# Science & Research

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 151

## About

Experiments, theories, and the building blocks of the physical world.

## Words by Level

### A1
- science — The study of the physical world through observation and experiment, covering subjects like physics, chemistry, and biology.; frequency rank 1531

### A2
- energy — The strength and ability to be active without getting tired.; frequency rank 1232
- research — A careful study to discover new facts or information.; frequency rank 1572
- data — Facts and figures collected for analysis or to draw conclusions.; frequency rank 2029
- scientific — Relating to science or the way science is done.; frequency rank 3543
- atom — The smallest part of a chemical element that can exist.; frequency rank 9239

### B1
- theory — A set of ideas that explains how or why something happens, supported by evidence.; frequency rank 1830
- reaction — The way you behave or feel because of something that has happened.; frequency rank 2912
- experiment — A scientific test done to discover something or to check whether an idea is true.; frequency rank 3016
- discovery — Something that is found or learned for the first time.; frequency rank 4117
- analysis — The careful study of something by examining its parts in detail.; frequency rank 4167
- engineering — The work of using science and maths to design and build machines, structures, and systems.; frequency rank 5108
- element — One of the parts that together make up a whole.; frequency rank 5109
- physics — The science that studies matter, energy, and how they affect each other.; frequency rank 5210
- chemistry — The science that studies what substances are made of and how they change.; frequency rank 5497
- laboratory — A room or building equipped for scientific research, experiments, or analysis.; frequency rank 6012
- biology — The science that studies living things such as plants and animals.; frequency rank 7792
- chemist — A scientist who studies or works with chemistry.; frequency rank 11431
- organism — A single living thing, such as an animal, plant, or microbe.; frequency rank 12454
- nitrogen — The chemical element with an atomic number of 7 and atomic weight of 14.0067. It is a colorless and odorless gas.; frequency rank 12923
- calcium — the chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20, a soft, silvery, reactive alkaline-earth metal that occurs naturally only in compounds; frequency rank 14517
- genetics — The branch of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from parents to children.; frequency rank 15499
- molecule — The smallest unit of a substance that still has all its chemical properties, made of two or more atoms joined together.; frequency rank 18594
- geology — The science that studies the structure of the earth and its rocks.; frequency rank 19325

### B2
- carbon — A chemical element (symbol C) found in all living things, and in forms such as graphite and diamond.; frequency rank 5799
- evolution — The gradual process by which something changes and develops over time.; frequency rank 5967
- uranium — The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U. A radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series.; frequency rank 11035
- potassium — the chemical element with symbol K and atomic number 19, a soft, silvery, highly reactive alkali metal that occurs naturally only in compounds; frequency rank 14816
- silicon — the chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14, a hard, brittle semiconductor abundant in rocks as silica and silicates and widely used in electronic devices; frequency rank 15002
- sulfur — A bright yellow chemical element (symbol S) with a strong smell, used in matches, gunpowder, and many industrial products.; frequency rank 17888
- relativity — (physics) The scientific theory that space and time are not fixed but depend on the observer's motion.; frequency rank 18393
- enzyme — a protein or RNA molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction without being consumed by it; frequency rank 21762
- magnesium — the chemical element with atomic number 12, a light, silvery-white metal that burns with an intense white flame; frequency rank 22415
- proton — A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.; frequency rank 23694
- hydraulics — the science and engineering of liquids in motion and their use to transmit force; frequency rank 27470
- phosphorus — A chemical element (symbol P) with an atomic number of 15, that exists in several allotropic forms.; frequency rank 28649
- radium — A radioactive metal element (symbol Ra) that glows and was once used in medicine.; frequency rank 28683
- forestry — The science and work of planting and looking after forests.; frequency rank 36135
- manganese — the chemical element with atomic number 25, a hard gray metal used especially to strengthen steel and in batteries; frequency rank 47283
- morphology — the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants; frequency rank 52582
- experimenter — a scientist or researcher who conducts an experiment; frequency rank 66023
- interbreeding — reproduction between animals or plants from different populations, breeds, varieties, or closely related species; frequency rank 68909
- hybridism — the production of hybrids by crossing different species, varieties, or breeds

