Fixed expressions
Idioms
English fixed expressions — phrases whose meaning isn't obvious from the individual words. Each entry shows the meaning, an example sentence, and its register.
(take) a step back/further
CEFR B2to pause and reconsider a situation (step back), or develop an idea or action beyond its current point (step further)
a bad press
CEFR B2unfavorable reporting or reputation in the media or among people
a bone of contention
CEFR B2a subject that causes disagreement or argument between people
a bull in a china shop
CEFR B2A clumsy person who causes damage or upset in a delicate situation.
a matter of life and death
CEFR B2an extremely serious or urgent matter
a shot in the dark
CEFR B2a guess or attempt with very little chance of success
across the board
CEFR B2affecting everyone or everything equally
add fuel to the fire
CEFR B2To make a bad situation or an argument worse.
add insult to injury
CEFR B2make an already bad situation worse by adding humiliation or further harm
ahead of the game
CEFR B2to stay better prepared than others by anticipating future needs
all in a day's work
CEFR B2a task treated as routine because it belongs to someone's normal duties
all or nothing
CEFR B2requiring complete success or acceptance, with no partial alternative
all systems go
CEFR B2everything is ready for an activity to begin
along the lines of
CEFR B2similar to; roughly in the style or manner of
armed to the teeth
CEFR B2equipped with a very large number of weapons and ready for conflict
as luck would have it
CEFR B2By a fortunate coincidence, often introducing an unexpectedly helpful event.
at a loss for words
CEFR B2unable to express yourself because an emotional or confusing moment leaves you speechless
at death's door
CEFR B2so seriously ill or injured that death seems close
at the back of one's mind
CEFR B2a thought or worry that you are vaguely aware of but not focusing on
at the drop of a hat
CEFR B2immediately and with no hesitation when an opportunity or prompt appears
back to square one
CEFR B2to return to the beginning of a task after an attempt has failed
back to the drawing board
CEFR B2to start planning or designing again after an idea or attempt has failed
balancing act
CEFR B2a difficult situation in which someone must divide time, attention, or importance between competing needs
batten down the hatches
CEFR B2to prepare yourself and your resources for an approaching difficult situation
bear fruit
CEFR B2to produce a successful or useful result
behind bars
CEFR B2in prison
behind closed doors
CEFR B2in private, away from public observation
behind the scenes
CEFR B2happening privately or secretly, not in public view
below par
CEFR B2worse than the normal or expected standard
big fish in a small pond
CEFR B2an important person in a small or limited environment
bite the bullet
CEFR B2To force yourself to do something unpleasant or difficult that you have been avoiding.
bits and bobs
CEFR B2a mixed group of small, unrelated items or leftover pieces
blaze a trail
CEFR B2to pioneer an approach that opens the way for later people
blow someone's cover
CEFR B2to expose what someone has kept secret, such as their identity or scheme
body blow
CEFR B2a major setback that seriously weakens a person, organization, or effort
born and bred
CEFR B2raised from birth in a particular place or environment, with traits shaped by it
break cover
CEFR B2to stop concealing one's true position or intentions and make them known
break even
CEFR B2to reach the point where revenue equals costs — no profit, no loss
break new ground
CEFR B2to do something that has never been done before; to pioneer
break ranks
CEFR B2to openly depart from the shared position of one's own group
break the back of
CEFR B2to get past the main obstacle so that the remaining work becomes easier
break the mould
CEFR B2to do something new and different that sets a new standard
breathe down someone's neck
CEFR B2to monitor someone so closely that they feel pressured or uncomfortable
bridge the gap
CEFR B2to reduce or remove the difference between two things or groups
burn bridges
CEFR B2To destroy a relationship in a way that makes future cooperation impossible.
burn rate
CEFR B2the speed at which a company spends its cash reserves, usually measured per month
burn the candle at both ends
CEFR B2to work so hard and long that you exhaust yourself
burn the midnight oil
CEFR B2To stay up very late working or studying.
business as usual
CEFR B2normal activities continuing despite a disruption or unusual circumstances
buy time
CEFR B2to create a delay that provides extra time to prepare or decide
by and large
CEFR B2generally; on the whole
by the book
CEFR B2strictly following the rules or official procedures
carrot and stick
CEFR B2a strategy that uses both incentives and penalties to steer behavior
cash cow
CEFR B2a product or business that generates steady, reliable profit with little further investment
cast an eye over
CEFR B2to look at or examine something quickly
cast one's mind back
CEFR B2to think about something that happened in the past
catch fire
CEFR B2to begin burning
catch someone red-handed
CEFR B2to catch someone in the very act of doing something wrong
champ at the bit
CEFR B2to feel intensely ready to begin after being forced to wait
change hands
CEFR B2to pass from one owner to another
claim to fame
CEFR B2the main achievement or feature for which a person, place, or thing is known
clear the decks
CEFR B2to remove distractions or unfinished tasks so you are ready for action
climb the corporate ladder
CEFR B2to advance step by step through the ranks of a company
come into play
CEFR B2to start to have an effect or become relevant
come of age
CEFR B2to reach adulthood or become fully developed and established
come to a head
CEFR B2to reach a critical point that demands action or resolution
come to light
CEFR B2to become known or be discovered, especially something hidden
come to terms with
CEFR B2to gradually accept and emotionally deal with a difficult reality
come to think of it
CEFR B2used when reconsideration brings a fresh realization or memory
cover all bases
CEFR B2to consider and prepare for every important part, possibility, or problem so nothing is missed
cross that bridge when you come to it
CEFR B2To deal with a problem only when it actually arises, not before.
cut both ways
CEFR B2to produce both helpful and harmful effects or implications
cut corners
CEFR B2To do something cheaply or quickly by skipping important steps, often lowering quality.
cut the mustard
CEFR B2to perform well enough for a particular need or expectation
cutting edge
CEFR B2the most advanced stage of development; state-of-the-art
dead and buried
CEFR B2completely abandoned, with no realistic chance that a plan or idea will return
dead to the world
CEFR B2sleeping so deeply that you are completely unaware of your surroundings
dear to one's heart
CEFR B2very important to someone and loved deeply
deep dive
CEFR B2a thorough, detailed examination of a topic, problem, or dataset
dig deep
CEFR B2draw on all one's effort or inner resources to overcome a challenge
don't put all your eggs in one basket
CEFR B2Don't risk everything on a single plan or possibility.
donkey work
CEFR B2the tiring, repetitive, and often unappreciated work that supports a larger task
double down
CEFR B2to increase your commitment to a position or strategy, especially after mixed results
down and out
CEFR B2in severe hardship, especially without money, resources, or prospects
down in the dumps
CEFR B2feeling sad, discouraged, or low in spirits
draw a blank
CEFR B2to be unable to recall or produce the needed answer or information
draw the short straw
CEFR B2to be selected, often by chance, for an unwanted task or outcome
driving force
CEFR B2the person or thing that makes something happen or develop
every man for himself
CEFR B2a chaotic or uncooperative situation in which each person acts purely for personal benefit
face the music
CEFR B2To accept the unpleasant consequences of your actions.
fail fast
CEFR B2to test ideas quickly and abandon the failing ones early, learning as cheaply as possible
fair game
CEFR B2a person or thing considered an acceptable target for pursuit or criticism
fall by the wayside
CEFR B2be abandoned, neglected, or fail before completion
fall on deaf ears
CEFR B2to be ignored without producing any response or acknowledgment
fall short
CEFR B2to fail to reach an expected standard, amount, or goal
famous last words
CEFR B2a confident prediction or claim that events soon prove completely wrong