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Fixed expressions

Idioms

English fixed expressions — phrases whose meaning isn't obvious from the individual words. Each entry shows the meaning, an example sentence, and its register.

(take) a step back/further

CEFR B2

to pause and reconsider a situation (step back), or develop an idea or action beyond its current point (step further)

Neutral

a bad press

CEFR B2

unfavorable reporting or reputation in the media or among people

Neutral

a bone of contention

CEFR B2

a subject that causes disagreement or argument between people

Neutral

a bull in a china shop

CEFR B2

A clumsy person who causes damage or upset in a delicate situation.

Neutral

a matter of life and death

CEFR B2

an extremely serious or urgent matter

Neutral

a shot in the dark

CEFR B2

a guess or attempt with very little chance of success

Neutral

across the board

CEFR B2

affecting everyone or everything equally

Neutral

add fuel to the fire

CEFR B2

To make a bad situation or an argument worse.

Neutral

add insult to injury

CEFR B2

make an already bad situation worse by adding humiliation or further harm

Neutral

ahead of the game

CEFR B2

to stay better prepared than others by anticipating future needs

Neutral

all in a day's work

CEFR B2

a task treated as routine because it belongs to someone's normal duties

Neutral

all or nothing

CEFR B2

requiring complete success or acceptance, with no partial alternative

Neutral

all systems go

CEFR B2

everything is ready for an activity to begin

Neutral

along the lines of

CEFR B2

similar to; roughly in the style or manner of

Neutral

armed to the teeth

CEFR B2

equipped with a very large number of weapons and ready for conflict

Neutral

as luck would have it

CEFR B2

By a fortunate coincidence, often introducing an unexpectedly helpful event.

Neutral

at a loss for words

CEFR B2

unable to express yourself because an emotional or confusing moment leaves you speechless

Neutral

at death's door

CEFR B2

so seriously ill or injured that death seems close

Neutral

at the back of one's mind

CEFR B2

a thought or worry that you are vaguely aware of but not focusing on

Neutral

at the drop of a hat

CEFR B2

immediately and with no hesitation when an opportunity or prompt appears

Neutral

back to square one

CEFR B2

to return to the beginning of a task after an attempt has failed

Neutral

back to the drawing board

CEFR B2

to start planning or designing again after an idea or attempt has failed

Neutral

balancing act

CEFR B2

a difficult situation in which someone must divide time, attention, or importance between competing needs

Neutral

batten down the hatches

CEFR B2

to prepare yourself and your resources for an approaching difficult situation

Neutral

bear fruit

CEFR B2

to produce a successful or useful result

Neutral

behind bars

CEFR B2

in prison

Neutral

behind closed doors

CEFR B2

in private, away from public observation

Neutral

behind the scenes

CEFR B2

happening privately or secretly, not in public view

Neutral

below par

CEFR B2

worse than the normal or expected standard

Neutral

big fish in a small pond

CEFR B2

an important person in a small or limited environment

Neutral

bite the bullet

CEFR B2

To force yourself to do something unpleasant or difficult that you have been avoiding.

Neutral

bits and bobs

CEFR B2

a mixed group of small, unrelated items or leftover pieces

Neutral

blaze a trail

CEFR B2

to pioneer an approach that opens the way for later people

Neutral

blow someone's cover

CEFR B2

to expose what someone has kept secret, such as their identity or scheme

Neutral

body blow

CEFR B2

a major setback that seriously weakens a person, organization, or effort

Neutral

born and bred

CEFR B2

raised from birth in a particular place or environment, with traits shaped by it

Neutral

break cover

CEFR B2

to stop concealing one's true position or intentions and make them known

Neutral

break even

CEFR B2

to reach the point where revenue equals costs — no profit, no loss

Neutral

break new ground

CEFR B2

to do something that has never been done before; to pioneer

Neutral

break ranks

CEFR B2

to openly depart from the shared position of one's own group

Neutral

break the back of

CEFR B2

to get past the main obstacle so that the remaining work becomes easier

Neutral

break the mould

CEFR B2

to do something new and different that sets a new standard

Neutral

breathe down someone's neck

CEFR B2

to monitor someone so closely that they feel pressured or uncomfortable

Neutral

bridge the gap

CEFR B2

to reduce or remove the difference between two things or groups

Neutral

burn bridges

CEFR B2

To destroy a relationship in a way that makes future cooperation impossible.

Neutral

burn rate

CEFR B2

the speed at which a company spends its cash reserves, usually measured per month

Neutral

burn the candle at both ends

CEFR B2

to work so hard and long that you exhaust yourself

Neutral

burn the midnight oil

CEFR B2

To stay up very late working or studying.

