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Fixed expressions

Idioms

English fixed expressions — phrases whose meaning isn't obvious from the individual words. Each entry shows the meaning, an example sentence, and its register.

out of thin air

CEFR B2

to seem to materialize suddenly without any apparent origin

Neutral

out on a limb

CEFR B2

in a vulnerable position after taking an unusual or unsupported risk

Neutral

over my dead body

CEFR B2

a forceful refusal meaning that something will never be allowed

Informal

over the counter

CEFR B2

obtainable without a prescription or other formal authorization

Neutral

over the hill

CEFR B2

no longer young or at one's best

Informal

over the top

CEFR B2

excessive or exaggerated

Informal

paint the town red

CEFR B2

to go out and celebrate noisily

Informal

par for the course

CEFR B2

Normal and unsurprising for a particular situation, even if it is inconvenient or disappointing.

Neutral

pass the buck

CEFR B2

avoid accountability by shifting responsibility or blame to another person

Neutral

pay through the nose

CEFR B2

To pay a far higher price for something than it is really worth.

Informal

pick holes

CEFR B2

to scrutinize something in order to expose its flaws

Neutral

pick up the pieces

CEFR B2

to rebuild one's life or restore order after a damaging event

Neutral

pick up the tab

CEFR B2

to cover a bill yourself, often for a group after a meal or other outing

Neutral

pie in the sky

CEFR B2

an attractive ambition with almost no realistic prospect of being achieved

Neutral

pipe dream

CEFR B2

an unrealistic hope or plan that will almost certainly never happen

Informal

pissed off

CEFR B2

very angry or irritated about something

Informal

pivot

CEFR B2

to change a company's direction or business model in response to what the market reveals

Neutral

plain sailing

CEFR B2

an activity or process that continues easily and without difficulties

Neutral

play ball

CEFR B2

to cooperate or agree to do what someone wants

Informal

play for time

CEFR B2

to delay deliberately in order to prepare or avoid an immediate outcome

Neutral

play it by ear

CEFR B2

To deal with a situation as it develops rather than following a fixed plan.

Informal

play second fiddle

CEFR B2

to be in a less important role than someone else

Neutral

play the field

CEFR B2

to date several people without committing to one partner

Informal

play with fire

CEFR B2

to take a serious risk that is likely to bring harmful consequences

Neutral

playbook

CEFR B2

a set of proven methods, tactics, and moves for a given situation

Neutral

pop the question

CEFR B2

To propose marriage to someone.

Informal

pot calling the kettle black

CEFR B2

criticizing someone for a fault you share

Informal

preach to the choir

CEFR B2

to try to convince people who already agree with you

Informal

pressure cooker

CEFR B2

an intensely stressful environment or situation

Informal

pull a face

CEFR B2

to make an unusual facial expression that shows dislike, surprise, or amusement

Informal

pull a fast one

CEFR B2

to deceive someone with a quick, sneaky, or unexpected trick

Informal

pull an all-nighter

CEFR B2

to stay up and work through the entire night

Informal

pull strings

CEFR B2

to use personal influence or secret connections to make something happen

Informal

pull the wool over someone's eyes

CEFR B2

to deceive someone

Informal

pull your weight

CEFR B2

To do your fair share of the work in a group.

Neutral

pull yourself together

CEFR B2

To regain control of your emotions and calm down.

Informal

push the envelope

CEFR B2

to go beyond the limits of what is known or accepted

Neutral

push your luck

CEFR B2

risk losing a favorable position by asking for or attempting too much

Informal

put a damper on

CEFR B2

to make an event or mood less enjoyable and exciting

Neutral

put a sock in it

CEFR B2

stop talking or making a noise

Informal

put down roots

CEFR B2

to make a permanent home in one place and build a stable life there

Neutral

put on your thinking cap

CEFR B2

start thinking carefully about a problem or question

Informal

put the cart before the horse

CEFR B2

to do things in the wrong order

Neutral

put words in someone's mouth

CEFR B2

to claim falsely that someone expressed an opinion or made a statement

Neutral

put your best foot forward

CEFR B2

to make a good first impression by showing your best side

Neutral

put your finger on

CEFR B2

to identify exactly what is wrong or what something is

Informal

put your foot down

CEFR B2

to assert your authority firmly

Informal

put your money where your mouth is

CEFR B2

to back up your words with action, especially money

Informal

quick and dirty

CEFR B2

done rapidly and roughly, with little care for quality or polish

Informal

quote somebody on something

CEFR B2

to repeat what someone said, attributing the words to them

Informal

race against time

CEFR B2

a desperate hurry to finish before a deadline

Neutral

rack your brains

CEFR B2

To think very hard in an effort to remember or solve something.

