny animals, often building large reefs.; frequency rank 9145
- cube — A solid shape with six equal square sides, like a dice or a box.; frequency rank 9889
- chunk — A thick, solid piece of something.; frequency rank 10773
- cone — A solid shape with a round flat base and a point at the top.; frequency rank 11042
- vinegar — A sour liquid made from fermented alcohol, used to flavour or preserve food.; frequency rank 11359
- cardboard — A thick, stiff material like heavy paper, used to make boxes.; frequency rank 11458
- mace — a heavy club, sometimes fitted with a spiked metal head, formerly used as a weapon; frequency rank 11782
- saliva — the clear liquid secreted into the mouth that moistens food and begins digestion; frequency rank 12104
- pulp — a soft, wet, shapeless mass made by crushing or breaking down material; frequency rank 12300
- aluminum — A light, silvery metal used to make cans, foil, and many other products.; frequency rank 12703
- incense — A substance that gives off a sweet smell when it is burned.; frequency rank 13161
- hopper — a funnel-shaped container through which loose material is stored or fed into a machine; frequency rank 13189
- broth — a savory liquid made by simmering meat, fish, or vegetables in water; frequency rank 13887
- hormone — a chemical messenger produced in one part of an organism and carried to other cells or tissues, where it regulates their activity; frequency rank 14569
- trolley — A metal cart on wheels used for carrying goods, especially shopping.; frequency rank 14676
- eruption — The sudden throwing out of lava, ash, and gas from a volcano.; frequency rank 14704
- meteorite — a piece of rock or metal from space that survives passage through an atmosphere and reaches the ground; frequency rank 15568
- sewage — wastewater and solid waste carried away from homes and other buildings through sewers; frequency rank 16416
- crowbar — a strong iron or steel bar, often flattened or curved at one end, used as a lever to force things apart; frequency rank 16829
- ether — a substance once thought to fill space and carry light or electromagnetic waves; frequency rank 16966
- ammonia — A colourless gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH₃) that has a strong, sharp smell.; frequency rank 17683
- pebble — A small, smooth, round stone, especially one shaped by water.; frequency rank 18332
- cannonball — A heavy metal ball that was fired from a cannon in the past.; frequency rank 18529
- canister — a usually cylindrical container with a close-fitting lid, used for storing a dry product, film, gas, or other material; frequency rank 18763
- ozone — A form of oxygen with three atoms in each molecule; it is a pale blue gas with a sharp smell that forms a layer high in the atmosphere protecting us from the sun.; frequency rank 19263
- refinery — A factory where a raw substance such as oil, sugar, or metal is purified.; frequency rank 20062
- membrane — a thin pliable sheet of material; frequency rank 21283
- denim — A strong, heavy cotton fabric, usually blue, used to make jeans.; frequency rank 21695
- quartz — a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; frequency rank 21934
- pH — A measure of how acidic or basic a liquid is, on a scale from 0 to 14.; frequency rank 22997
- mosaic — a picture or pattern made by arranging small pieces of colored stone, glass, tile, or another material; frequency rank 24176
- tambourine — a handheld frame drum, usually with small metal disks in its rim that jingle when shaken or struck; frequency rank 24228
- mallet — a hammer with a large head, usually made of wood, rubber, or another relatively soft material; frequency rank 24585
- compost — decayed organic material used to fertilize soil and improve its structure; frequency rank 25615
- piston — a solid disk or cylinder that moves tightly inside a larger cylinder to transmit pressure or drive a machine; frequency rank 25645
- disinfectant — a chemical or other agent used on surfaces or objects to destroy or inactivate harmful microorganisms; frequency rank 26172
- solvent — A liquid that can dissolve other substances.; frequency rank 26875
- pigment — a substance that gives color to animal or plant tissue or to another material; frequency rank 28213
- embankment — a long raised bank of earth, stone, or other material built to hold back water or support a road or railway; frequency rank 30150
- stimulant — A substance or drug that makes the body or mind more active.; frequency rank 30802
- flatulence — the presence or release of excessive gas in the digestive system; frequency rank 31264
- perspiration — The salty liquid that comes out of your skin when you are hot or nervous; sweat.; frequency rank 34309
- carbonate — a salt or ester of carbonic acid, typically containing the carbonate ion CO3^2-; frequency rank 38773
- tartan — a woven fabric or pattern formed by horizontal and vertical bands of different colors crossing one another; frequency rank 39496
- cymbal — a round, slightly hollow metal percussion instrument that is struck with a stick or against another cymbal; frequency rank 41347
- whey — the watery liquid left after milk has curdled and the curds have been removed, especially during cheesemaking; frequency rank 44171
- phosphate — a salt or ester of phosphoric acid; frequency rank 47179
- fume — Strong-smelling or dangerous gas, smoke, or vapour.; frequency rank 48298
- droplet — a very small drop of liquid, especially one suspended in a gas or deposited on a surface; frequency rank 54499
- sealer — a liquid or coating applied to make a surface resistant to air, water, stains, or damage; frequency rank 86039
- tortoiseshell — The hard, mottled brown and yellow material from a turtle's shell, used for ornaments.; frequency rank 90222
- glassful — the amount of liquid or other material that one drinking glass can hold; frequency rank 138399
- soot — a black powdery or flaky substance produced by incomplete combustion of coal, wood, oil, etc.
