More nouns & determiners
Plural Nouns
A1
Most English nouns add -s to show more than one. Nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, or -x take -es, and a noun ending in consonant + y changes y to -ies.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
A2
Countable nouns can be counted and have plural forms; uncountable nouns name things we see as a mass and have no plural. The distinction controls which determiners and verbs you can use.
Possessive 's
A1
Add 's to a noun to show ownership or relationship. For plural nouns already ending in -s, add only an apostrophe.
This, That, These, Those
A1
These demonstratives point to things by number and distance. This/these are for things near you; that/those are for things farther away.
There Is and There Are
A1
Use 'there is' and 'there are' to say that something exists or is present. The verb agrees with the noun that follows: singular takes 'is', plural takes 'are'.