Informal

rain on someone's parade

CEFR B2

To spoil someone's plans or happiness.

Informal

raise hell

CEFR B2

to create a loud disturbance or behave in a wildly disruptive way

Informal

raise the bar

CEFR B2

To set a higher standard of quality or achievement.

Neutral

read between the lines

CEFR B2

To understand a hidden or implied meaning that is not stated directly.

Neutral

red tape

CEFR B2

excessive bureaucracy and official rules

Neutral

reinvent the wheel

CEFR B2

to waste time recreating something that already exists and works well

Neutral

ring true

CEFR B2

to seem true or believable

Neutral

rise to the occasion

CEFR B2

to respond successfully when a difficult situation demands unusual effort or skill

Neutral

rock bottom

CEFR B2

the lowest possible point in a difficult situation

Neutral

rock the boat

CEFR B2

to disturb a stable situation by causing trouble or challenging accepted arrangements

Informal

rough edges

CEFR B2

small flaws that remain without seriously reducing the overall quality

Neutral

rub shoulders

CEFR B2

to mix or spend time with people in a social or professional setting

Neutral

rub someone the wrong way

CEFR B2

to irritate or offend a person, often without intending to

Neutral

rule of thumb

CEFR B2

a rough, practical guideline based on experience rather than exact measurement

Neutral

rule the roost

CEFR B2

To hold the most power in a household, organization, or other group and make the main decisions.

Neutral

run out of steam

CEFR B2

to lose the energy, enthusiasm, or momentum needed to continue

Informal

run riot

CEFR B2

to behave in a wild, uncontrolled way that creates disorder

Neutral

runway

CEFR B2

the amount of time a company can keep operating before its money runs out

Neutral

save face

CEFR B2

to protect one's dignity or public reputation after embarrassment or failure

Neutral

save the day

CEFR B2

to prevent failure or disaster through a timely action

Informal

saved by the bell

CEFR B2

rescued from an awkward situation at the last moment

Informal

scratch the surface

CEFR B2

To examine or deal with only a small, superficial part of a larger subject.

Neutral

seal of approval

CEFR B2

a recognized sign that an authority accepts, supports, or endorses something

Neutral

second nature

CEFR B2

a learned skill or habit that has become automatic and effortless

Neutral

see the light of day

CEFR B2

be created, published, or finally made available for people to see

Neutral

send someone packing

CEFR B2

to dismiss someone or force them to leave quickly and decisively

Neutral

serve someone right

CEFR B2

used to say that someone deserves the unpleasant result they received

Neutral

set eyes on

CEFR B2

to see or notice a person or thing, especially for the first time

Neutral

set foot in

CEFR B2

to enter or visit a place, often used in negatives

Neutral

set something in stone

CEFR B2

to make something fixed and impossible to change

Neutral

set the scene

CEFR B2

to describe the background so that something can be understood, or to create the conditions for it

Neutral

settle a score

CEFR B2

to retaliate for an old grievance or perceived wrong

Neutral

shape up or ship out

CEFR B2

improve your behavior or performance or else leave

Informal

shift gears

CEFR B2

to change your approach, activity, or pace

Informal

shoot the breeze

CEFR B2

to chat informally about unimportant things

Informal

shoot yourself in the foot

CEFR B2

damage your own interests through an unwise action

Informal

shotgun approach

CEFR B2

a broad, unfocused strategy that tries many things at once, hoping one will work

Informal

show someone the door

CEFR B2

to dismiss someone or make it clear that they must leave

Neutral

shut up shop

CEFR B2

to stop working for the day or to close a business permanently

Informal

sign of the times

CEFR B2

an event or development that reveals what a particular era is like

Neutral

silver bullet

CEFR B2

a single, simple, magical solution that solves a hard problem completely

Neutral

sing the praises of

CEFR B2

to praise a person or thing enthusiastically when speaking to others

Neutral

sink or swim

CEFR B2

succeed or fail through your own efforts without help

Neutral

sit on one's hands

CEFR B2

to do nothing when action is needed

Informal

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