- swab — a small piece of absorbent material used for cleaning or taking samples
- soak up — to absorb liquid or take something in
- suck up — to draw liquid or another substance inward by suction

### C1
- rick — a stack of hay, straw, or similar material stored outdoors, often under thatch; frequency rank 2138
- hank — a coil, loop, or bundle of yarn, rope, hair, or other long flexible material; frequency rank 2340
- crystal — A clear, solid mineral form with a regular geometric shape; high-quality clear glass.; frequency rank 3079
- scum — a film of foam, dirt, impurities, or vegetation that forms on the surface of a liquid; frequency rank 4669
- rod — A long, thin, straight bar or stick of wood or metal.; frequency rank 5021
- mole — A massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater or junction between places separated by water.; frequency rank 5304
- grease — a thick oily or fatty substance, especially one used to lubricate machinery; frequency rank 7512
- foam — a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid; frequency rank 8244
- strap — A narrow strip of leather, cloth, or other material used to fasten, carry, or hold something.; frequency rank 8493
- stud — a small projecting fastener or ornament, usually made of metal; frequency rank 8624
- plumbing — The pipes and fixtures that carry water, gas, or sewage in a building.; frequency rank 9727
- duct — a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance; frequency rank 10643
- texture — The way a surface or material feels when you touch it.; frequency rank 11287
- garland — a decorative chain or ring of flowers, leaves, or other material, worn or hung as an ornament; frequency rank 11728
- pipeline — A long pipe used to carry oil, gas, or water over a distance.; frequency rank 12588
- cavity — A hole or hollow space inside a solid object.; frequency rank 12783
- incense — To make someone extremely angry.; frequency rank 13161
- plaque — A flat piece of metal, stone, or wood with writing on it, fixed to a wall or monument to remember a person or event.; frequency rank 13520
- methane — the simplest hydrocarbon, CH4, a colorless flammable gas that is the principal component of natural gas and a powerful greenhouse gas; frequency rank 13867
- utility — A basic public service such as electricity, gas, or water supplied to homes and businesses.; frequency rank 14858
- slag — waste material separated from metal during smelting or refining; frequency rank 15016
- thong — a narrow strip of leather or another flexible material, especially one used as a fastening; frequency rank 15496
- wad — a small, compact mass of soft material, such as cotton, paper, or cloth; frequency rank 16920
- nugget — a naturally occurring solid lump of a precious metal, especially gold; frequency rank 17474
- handcuff — a locking metal or plastic restraint placed around a wrist, usually used as one of a joined pair; frequency rank 17789
- clank — a loud, hard, resonant sound made when pieces of metal strike one another; frequency rank 17870
- elixir — a mythical or magical liquid believed to cure disease, preserve youth, or prolong life; frequency rank 18082
- metabolism — the set of chemical processes by which a living organism converts substances into energy and materials needed for life, growth, and repair; frequency rank 19092
- trampoline — A strong sheet of fabric stretched over a frame by springs, used for jumping on.; frequency rank 20785
- resin — A sticky substance produced by some trees and plants, used in varnishes, glues, and other products.; frequency rank 24088
- tinder — dry, easily combustible material used to start a fire; frequency rank 24356
- nozzle — a projecting tube or spout that directs or controls a stream of liquid, gas, or other material; frequency rank 25018
- varnish — a transparent liquid coating that dries to form a hard, protective, usually glossy surface; frequency rank 25608
- anvil — a heavy iron or steel block on which metal is shaped by hammering; frequency rank 25979
- foundry — a factory or workshop where metal is melted and poured into molds to make cast objects; frequency rank 26383
- antiseptic — a substance applied to living tissue to prevent or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms; frequency rank 29144
- tinsel — thin strips or threads of shiny material used as decoration; frequency rank 32674
- skewer — a long, thin pin of metal or wood used to hold pieces of food during cooking; frequency rank 33984
- mildew — a thin, usually whitish fungal growth on plants or damp organic material; frequency rank 34679
- corduroy — a durable cotton fabric with raised parallel ribs running along its surface; frequency rank 35529
- cistern — a tank or underground reservoir for collecting and storing water or another liquid; frequency rank 36581
- spool — a cylinder or spindle around which thread, wire, film, or another flexible material is wound; frequency rank 38225
- acetone — a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid that is the simplest ketone and is widely used as a solvent; frequency rank 38907
- trellis — a framework or lattice of wood, metal, or another material used to support climbing plants; frequency rank 45859
- gypsum — a soft white or colorless mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulfate, widely used to make plaster, cement, and wallboard; frequency rank 48570
