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Fixed expressions

Idioms

English fixed expressions — phrases whose meaning isn't obvious from the individual words. Each entry shows the meaning, an example sentence, and its register.

golden path

CEFR C1

the default, well-supported, happy-path way of using a system, opposed to exotic configurations

Neutral

good riddance to bad rubbish

CEFR C1

used to express relief that an unwanted person or thing has gone

Informal

grass roots movement

CEFR C1

a movement started and driven by ordinary people rather than leaders or organizations

Neutral

growth hacking

CEFR C1

using creative, low-cost, data-driven experiments to grow a user base rapidly

Informal

have a chip on your shoulder

CEFR C1

to carry lasting resentment and be easily offended because you feel you were treated unfairly

Informal

have too many irons in the fire

CEFR C1

To be involved in too many activities at once.

Neutral

herding cats

CEFR C1

trying to coordinate or control a group of highly independent people

Informal

hide your light under a bushel

CEFR C1

keep your abilities or achievements from being noticed

Neutral

hold all the cards

CEFR C1

to be in a position of complete control in a negotiation

Neutral

home and dry

CEFR C1

successfully completed or achieved, with the main risks safely past

Neutral

in cold blood

CEFR C1

deliberately and without compassion, especially when committing violence or cruelty

Neutral

in the final analysis

CEFR C1

after weighing all the relevant facts; ultimately

Formal

in the offing

CEFR C1

expected to happen or become available soon

Neutral

in the trenches

CEFR C1

doing the difficult, unglamorous, hands-on work at the front line of a problem or project

Informal

it will all come out in the wash

CEFR C1

the problems or confusion will eventually be resolved

Informal

it will be a cold day in hell before

CEFR C1

used to say emphatically that a particular event will never happen

Informal

it's all over but the shouting

CEFR C1

the result is effectively decided although the event has not formally ended

Informal

jockey for position

CEFR C1

to maneuver competitively in order to gain the most advantageous position

Neutral

joe public

CEFR C1

the ordinary, average member of the public

Informal

jump the shark

CEFR C1

to reach the point of absurd decline, past which a product or franchise loses credibility

Informal

keep a stiff upper lip

CEFR C1

remain outwardly brave and composed during difficulty

Neutral

keep the home fires burning

CEFR C1

maintain the home and its familiar routines while someone is away

Neutral

keep your nose to the grindstone

CEFR C1

to work hard and steadily without distraction

Informal

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

CEFR C1

to destroy a reliable source of future profit through greed or short-term thinking

Neutral

kiss of life

CEFR C1

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation given to revive someone who is not breathing

Neutral

last man standing

CEFR C1

the only survivor of a fight, consolidation, or market shakeout

Neutral

lay your cards on the table

CEFR C1

to be completely honest about your intentions or position

Neutral

let it all hang out

CEFR C1

behave freely without hiding your feelings or worrying about restraint

Informal

let the cat among the pigeons

CEFR C1

To say or do something that causes sudden trouble or excitement.

Informal

let the chips fall where they may

CEFR C1

accept whatever consequences follow from an action

Neutral

live in sin

CEFR C1

to cohabit romantically without having married

Neutral

long in the tooth

CEFR C1

old or growing old, especially when age affects suitability for something

Neutral

mission creep

CEFR C1

the gradual expansion of a project's goals beyond its original scope

Neutral

moat

CEFR C1

a durable competitive advantage that protects a business from rivals

Neutral

monkey's paw

CEFR C1

something that grants what you asked for while exacting a terrible, unforeseen price; a wish fulfilled in the worst possible way

Neutral

moot point

CEFR C1

a question that is debatable or no longer relevant because it has been settled or made irrelevant

Neutral

move fast and break things

CEFR C1

a philosophy of shipping quickly and accepting breakage in order to learn faster

Informal

much ado about nothing

CEFR C1

a great deal of fuss about something unimportant

Neutral

name your poison

CEFR C1

used informally to ask which drink someone wants

Informal

not cricket

CEFR C1

unfair, dishonorable, or contrary to accepted standards of behavior

Informal

not to mince one's words

CEFR C1

to speak directly and honestly, even if it is unpleasant

Neutral

not to put too fine a point on it

CEFR C1

used before saying something directly and bluntly

Formal

on tenterhooks

CEFR C1

anxiously waiting in suspense because the outcome is uncertain

Neutral

on the trot

CEFR C1

continually busy or active, with no real break

Neutral

open mouth, insert foot

CEFR C1

used to describe saying something tactless or embarrassing

Informal

out of kilter

CEFR C1

misaligned, unsettled, or operating abnormally

Neutral

out of the frying pan into the fire

CEFR C1

To escape one bad situation only to land in a worse one.