Neutral

business as usual

CEFR B2

normal activities continuing despite a disruption or unusual circumstances

Neutral

buy time

CEFR B2

to create a delay that provides extra time to prepare or decide

Neutral

by and large

CEFR B2

generally; on the whole

Neutral

by the book

CEFR B2

strictly following the rules or official procedures

Neutral

carrot and stick

CEFR B2

a strategy that uses both incentives and penalties to steer behavior

Neutral

cash cow

CEFR B2

a product or business that generates steady, reliable profit with little further investment

Neutral

cast an eye over

CEFR B2

to look at or examine something quickly

Neutral

cast one's mind back

CEFR B2

to think about something that happened in the past

Neutral

catch fire

CEFR B2

to begin burning

Neutral

catch someone red-handed

CEFR B2

to catch someone in the very act of doing something wrong

Neutral

champ at the bit

CEFR B2

to feel intensely ready to begin after being forced to wait

Neutral

change hands

CEFR B2

to pass from one owner to another

Neutral

claim to fame

CEFR B2

the main achievement or feature for which a person, place, or thing is known

Neutral

clear the decks

CEFR B2

to remove distractions or unfinished tasks so you are ready for action

Neutral

climb the corporate ladder

CEFR B2

to advance step by step through the ranks of a company

Neutral

come into play

CEFR B2

to start to have an effect or become relevant

Neutral

come of age

CEFR B2

to reach adulthood or become fully developed and established

Neutral

come to a head

CEFR B2

to reach a critical point that demands action or resolution

Neutral

come to light

CEFR B2

to become known or be discovered, especially something hidden

Neutral

come to terms with

CEFR B2

to gradually accept and emotionally deal with a difficult reality

Neutral

come to think of it

CEFR B2

used when reconsideration brings a fresh realization or memory

Neutral

cover all bases

CEFR B2

to consider and prepare for every important part, possibility, or problem so nothing is missed

Neutral

cross that bridge when you come to it

CEFR B2

To deal with a problem only when it actually arises, not before.

Neutral

cut both ways

CEFR B2

to produce both helpful and harmful effects or implications

Neutral

cut corners

CEFR B2

To do something cheaply or quickly by skipping important steps, often lowering quality.

Neutral

cut the mustard

CEFR B2

to perform well enough for a particular need or expectation

Neutral

cutting edge

CEFR B2

the most advanced stage of development; state-of-the-art

Neutral

dead and buried

CEFR B2

completely abandoned, with no realistic chance that a plan or idea will return

Neutral

dead to the world

CEFR B2

sleeping so deeply that you are completely unaware of your surroundings

Neutral

dear to one's heart

CEFR B2

very important to someone and loved deeply

Neutral

deep dive

CEFR B2

a thorough, detailed examination of a topic, problem, or dataset

Neutral

dig deep

CEFR B2

draw on all one's effort or inner resources to overcome a challenge

Neutral

don't put all your eggs in one basket

CEFR B2

Don't risk everything on a single plan or possibility.

Neutral

donkey work

CEFR B2

the tiring, repetitive, and often unappreciated work that supports a larger task

Neutral

double down

CEFR B2

to increase your commitment to a position or strategy, especially after mixed results

Neutral

down and out

CEFR B2

in severe hardship, especially without money, resources, or prospects

Neutral

down in the dumps

CEFR B2

feeling sad, discouraged, or low in spirits

Neutral

draw a blank

CEFR B2

to be unable to recall or produce the needed answer or information

Neutral

draw the short straw

CEFR B2

to be selected, often by chance, for an unwanted task or outcome

Neutral

driving force

CEFR B2

the person or thing that makes something happen or develop

Neutral

every man for himself

CEFR B2

a chaotic or uncooperative situation in which each person acts purely for personal benefit

Neutral

face the music

CEFR B2

To accept the unpleasant consequences of your actions.

Neutral

fail fast

CEFR B2

to test ideas quickly and abandon the failing ones early, learning as cheaply as possible

Neutral

fair game

CEFR B2

a person or thing considered an acceptable target for pursuit or criticism

Neutral

fall by the wayside

CEFR B2

be abandoned, neglected, or fail before completion

Neutral

fall on deaf ears

CEFR B2

to be ignored without producing any response or acknowledgment

Neutral

fall short

CEFR B2

to fail to reach an expected standard, amount, or goal

Neutral

famous last words

CEFR B2

a confident prediction or claim that events soon prove completely wrong

Neutral

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