- stucco — a durable plaster-like material used to coat or decorate walls, ceilings, and exterior surfaces; frequency rank 51153
- perforation — a hole or opening made by piercing through a material or part of the body; frequency rank 51472
- cadmium — the soft, silvery-white, toxic chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48; frequency rank 54125
- gingham — a lightweight cotton fabric woven from dyed and white yarn, typically in checks; frequency rank 58689
- repellant — A substance used to keep insects or animals away.; frequency rank 58691
- ionization — the generation of one or more ions from atoms, molecules, or other chemical entities, for example through electron loss or gain or through dissociation; frequency rank 62469
- sensationalism — the use of exaggerated, shocking, or lurid material to attract attention, especially in journalism; frequency rank 63557
- ingot — metal that is cast in the shape of a block for convenient handling; frequency rank 76125
- frill — a narrow strip of gathered or pleated fabric used as a decorative edge; frequency rank 80967
- plasticity — the capacity of a material to be reshaped permanently without breaking; frequency rank 89839
- nitrite — the radical -NO2 or any compound containing it (such as a salt or ester of nitrous acid); frequency rank 102857
- indium — the soft, silvery-white chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49; frequency rank 172751
- inoculation — the action of immunizing someone against a disease by introducing infective material, microorganisms, or vaccine into the body
- manacle — a metal band, chain, or shackle for fastening someone's hands or ankles
- squelch — a soft, sucking sound made when pressure is applied to liquid or mud
- velveteen — a cotton fabric with a short, dense pile, resembling velvet
- wale — a ridge on a textured surface, such as fabric or skin, often raised or swollen
- subject-matter — the topic or material being discussed, studied, or represented
- nitrous oxide — a colorless, mildly sweet-smelling gas, N2O, used as an anesthetic and propellant and also emitted as a powerful greenhouse gas

### C2
- japan — a hard, usually dark lacquer or enamel used to give wood or metal a durable glossy finish; frequency rank 2373
- sal — salt, especially in traditional chemical or pharmaceutical names such as sal volatile; frequency rank 6334
- velvet — A closely woven fabric (originally of silk, now also of cotton or man-made fibres) with a thick short pile on one side.; frequency rank 9370
- splinter — A small, thin, sharp piece of wood, glass, or metal.; frequency rank 11360
- serge — a strong twill-weave fabric, traditionally made of wool or worsted and often used for suits and uniforms; frequency rank 12171
- puddle — a small, shallow pool of water or another liquid, especially one formed by rain; frequency rank 12594
- ore — Rock from which valuable metal or minerals can be extracted.; frequency rank 13392
- chime — a melodious ringing sound, or a set of tuned bells or metal bars that produces it; frequency rank 14049
- hoop — a rigid circular or curved band of metal, wood, or another material, used for holding, fastening, hanging, or forming a framework; frequency rank 15186
- slab — A large, flat, thick piece of solid material such as stone, concrete, or wood.; frequency rank 15190
- nebula — an interstellar cloud of gas and dust, often associated with the formation or death of stars; frequency rank 15215
- terra — earth, land, or solid ground, especially in the Latin expression terra firma; frequency rank 15632
- commodity — A raw material or basic product that is bought and sold in large amounts, such as oil or grain.; frequency rank 15862
- gauze — A similar bleached cotton fabric used as a surgical dressing.; frequency rank 17969
- blob — a small rounded or shapeless amount of a thick liquid or soft substance; frequency rank 19147
- bale — a large quantity of material compressed and tightly bound for storage or transport; frequency rank 19228
- boa — a long decorative scarf made of feathers, fur, or a similar fluffy material; frequency rank 19349
- gunny — a coarse, strong fabric made from jute or hemp, especially for sacks; frequency rank 19539
- krypton — the colorless, odorless noble-gas chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36; frequency rank 20798
- muff — a tube of fur or warm fabric into which both hands are placed for warmth; frequency rank 20916
- nitrate — a salt or ester of nitric acid, containing the nitrate ion or nitrate group; frequency rank 21362
- mesh — A material made of connected threads, wire, or rope with small evenly spaced holes.; frequency rank 21957
- beryl — a hard mineral that is the chief ore of beryllium and occurs in gemstone varieties such as emerald and aquamarine; frequency rank 22114
- seam — a line where two pieces of cloth, leather, or similar material are joined, usually by sewing; frequency rank 23244
- poncho — a cloak made from a single piece of fabric with an opening for the head, traditionally worn in South America; frequency rank 24413
- blowtorch — a portable burner that produces a very hot, concentrated flame by mixing fuel gas with air or oxygen; frequency rank 24559
- clack — a sharp, hard sound made when solid objects strike together; frequency rank 24772