Neutral

paradigm shift

CEFR C1

a fundamental change in the assumptions, models, or approach of a field

Neutral

pass muster

CEFR C1

to be judged good enough after an examination or review

Neutral

pay the piper

CEFR C1

to deal with the price or consequences created by your earlier choices

Neutral

pay your dues

CEFR C1

to endure hard, unglamorous work early on as the price of later success

Neutral

pecking order

CEFR C1

an informal ranking that determines status and authority within a group

Neutral

penny wise, pound foolish

CEFR C1

being careful with small amounts of money while wasting large amounts

Neutral

perfect storm

CEFR C1

a rare combination of bad circumstances that produces a disaster

Neutral

perish the thought

CEFR C1

used as an emphatic rejection of an idea considered intolerable

Neutral

play hardball

CEFR C1

to negotiate or compete aggressively, without compromise

Neutral

poison pill

CEFR C1

a defensive tactic a company uses to make a hostile takeover unattractive

Neutral

pull out all the stops

CEFR C1

to make the maximum possible effort, holding nothing back

Informal

put one's head above the parapet

CEFR C1

to risk criticism by stating an opinion publicly

Neutral

put paid to

CEFR C1

to bring something, especially a plan or hope, to a definite end

Neutral

put someone in mind of

CEFR C1

to remind someone of a particular person, place, or experience

Formal

put that in your pipe and smoke it

CEFR C1

used defiantly to tell someone to accept an unwelcome fact or decision

Informal

put the boot in

CEFR C1

to attack harshly, especially when the target is already vulnerable or beaten

Informal

put up or shut up

CEFR C1

prove a claim through action or stop making it

Informal

race to the bottom

CEFR C1

a competitive spiral that drives prices, quality, or standards lower and lower

Neutral

raison d'être

CEFR C1

the most important reason for something or someone's existence

Formal

rank and file

CEFR C1

the ordinary members of an organization rather than its leaders

Neutral

red herring

CEFR C1

a misleading clue or distraction that draws attention away from the real issue

Neutral

red ocean

CEFR C1

a crowded, hyper-competitive market where rivals fight over existing demand

Neutral

ride roughshod over

CEFR C1

to impose your will harshly while ignoring other people's rights or feelings

Formal

rob Peter to pay Paul

CEFR C1

to pay one debt by creating another

Informal

rough and ready

CEFR C1

basic and unpolished but practical enough to do the job

Neutral

round robin

CEFR C1

an arrangement in which everyone takes a turn or competes against everyone else; or a letter sent to many people

Neutral

rubber duck debugging

CEFR C1

to debug or solve a problem by explaining it line by line, out loud, to an inanimate object such as a rubber duck

Informal

run amok

CEFR C1

to behave wildly and without restraint, causing disorder or damage

Neutral

run it up the flagpole and see who salutes

CEFR C1

present an idea tentatively to find out who supports it

Informal

run the gamut

CEFR C1

to cover the entire range of possible types, reactions, or conditions

Neutral

run the gauntlet

CEFR C1

to endure a succession of ordeals, attacks, or severe criticism

Neutral

run-of-the-mill

CEFR C1

ordinary, average, unremarkable

Neutral

sacred cow

CEFR C1

something protected from criticism or change, often irrationally

Neutral

short shrift

CEFR C1

very little attention or consideration, usually given dismissively

Formal

siren song

CEFR C1

a seductive attraction that draws someone toward danger or an unwise action

Neutral

skin in the game

CEFR C1

personal risk or investment in a venture, aligning your interests with its outcome

Neutral

sleeping giant

CEFR C1

a large, powerful player that has not yet fully engaged in a market

Neutral

sleight of hand

CEFR C1

clever and subtle trickery used to mislead people

Neutral

smoke and mirrors

CEFR C1

a deceptive or illusory presentation that hides what is really going on

Informal

sour grapes

CEFR C1

disparaging something desirable after failing to obtain it

Neutral

sow seeds of thought

CEFR C1

to introduce ideas that may grow and develop in people's minds later

Neutral

spread yourself too thin

CEFR C1

to try to do so many things that you do none of them well

Neutral

square the circle

CEFR C1

to try to resolve a problem widely regarded as extremely difficult or impossible

Neutral

steal someone's thunder

CEFR C1

to take attention away from someone's achievement by doing or announcing the same thing first

Neutral

straw man

CEFR C1

a weak, exaggerated version of an opponent's argument set up to be easily knocked down

Neutral

streets ahead

CEFR C1

much further advanced or clearly superior to the competition

Informal

swimming naked

CEFR C1

being exposed as unprepared or over-leveraged once market conditions turn

Informal

swings and roundabouts

CEFR C1

a situation where advantages and disadvantages balance out (British)

Informal

tail end Charlie

CEFR C1

the last person or thing in a group or sequence (British, informal)

Informal

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