### C1
- gravity — The natural force that pulls objects toward the earth or toward each other.; frequency rank 4160
- hydrogen — The lightest chemical element (symbol H), a colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas.; frequency rank 8914
- helium — a very light, colorless, and odorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; frequency rank 14783
- genome — The complete set of genetic information in an organism.; frequency rank 19233
- chlorine — the chemical element with atomic number 17, a toxic greenish-yellow halogen gas in its elemental form; frequency rank 19616
- lithium — the chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3, a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive alkali metal and the lightest metal; frequency rank 21733
- iodine — the chemical element with atomic number 53, a dark halogen that forms a violet vapor when heated; frequency rank 22658
- prism — a transparent optical element with flat faces that refracts light, often separating it into colors; frequency rank 23725
- optics — the branch of physics concerned with light, vision, and the behavior of electromagnetic radiation; frequency rank 24373
- stimulus — Something that encourages activity or growth, especially in the economy.; frequency rank 24710
- cobalt — the chemical element with atomic number 27, a hard silvery-blue metal used in alloys, batteries, magnets, and pigments; frequency rank 25784
- infusion — the introduction of a new element, quality, or resource that changes or strengthens something; frequency rank 27366
- stimuli — Things that cause a reaction or response in people, animals, or things (plural of stimulus); frequency rank 28252
- barium — a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; frequency rank 40451
- chromium — the chemical element with atomic number 24 and symbol Cr, a hard, lustrous metal used especially in alloys and protective plating; frequency rank 46184
- gallium — a chemical element (symbol Ga) with an atomic number of 31; a soft bluish metal.; frequency rank 80815
- einsteinium — a synthetic radioactive chemical element with atomic number 99 and symbol Es; frequency rank 309844

### C2
- mutant — an organism, cell, gene, or other biological entity that carries a mutation; frequency rank 6625
- hypothesis — An idea put forward to explain something, which can then be tested.; frequency rank 11795
- arsenic — a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; frequency rank 15380
- plutonium — The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.; frequency rank 16265
- brimstone — An old name for the element sulfur.; frequency rank 25672
- iridium — a chemical element (symbol Ir) with an atomic number of 77: a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group.; frequency rank 35366
- argon — the chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18, a colorless, odorless, largely unreactive noble gas that forms about 0.93 percent of Earth's atmosphere; frequency rank 39705
- fertilization — the union of male and female gametes to begin the development of a new organism; frequency rank 41312
- amoeba — a single-celled organism that changes shape and moves or feeds by extending pseudopodia; frequency rank 42539
- fluoride — a compound in which fluorine is combined with a more electropositive element or chemical group; frequency rank 42660
- hermaphrodite — Cosexual: an organism possessing both types of gonads; a flower possessing both stamens and pistils.; frequency rank 43462
- thermodynamics — The science of the conversions between heat and other forms of energy.; frequency rank 44278
- graviton — a hypothetical massless spin-2 boson that would be the quantum carrier of gravity in a quantum theory of the gravitational field; frequency rank 44946
- quicksilver — the metallic element mercury, especially when seen in its mobile liquid form; frequency rank 48161
- jurisprudence — the theory or philosophy of law and the principles by which legal systems interpret and apply it; frequency rank 48598
- beryllium — the chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4, a hard, gray, low-density alkaline-earth metal valued for its stiffness and transparency to X-rays; frequency rank 50703
- metallurgy — the science and technology of extracting metals, refining and alloying them, and controlling their properties during processing; frequency rank 53017
- ism — a distinctive doctrine, theory, cause, or movement, especially one named with the suffix -ism; frequency rank 56031
- fluorine — the chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9, whose elemental form is an extremely reactive, toxic, pale-yellow halogen gas; frequency rank 57919
- thorium — a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; frequency rank 57972
- jurist — an expert or scholar in law and legal theory; frequency rank 63528
- silicate — chemistry: a salt or ester derived from a silicic acid and containing silicon and oxygen; frequency rank 64642
- bismuth — the chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83, a dense, brittle, crystalline metal that is silvery white with a pink tinge; frequency rank 68412
- vanadium — the chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23, a silvery transition metal used chiefly to strengthen steel and in several industrial catalysts; frequency rank 94945
- bromine — the chemical element with atomic number 35 and symbol Br, a toxic, fuming red-brown halogen that is liquid at room temperature; frequency rank 103358
- promethium — the radioactive rare-earth chemical element with symbol Pm and atomic number 61, which has no stable isotopes; frequency rank 116757
- atavism — the reappearance in an organism of a trait associated with a remote ancestor; frequency rank 128054
- utilitarianism — the ethical theory that the best action is the one that produces the greatest overall well-being or happiness; frequency rank 133907
- epistemology — The branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge; the theory of knowledge, asking such questions as "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", "What do people know?", "How do we know what we know?", "How do we know it is true?", and so on.; frequency rank 136136
- radioisotope — a radioactive isotope of an element, whose unstable nuclei decay and emit radiation; frequency rank 139845
- actinium — the radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Ac and atomic number 89, the first element of the actinide series; frequency rank 143020
- agriculturist — a specialist trained in the science, practice, or management of agriculture; frequency rank 145880
- embryology — the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms; frequency rank 148627
- sensorium — The entire sensory apparatus of an organism.; frequency rank 181803
- technetium — the radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43, all of whose isotopes are unstable; frequency rank 189752
- vesicle — a small membrane-bound sac or cavity in a cell or organism, often containing fluid or another substance; frequency rank 195827
- plasm — biology, now rare: the living substance of a cell; protoplasm; frequency rank 204709
- neptunium — the radioactive transuranic chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93; frequency rank 214946
- hermaphroditism — in biology, the condition of having both male and female reproductive organs, either simultaneously or at different life stages; frequency rank 227866
- protactinium — the chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91, a dense, silvery, highly radioactive actinide metal with no stable isotopes; frequency rank 252607
- integument — a natural outer covering that protects an organism or one of its parts, such as skin, a shell, or a seed coat; frequency rank 264054
- curium — a synthetic radioactive metallic chemical element with atomic number 96 and symbol Cm; frequency rank 266736
- dietetics — the science and professional practice of planning diets in relation to health and disease; frequency rank 289642
- sequent — in proof theory, a formal expression showing that one or more conclusion formulas follow from a collection of premise formulas; frequency rank 306089
- fermium — a synthetic radioactive chemical element with atomic number 100 and symbol Fm; frequency rank 326062
- filum — anatomy and biology: a slender thread-like structure or filament; frequency rank 330455
- protozoon — dated: a single protozoan organism; one of the mostly microscopic unicellular organisms formerly grouped as Protozoa; frequency rank 380326
- conversazione — a formal social gathering devoted to discussion of literature, art, science, or another learned subject; frequency rank 386356
- lawrencium — a synthetic radioactive chemical element with atomic number 103 and symbol Lr; frequency rank 406318
- heterozygote — an organism or cell having two different alleles at a particular gene locus; frequency rank 528032
- homozygote — an organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specified genetic locus; frequency rank 679184
- pangenesis — Darwin's disproved hypothesis that every part of an organism releases hereditary particles which collect in reproductive cells and can be passed to offspring; frequency rank 687105
- monadology — a metaphysical doctrine or study of monads, especially Leibniz's theory that reality consists of simple immaterial substances; frequency rank 698112
- contravariance — opposite-direction variation or transformation, especially in tensors, category theory, or type systems
- timocracy — in Plato's political theory, a form of government ruled by people motivated chiefly by honor and military glory
- visiplate — in science fiction, an electronic screen capable of displaying images or data
- scientifiction — dated: science fiction, especially fiction that combines scientific facts or speculation with adventure and predictions about the future
- copperas — historical chemistry: iron(II) sulfate, a green crystalline compound used in dyes, inks, tanning, and other processes
- tetrachord — in music theory, a series of four notes spanning the interval of a perfect fourth
- sesquialtera — in mathematics or musical theory, the ratio 3:2, in which one quantity is one and a half times another
- connexity — in logic and order theory, the property of a relation whereby any two distinct relevant terms are related in one direction or the other
- spiculum — biology: a small sharp needle-like structure, especially a skeletal element of a sponge or other invertebrate
- vitalism — a historical theory that living things depend on a special vital force beyond ordinary physical and chemical processes