- turquoise — an opaque blue-green mineral containing hydrated copper and aluminium phosphate, valued as a gemstone; frequency rank 25936
- crepe — a light, thin fabric with a finely wrinkled or crinkled surface; frequency rank 26537
- smithy — a workshop where a smith heats, shapes, and repairs metal; a forge; frequency rank 26927
- drape — the manner in which fabric hangs or falls; frequency rank 26985
- smut — sexually explicit or obscene writing, images, or other material, especially when regarded as having little artistic value; frequency rank 26988
- pellet — a solid missile discharged from a firearm; frequency rank 27006
- bullion — gold or silver in bulk form, especially bars or ingots valued by weight; frequency rank 27618
- cinder — a small piece of partly burned coal, wood, or other material; frequency rank 29502
- siphon — a bent tube used to move liquid from a higher container to a lower one through continuous flow; frequency rank 30153
- topaz — a hard aluminium fluorosilicate mineral, often transparent and cut as a gemstone in colorless, yellow, blue, pink, brown, or other varieties; frequency rank 31523
- crucible — a vessel made of material that does not melt easily; frequency rank 31595
- chiffon — a very light, sheer fabric woven from silk or synthetic fibers; frequency rank 32566
- turpentine — a volatile liquid distilled from pine resin and used as a solvent, paint thinner, and source of chemical compounds; frequency rank 32617
- clod — a compact lump of earth, clay, or a similar material; frequency rank 33588
- palladium — a rare, lustrous, silvery-white chemical element with atomic number 46 and symbol Pd; frequency rank 33934
- nitroglycerin — a dense, oily, highly explosive liquid made by nitrating glycerol and used in explosives such as dynamite; frequency rank 35593
- fakir — a Muslim religious mendicant, especially a Sufi ascetic who renounces material possessions; frequency rank 35665
- lye — a strongly alkaline solution, traditionally made by leaching water through wood ashes; frequency rank 36934
- stave — one of the narrow strips of wood or metal fitted edge to edge to form a barrel or similar structure; frequency rank 37739
- drainpipe — a pipe that carries rainwater, wastewater, or another liquid away; frequency rank 37874
- lapis — lapis lazuli, especially when used as a gemstone, pigment source, inlay, or decorative material; frequency rank 38400
- sulfate — Any salt or ester of sulfuric acid.; frequency rank 39470
- shackle — a metal restraint for a wrist or ankle, usually one of a connected pair; figuratively, anything that severely restricts freedom; frequency rank 39583
- awning — a sheet of canvas or other material extended over a window, doorway, deck, or outdoor area to provide shelter from sun or rain; frequency rank 40305
- muslin — a prototype of a sewing project, generally made of muslin or other cheap plain fabric; frequency rank 41936
- wisp — a small, thin strand or tuft of hair, grass, or similar material; frequency rank 42640
- pumice — a very light, porous volcanic glass formed when gas-rich lava cools rapidly; frequency rank 42932
- filament — a very thin thread or fiber of natural or manufactured material; frequency rank 43970
- lacquer — a liquid or resinous coating that dries to form a hard, smooth, glossy surface on wood, metal, or another material; frequency rank 44178
- brocade — a rich, heavy fabric woven with a raised ornamental design, traditionally using gold or silver thread; frequency rank 44490
- mackintosh — a waterproof raincoat, traditionally made from rubberized fabric; frequency rank 44679
- glob — a compact, rounded, and usually shapeless lump of a soft or sticky substance; frequency rank 45276
- cesium — the soft, highly reactive alkali-metal chemical element with atomic number 55 and symbol Cs; frequency rank 45732
- condenser — an apparatus that converts vapor into liquid; frequency rank 46645
- lattice — A flat panel constructed with widely-spaced crossed thin strips of wood or other material, commonly used as a garden trellis.; frequency rank 47078
- acetylene — a colorless, highly flammable gas used especially for welding and cutting metals; ethyne; frequency rank 47505
- liniment — a medicinal liquid or lotion rubbed on the skin to ease pain or stiffness; frequency rank 48859
- etching — The art of cutting a design into a metal plate with acid so prints can be made from it.; frequency rank 49895
- tarpaulin — a large sheet of strong waterproof material used to cover and protect things; frequency rank 50378
- emulsion — a dispersion of tiny droplets of one liquid in another liquid with which it does not normally mix; frequency rank 50698
- patina — a thin surface layer produced by oxidation or other chemical change, especially the green coating on aged copper or bronze; frequency rank 51600
- talc — an extremely soft hydrous magnesium silicate mineral with a greasy or soapy feel, used in ceramics, paint, paper, plastics, and powders; frequency rank 52660
- windowpane — A fabric pattern of widely-spaced intersecting vertical and horizontal lines forming large squares.; frequency rank 56090
- diuretic — a drug or other substance that increases urine production, often helping the body remove excess salt and water; frequency rank 58323
- brazier — large metal container in which coal or charcoal is burned; frequency rank 58777
