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Fixed expressions

Idioms

English fixed expressions — phrases whose meaning isn't obvious from the individual words. Each entry shows the meaning, an example sentence, and its register.

(take) a step back/further

CEFR B2

to pause and reconsider a situation (step back), or develop an idea or action beyond its current point (step further)

Neutral

a bad press

CEFR B2

unfavorable reporting or reputation in the media or among people

Neutral

a bone of contention

CEFR B2

a subject that causes disagreement or argument between people

Neutral

a bull in a china shop

CEFR B2

A clumsy person who causes damage or upset in a delicate situation.

Neutral

a chip off the old block

CEFR B2

a person who strongly resembles a parent in character or behavior

Informal

a dime a dozen

CEFR B2

So common as to be of little value.

Informal

a hot potato

CEFR B2

A controversial or awkward issue that no one wants to deal with.

Informal

a little bird told me

CEFR B2

used to say that you know something while keeping your informant's identity secret

Informal

a matter of life and death

CEFR B2

an extremely serious or urgent matter

Neutral

a shot in the dark

CEFR B2

a guess or attempt with very little chance of success

Neutral

a taste of your own medicine

CEFR B2

The same unpleasant treatment that you have given to others.

Informal

a whole new ball game

CEFR B2

A completely different situation from before.

Informal

across the board

CEFR B2

affecting everyone or everything equally

Neutral

add fuel to the fire

CEFR B2

To make a bad situation or an argument worse.

Neutral

add insult to injury

CEFR B2

make an already bad situation worse by adding humiliation or further harm

Neutral

ahead of the game

CEFR B2

to stay better prepared than others by anticipating future needs

Neutral

all hell broke loose

CEFR B2

a situation suddenly became extremely noisy, chaotic, or violent

Informal

all in a day's work

CEFR B2

a task treated as routine because it belongs to someone's normal duties

Neutral

all or nothing

CEFR B2

requiring complete success or acceptance, with no partial alternative

Neutral

all systems go

CEFR B2

everything is ready for an activity to begin

Neutral

all talk and no action

CEFR B2

full of promises or discussion without doing the things promised

Informal

all the rage

CEFR B2

extremely fashionable or popular at a particular time

Informal

along the lines of

CEFR B2

similar to; roughly in the style or manner of

Neutral

anything goes

CEFR B2

there are no meaningful restrictions on behavior or choices

Informal

armed to the teeth

CEFR B2

equipped with a very large number of weapons and ready for conflict

Neutral

as luck would have it

CEFR B2

By a fortunate coincidence, often introducing an unexpectedly helpful event.

Neutral

at a loss for words

CEFR B2

unable to express yourself because an emotional or confusing moment leaves you speechless

Neutral

at death's door

CEFR B2

so seriously ill or injured that death seems close

Neutral

at the back of one's mind

CEFR B2

a thought or worry that you are vaguely aware of but not focusing on

Neutral

at the drop of a hat

CEFR B2

immediately and with no hesitation when an opportunity or prompt appears

Neutral

back to square one

CEFR B2

to return to the beginning of a task after an attempt has failed

Neutral

back to the drawing board

CEFR B2

to start planning or designing again after an idea or attempt has failed

Neutral

balancing act

CEFR B2

a difficult situation in which someone must divide time, attention, or importance between competing needs

Neutral

band-aid fix

CEFR B2

a hasty, temporary solution that patches a symptom without addressing the root cause

Informal

barking up the wrong tree

CEFR B2

To pursue a mistaken or misguided line of thought or action.

Informal

batten down the hatches

CEFR B2

to prepare yourself and your resources for an approaching difficult situation

Neutral

bear fruit

CEFR B2

to produce a successful or useful result

Neutral

beat around the bush

CEFR B2

To avoid talking about the main point directly.

Informal

behind bars

CEFR B2

in prison

Neutral

behind closed doors

CEFR B2

in private, away from public observation

Neutral

behind the scenes

CEFR B2

happening privately or secretly, not in public view

Neutral

bells and whistles

CEFR B2

extra, attractive but non-essential features added to a product

Informal

below par

CEFR B2

worse than the normal or expected standard

Neutral

bend over backwards

CEFR B2

To try extremely hard to help or please someone.