### C2+
- mendelevium — a synthetic radioactive metallic chemical element with atomic number 101 and symbol Md; frequency rank 181688
- rutherfordium — a synthetic radioactive chemical element with atomic number 104 and symbol Rf; frequency rank 775604
- anatomy — the bodily structure of an organism, or its study
- empiric — one who relies on observation or experiment; an unqualified practitioner
- mechanics — the science of motion and forces; the practical workings of something
- photoperiod — the duration of daily light exposure affecting an organism
- soma — the body of an organism as distinct from its germ cells or psyche
- alchemy — the medieval forerunner of chemistry seeking to transmute metals into gold
- axiomatization — the formulation of a theory as a set of axioms from which theorems derive
- behaviorism — the psychological theory that behavior can be explained by conditioning
- cartography — the science and art of making maps
- counterpoint — a contrasting element set against another; combined melodic lines
- horticulture — the art and science of cultivating gardens, fruits, vegetables, and flowers
- hygienics — the science or principles of hygiene and the preservation of health
- mutualist — an advocate of mutualism, or an organism in a mutual relationship
- physicist — a scientist who specializes in the study of physics
- physiology — the branch of biology dealing with the functions of living organisms and their parts
- poetics — the study or theory of the principles and forms of poetry and literature
- revisionist — one who advocates revising an accepted theory, doctrine, or history
- sac — a pouch or bag-like cavity in an organism, often holding fluid
- toxin — a poisonous substance produced by a living organism
- vibratiuncle — a small or faint vibration, especially in obsolete nerve-theory psychology
- infusorium — a microscopic aquatic organism, especially a protozoan or unicellular alga, formerly grouped with organisms found in infusions; historical biology
- monadism — the metaphysical doctrine that monads are the ultimate units of reality, especially the theory developed by Leibniz
- subetherics — in science fiction, devices or systems that communicate through a subether medium, usually faster than light
- nullipore — historical biology: a lime-secreting coralline alga, formerly classified among animals or treated as a distinct group of simple sea plants
- sporule — rare or historical biology: a small spore, especially one produced by a cryptogam or microorganism
- copestone — the final or crowning element that completes something