- reagent — a substance or mixture used to cause, detect, measure, or investigate a chemical reaction; frequency rank 60412
- filigree — A delicate and intricate ornamentation made from platinum, gold or silver (or sometimes other metal) twisted wire.; frequency rank 60471
- sackcloth — a coarse, rough fabric like the material traditionally used for sacks; frequency rank 61461
- damask — a rich fabric whose woven pattern is visible through contrasting textures, often reversible; frequency rank 61904
- electrolysis — The chemical change produced by passing an electric current through a conducting solution or a molten salt.; frequency rank 62346
- flagon — a large metal or pottery vessel with a handle and spout; frequency rank 63360
- chintz — a printed cotton fabric, often glazed and decorated with brightly colored floral patterns; frequency rank 65231
- metalwork — objects, fittings, or structural parts made of metal; frequency rank 65852
- ambergris — a waxy substance formed in the digestive tract of a sperm whale and historically prized as a perfume fixative; frequency rank 68278
- ducat — historical: a gold or silver coin formerly issued by many European states, especially the widely traded gold ducat; frequency rank 69317
- stovepipe — a metal pipe that carries smoke and gases from a stove to a chimney or flue; frequency rank 69729
- jerkin — a close-fitting jacket, often sleeveless and made of leather or rich fabric, worn especially by men in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; frequency rank 69822
- feldspar — any mineral in a major group of rock-forming aluminosilicates containing potassium, sodium, or calcium; frequency rank 70665
- murk — an atmosphere in which visibility is reduced because of a cloud of some substance; frequency rank 70777
- portcullis — a heavy gate made of a wood or metal grating that slides vertically to block a fortified entrance; frequency rank 71927
- briquette — a small compressed block of combustible material, especially charcoal or coal dust, used as fuel; frequency rank 74248
- leaven — A substance, such as yeast, added to dough to make it rise.; frequency rank 74646
- placer — a surface or near-surface deposit of sand or gravel containing particles of a valuable mineral, especially gold; frequency rank 75304
- malachite — a bright green copper carbonate mineral used as an ore, pigment, and ornamental stone; frequency rank 75494
- gasworks — a factory where fuel gas is produced, stored, or distributed; frequency rank 75623
- gabardine — a firm, tightly woven fabric with a smooth face and a prominent diagonal twill, used especially for suits and coats; frequency rank 75939
- emetic — a substance or medicine that causes vomiting; frequency rank 80172
- wagonload — the amount of goods or material that a wagon carries or can hold; frequency rank 80888
- fluorescence — The emission of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by a material when stimulated by the absorption of radiation or of a subatomic particle.; frequency rank 85410
- merino — The fabric made from this wool (or from any similar yarn).; frequency rank 87466
- decoction — a medicinal or herbal liquid made by boiling plant material in water; frequency rank 88900
- papier-mâché — a moldable material made from paper pulp or strips of paper mixed with glue or paste and hardened when dry; frequency rank 89018
- pipette — a narrow graduated tube used to measure or transfer a small quantity of liquid; frequency rank 89353
- travertine — a light-colored, often porous form of limestone deposited by mineral springs and used as a building or decorative stone; frequency rank 89718
- phosphor — a substance that emits light after being excited by radiation or another form of energy, as in fluorescent lamps and display screens; frequency rank 90079
- blowpipe — a narrow tube used to direct air or gas into a flame, concentrating its heat for chemical tests, metalwork, or mineral analysis; frequency rank 95634
- molybdenum — the hard, silvery chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42, used especially to strengthen steel alloys; frequency rank 96036
- flounce — a wide strip of gathered or pleated fabric sewn on a garment or furnishing as decoration; frequency rank 99614
- mortise — a rectangular cavity cut in one piece of material to receive a matching tenon and form a joint; frequency rank 101222
- plectrum — a small flat piece of plastic, metal, or other material used to pluck the strings of an instrument; frequency rank 103319
- stalactite — an icicle-shaped mineral deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave; frequency rank 103588
- censer — a vessel in which incense is burned, especially a covered metal container swung on chains during a religious ceremony; frequency rank 103610
- pyrite — a common brass-yellow mineral consisting of iron disulfide, often mistaken for gold; frequency rank 104091
- mordant — Any substance used to facilitate the fixing of a dye to a fibre; usually a metallic compound which reacts with the dye using chelation.; frequency rank 104389
- chaplet — a garland or circlet of flowers, leaves, or other material worn on the head or around the neck; frequency rank 105079
- cestus — an ancient Greek or Roman fighting glove made of leather strips and sometimes weighted with metal; frequency rank 105643
