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# broken

**Type:** Word
**Level:** A2
**Part of speech:** adj
**IPA (US):** /ˈbɹoʊ.kɪn/
**IPA (UK):** /ˈbɹəʊ.kn̩/
**Frequency rank:** 957

## Meanings
1. No longer working properly
2. Separated into pieces, cracked, or split by force
3. Not kept or honoured, especially a promise or agreement
4. Not continuous; interrupted in time or sequence

## Examples
- My phone is broken, so I can't call you.
- Be careful of the broken glass on the floor.
- Their friendship was full of broken promises.
- She drew a broken line across the page.

## Synonyms
- banjaxed
- bum
- busted
- fractured
- ruptured

## Antonyms
- intact

## Derived Forms
- breach
- break
- broke
- broken-backed
- broken-handed
- broken-hearted
- broken-mouthed
- broken-winded
- brokenhanded
- brokenhearted
- brokenly
- brokenness

## Related Forms
- damaged
- drunk
- leaking
- piece

## Roots and Affixes
- Root: broken
- Root: brocen
- Root: *brukanaz
- Root: *brekaną

## Etymology
From Middle English broken, from Old English brocen, ġebrocen, from Proto-Germanic *brukanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”). Cognate with Dutch gebroken (“broken”), German Low German broken (“broken”), German gebrochen (“broken”). Morphologically broke + -n.

## AI Etymology
Broken comes from Middle English broken, from Old English brocen, ġebrocen, from Proto-Germanic *brukanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”). Cognate with Dutch gebroken (“broken”), German Low German broken (“broken”), German gebrochen (“broken”). Morphologically broke + -n.

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