Informal

between a rock and a hard place

CEFR B2

facing two equally bad options, neither of which can be avoided

Informal

big fish in a small pond

CEFR B2

an important person in a small or limited environment

Neutral

bite off more than you can chew

CEFR B2

to take on more work than you can handle

Informal

bite someone's head off

CEFR B2

to answer someone with sudden and often unjustified anger

Informal

bite the bullet

CEFR B2

To force yourself to do something unpleasant or difficult that you have been avoiding.

Neutral

bite the dust

CEFR B2

to fail or come to an end; to die

Informal

bits and bobs

CEFR B2

a mixed group of small, unrelated items or leftover pieces

Neutral

blaze a trail

CEFR B2

to pioneer an approach that opens the way for later people

Neutral

blood and guts

CEFR B2

graphic violence and gore shown in a film, book, or similar work

Informal

blow someone's cover

CEFR B2

to expose what someone has kept secret, such as their identity or scheme

Neutral

blow someone's mind

CEFR B2

to astonish someone with something highly surprising or impressive

Informal

body blow

CEFR B2

a major setback that seriously weakens a person, organization, or effort

Neutral

boil down to

CEFR B2

to be summarized as or reduced to the most essential point

Informal

born and bred

CEFR B2

raised from birth in a particular place or environment, with traits shaped by it

Neutral

break cover

CEFR B2

to stop concealing one's true position or intentions and make them known

Neutral

break even

CEFR B2

to reach the point where revenue equals costs — no profit, no loss

Neutral

break new ground

CEFR B2

to do something that has never been done before; to pioneer

Neutral

break ranks

CEFR B2

to openly depart from the shared position of one's own group

Neutral

break the back of

CEFR B2

to get past the main obstacle so that the remaining work becomes easier

Neutral

break the bank

CEFR B2

To cost so much that it uses up all your money.

Informal

break the mould

CEFR B2

to do something new and different that sets a new standard

Neutral

breathe down someone's neck

CEFR B2

to monitor someone so closely that they feel pressured or uncomfortable

Neutral

bridge the gap

CEFR B2

to reduce or remove the difference between two things or groups

Neutral

bring home the bacon

CEFR B2

To earn the money that supports a household.

Informal

burn bridges

CEFR B2

To destroy a relationship in a way that makes future cooperation impossible.

Neutral

burn rate

CEFR B2

the speed at which a company spends its cash reserves, usually measured per month

Neutral

burn the candle at both ends

CEFR B2

to work so hard and long that you exhaust yourself

Neutral

burn the midnight oil

CEFR B2

To stay up very late working or studying.

Neutral

business as usual

CEFR B2

normal activities continuing despite a disruption or unusual circumstances

Neutral

butter someone up

CEFR B2

to flatter someone in order to gain a favour

Informal

buy time

CEFR B2

to create a delay that provides extra time to prepare or decide

Neutral

by and large

CEFR B2

generally; on the whole

Neutral

by the book

CEFR B2

strictly following the rules or official procedures

Neutral

by the skin of your teeth

CEFR B2

By the narrowest possible margin; only just barely.

Informal

call a spade a spade

CEFR B2

to speak plainly and directly, even bluntly

Informal

call it quits

CEFR B2

to stop doing something, especially after deciding it is not working

Informal

carrot and stick

CEFR B2

a strategy that uses both incentives and penalties to steer behavior

Neutral

cash cow

CEFR B2

a product or business that generates steady, reliable profit with little further investment

Neutral

cast an eye over

CEFR B2

to look at or examine something quickly

Neutral

cast one's mind back

CEFR B2

to think about something that happened in the past

Neutral

catch fire

CEFR B2

to begin burning

Neutral

catch someone red-handed

CEFR B2

to catch someone in the very act of doing something wrong

Neutral

champ at the bit

CEFR B2

to feel intensely ready to begin after being forced to wait

Neutral

change hands

CEFR B2

to pass from one owner to another

Neutral

claim to fame

CEFR B2

the main achievement or feature for which a person, place, or thing is known

Neutral

clear the decks

CEFR B2

to remove distractions or unfinished tasks so you are ready for action

Neutral

climb the corporate ladder

CEFR B2

to advance step by step through the ranks of a company

Neutral

come clean

CEFR B2

to confess the truth about something previously hidden or denied

Informal

come hell or high water

CEFR B2

whatever difficulties or obstacles arise

Informal

come into play

CEFR B2

to start to have an effect or become relevant

Neutral

come of age

CEFR B2

to reach adulthood or become fully developed and established

Neutral

come to a head

CEFR B2

to reach a critical point that demands action or resolution

Neutral

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