- mousseline — a very fine, soft, semi-transparent fabric resembling muslin, made from silk, wool, or cotton; frequency rank 109335
- dreg — a small amount of sediment or residue left at the bottom of a liquid; frequency rank 112001
- tole — decorative sheet-metal ware with a painted, lacquered, or enamelled surface; frequency rank 113152
- formalism — strict adherence to prescribed forms, rules, or procedures, sometimes at the expense of substance; frequency rank 119298
- abutment — a solid structure that supports the end or resists the outward thrust of a bridge, arch, dam, or similar construction; frequency rank 119509
- sweatband — a strip of absorbent material worn around the head or wrist during exercise; frequency rank 120547
- hasp — a hinged metal strap that fits over a staple and is secured by a pin or padlock; frequency rank 123559
- festoon — a decorative chain of flowers, paper, fabric, or lights hung in a curve between two points; frequency rank 124274
- rhodium — the rare, hard, silvery-white chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45, belonging to the platinum group; frequency rank 124479
- oilcloth — cloth coated with oil, resin, or another waterproof material, formerly used for floors, tables, shelves, and coverings; frequency rank 128766
- phlogiston — a hypothetical fire-like substance once thought to exist in combustible materials and to be released during burning; frequency rank 130167
- emulsifier — A substance that helps two liquids mix into a smooth blend and keeps them from separating.; frequency rank 132873
- phosphorescence — the emission of light by a substance that continues after the source of excitation has been removed; frequency rank 133580
- carpetbag — a traveling bag made from carpet fabric, especially one used in the nineteenth century; frequency rank 134337
- lamina — a thin layer, plate, sheet, or scale of material; frequency rank 138512
- cruse — a small earthenware vessel for holding liquids, especially oil or water; frequency rank 141038
- spermaceti — a white waxy substance from the spermaceti organ in a sperm whale's head, historically used in candles, cosmetics, ointments, and lubricants; frequency rank 142269
- clavichord — an early keyboard instrument whose strings are struck by small metal blades, producing a soft, expressive sound; frequency rank 143558
- ironmongery — tools, metal fittings, and other hardware sold for use in homes, gardens, or buildings; frequency rank 145776
- nacre — the hard, smooth, iridescent substance lining many mollusc shells and forming the outer coating of pearls; frequency rank 152258
- globule — a very small round mass, particle, or drop of a liquid or softened solid; frequency rank 153642
- gneiss — a coarse-grained metamorphic rock with distinct light and dark mineral bands, commonly formed under high temperature and pressure; frequency rank 154536
- spume — foam or froth formed on a liquid, especially on breaking waves; frequency rank 162846
- minim — a historical apothecaries' unit of liquid volume equal to one sixtieth of a fluid dram, roughly 0.06 milliliters; frequency rank 163067
- salver — a flat tray, often made of silver or another metal, used for formally serving or presenting things; frequency rank 168389
- pabulum — bland, simplistic, or intellectually undemanding material offered as if it were nourishing; frequency rank 176770
- cambric — a fine, closely woven white fabric originally made of linen and now also made of cotton; frequency rank 179934
- porringer — a shallow metal bowl (usually with a handle); frequency rank 191114
- circlet — a narrow circular band, often of precious metal or flowers, worn around the head; frequency rank 197458
- tracery — ornamental stone, wood, or metalwork forming interlacing ribs or branching patterns, especially in a window; frequency rank 197844
- battledore — a light, solid-faced racket formerly used to keep a shuttlecock in the air; frequency rank 202640
- concretion — a hard, often rounded mineral mass formed by material accumulating within sediment or sedimentary rock; frequency rank 208495
- cretonne — a strong, often printed fabric of cotton, linen, or rayon used especially for curtains, slipcovers, and upholstery; frequency rank 216100
- marquetry — the decorative craft of fitting thin pieces of differently colored wood, shell, metal, or other veneer into a surface to form a design; frequency rank 219389
- ferrule — a metal or other strong ring, cap, or sleeve fitted around a shaft to strengthen it or prevent splitting; frequency rank 221418
- substratum — a layer of material, especially rock or soil, lying beneath another layer; frequency rank 233429
- andiron — one of a pair of metal supports used to hold burning logs above the hearth of a fireplace; frequency rank 237777
- leavening — A substance, such as yeast, that makes dough or batter rise.; frequency rank 242365
- lamella — a thin plate, layer, membrane, or sheet forming part of a biological, mineral, or manufactured structure; frequency rank 244656
- india-rubber — an old-fashioned name for natural rubber, the elastic waterproof material obtained from plant latex; frequency rank 264538
- carborundum — silicon carbide, an extremely hard crystalline material used as an abrasive and in industrial ceramics; frequency rank 283176
- aragonite — an orthorhombic mineral form of calcium carbonate, denser than calcite and common in shells, pearls, coral skeletons, and some cave deposits; frequency rank 320698
- spadeful — the amount of earth or other material that a spade can hold or move at one time; frequency rank 322845
- floorcloth — a piece of cloth, oilcloth, or similar material used as a floor covering in place of or beneath a carpet; frequency rank 332125
- bombazine — a twilled fabric traditionally made with a silk warp and worsted weft, often dyed black for mourning clothes; frequency rank 333176
- ordure — solid bodily waste; dung or excrement; literary or formal; frequency rank 335646
- percolation — the slow passage of a liquid through pores or small spaces in soil, rock, or another material; frequency rank 347079
- selvage — the narrow finished edge of woven fabric that prevents it from fraying; frequency rank 364076
- scoria — rough, dark, porous lava formed when gas-rich molten rock cools; frequency rank 391683
- silex — silica or a hard siliceous material, especially flint; frequency rank 431395
- pannikin — chiefly British or Australian: a small metal cup or pan, especially one used outdoors; frequency rank 436876
- pseudopod — a temporary projection of a cell's cytoplasm used for movement, feeding, or engulfing material; frequency rank 446073
- tinware — household utensils and other articles made from tin or tin-plated metal; frequency rank 471355
- spinel — a hard, glassy magnesium aluminium oxide mineral that crystallizes in the cubic system and occurs in many colors; frequency rank 487064
- mezzotint — a printmaking technique in which a metal plate is roughened to print dark tones and then scraped or burnished to create lighter areas; frequency rank 687701
- litharge — lead monoxide, especially the fused yellow or reddish material produced during the refining of lead or silver; frequency rank 794525
- castor oil — a pale, thick oil pressed from castor beans, used medicinally as a laxative and industrially as a lubricant, plasticizer, and chemical feedstock; frequency rank 1229660
- moreen — historical: a heavy woolen or wool-and-cotton furnishing fabric, often with a ribbed or watered finish; frequency rank 1355337
- object-matter — the object or material under consideration in an inquiry
- vitalist — an adherent of vitalism, the doctrine that life cannot be explained entirely by physical and chemical processes
- expurgation — the removal of material considered offensive, objectionable, or unsuitable from a text or other work
- swim bladder — a gas-filled internal sac present in many bony fishes, used chiefly to regulate buoyancy and maintain depth and, in some species, also involved in respiration, hearing, or sound production
- louis — historical: any of several French gold or silver coins issued under kings named Louis, especially the louis d'or
- shruff — historical metalworking: old or broken brass or copper, filings, dross, and similar metal refuse kept for remelting
- bimetallism — a monetary standard in which two metals, usually gold and silver, are legal tender at a fixed ratio of value
- greensand — greenish sand or sandstone containing the mineral glauconite
- iron mould — a yellow, brown, or reddish stain on cloth, paper, or a similar material caused by rusty iron or an iron-based ink
- baryta — an older chemical name for barium oxide, or more broadly for certain barium compounds such as barium hydroxide
- gasfitter — a tradesperson who installs, connects, maintains, or repairs gas pipes, fixtures, and appliances
- muriate — an obsolete chemical name for a chloride, a salt regarded as derived from muriatic acid
- chrysoberyl — a very hard beryllium aluminium oxide mineral, commonly yellow to green and used as a gemstone
- hypophosphite — Any salt of hypophosphorous acid
- carabiner — a metal loop with a spring-loaded gate, used to connect ropes and gear in climbing, mountaineering, and rescue work
- jadeite — a hard pyroxene mineral rich in sodium and aluminium, one of the two main materials called jade
- nephrite — a tough, fine-grained calcium magnesium silicate material, one of the two main stones called jade
- chalcedony — a form of quartz made of very small crystals, often translucent and used as a decorative stone

### C2+
- cannon — a large heavy gun for firing metal balls or shells; frequency rank 4834
- lantern — An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior.; frequency rank 9586
- flannel — A soft cloth material originally woven from wool, today often combined with cotton or synthetic fibers.; frequency rank 20830
- rivet — a metal pin fastened by hammering one end flat; frequency rank 42930
- solder — an alloy, usually of lead and tin, used when melted to join two metal surfaces; frequency rank 49519
- lambswool — soft wool or woolen fabric from the first shearing of young sheep; frequency rank 301697
- trousering — cloth suitable for making trousers, especially material sold or discussed for that purpose; frequency rank 317361
- linsey-woolsey — a coarse, sturdy fabric woven with a linen or cotton warp and a woolen weft; frequency rank 491021
- germplasm — the hereditary material of a species or breeding line, especially as transmitted through reproductive cells; frequency rank 622684
- spilth — Spillage; spilled material; frequency rank 794079
- alloy — a metal made by combining two or more elements
- impurity — a contaminating substance, or the state of being impure
- billy — a metal cooking pot or pail used over a campfire; also a short club
- consistence — the degree of firmness or density of a substance; consistency
- foodstuff — any substance used or suitable as food
- mat — a piece of coarse fabric for the floor; also to become tangled
- textile — a type of cloth or woven fabric
- adhesive — a substance used to stick objects together; sticky
- affluence — an abundance of wealth or material possessions
- precipitant — a substance causing a precipitate; acting with sudden haste
- scoop — a utensil for lifting loose material, or an exclusive news story
- tierce — a third in fencing, music, or cards; an old liquid measure of a cask
- adulterant — a substance added to dilute or debase something, especially a foodstuff
- agonist — a contender or protagonist; (pharmacology) a substance that triggers a response
- alcoholicity — the degree or strength of alcoholic content in a liquid
- coating — a thin layer of substance spread over a surface
- contaminant — a substance that pollutes or makes something impure
- dyestuff — a material yielding a dye, especially a synthetic coloring agent
- flooring — the material used to make the floor of a room
- fodder — food for livestock; also raw material readily used for a purpose
- glue — an adhesive substance for joining things; to stick fast
- hydrometeor — any atmospheric water in liquid or solid form, such as rain, snow, or fog
- insulation — material used to prevent the passage of heat, sound, or electricity
- medicament — a substance used in medical treatment; a medicine
- mound — a rounded heap or pile of earth or other material
- mutation — a change in form or structure, especially a heritable change in genetic material
- shard — a sharp fragment of broken pottery, glass, or other brittle material
- spout — a tube or lip for pouring liquid; to eject liquid forcibly
- stratum — a layer of material, especially rock, or a level of society
- ticking — the rhythmic sound of a clock; strong fabric for mattress covers
- torrent — a strong, fast-moving stream of water or other liquid
- veil — a piece of fine fabric worn to conceal or protect the face
- amalgam — a blend or mixture, especially an alloy of mercury with another metal
- bead — a small pierced ball strung as ornament; also a drop of liquid
- bedrock — the solid rock beneath soil; figuratively, a fundamental basis
- blot — a dark stain or spot; to stain or to soak up liquid
- buttermilk — the tangy liquid left after churning butter, used in baking
- clunk — a dull heavy sound, as of metal striking metal
- counterpoison — a substance that neutralizes a poison; an antidote
- cowling — a removable metal cover over an engine, especially an aircraft's
- dissolvent — a substance capable of dissolving another; a solvent
- excitant — a substance or agent that stimulates a bodily function
- firmament — the vault of the sky regarded as a solid expanse; the heavens
- flatus — gas generated in the stomach or intestines
- fluff — soft light downy material; trivial or inconsequential content
- grillwork — ornamental work made of crossed metal bars
- herbicide — a chemical substance used to destroy unwanted plants
- impregnant — a substance used to impregnate or saturate something
- inhibitor — a substance or agent that slows or prevents a reaction or process
- insecticide — a substance used to kill insects
- leakage — the gradual escape of a fluid, gas, or information through a flaw or opening
- lox — brine-cured salmon; also liquid oxygen
- paving — the hard surface material of a road, path, or area
- quart — a unit of liquid measure equal to two pints
- sacking — coarse fabric used to make sacks; dismissal from a job; plunder of a place
- slop — spilled or unappetizing liquid food; to spill carelessly
- spike — a thin pointed piece of metal, or a sharp sudden increase
- swarf — the fine chips or filings produced by machining or grinding metal
- thatch — straw or reeds used to make a roof; to roof with such material
- toxicant — a poisonous substance, especially a man-made one
- turbine — a rotary engine driven by a flow of water, steam, gas, or air
- unguent — a soft greasy substance used as ointment or for lubrication
- vacuity — emptiness of mind, content, or space; lack of substance
- waistband — a strip of fabric encircling the waist at the top of trousers or a skirt
- parmacety — obsolete: spermaceti, the white waxy substance obtained from the head of a sperm whale
- sourcebook — a book that collects primary documents, readings, or reference material on a particular subject
- mundic — Cornish and mining usage: pyrite or arsenopyrite, especially when occurring as a sulfurous mineral in an ore
- laetation — obsolete: manure or other material used to fertilize soil
- carbonic acid — a weak acid, H2CO3, formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water
- ash-hopper — historical: a large container in which water was passed through wood ashes to make lye
- velarium — historical: a large retractable fabric awning spread over a Roman amphitheatre or theatre to shade spectators
- dogiron — historical: an andiron, one of a pair of metal supports for logs in a fireplace
- dissolubility — the capacity of a substance or structure to be dissolved or disintegrated
- flake off — to come away from a surface in small thin pieces