Biology & Genetics

Living organisms, cellular processes, evolution, heredity, and genetic variation.

73 words

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Some words in this topic are A2–C2 — part of Pro. A1 words are always free.

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A2 (4) Pro

/ˈsɪstəm/ A set of connected parts that work together as a whole. M S

/hoʊst/ A person who invites and looks after guests. M S

/ˌpɑ.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən/ The number of people living in a place. M S

/kloʊn/ A copy of something made to look or work just like the original. M S

B1 (17) Pro

/sɛl/ The smallest basic unit that makes up all living things. M S

/ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/ A tiny living agent that causes disease by spreading inside the cells of a living host. M S

/d͡ʒiːn/ A part of a cell that carries information passed from parents to children and controls traits like eye colour. M S

/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ A piece of soft, thin paper used for wiping your nose or face. M S

/ˈɔɹɡən/ A part of the body that has a particular function, such as the heart or lungs. M S

/d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ Relating to genes or to the genes you inherit from your parents. M S

/səˈlɛkʃən/ a range of things to choose from M S

/baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ The science that studies living things such as plants and animals. M S

/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ The situation in which a species or group no longer exists. M S

/ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/ The natural place where a plant or animal lives. M S

/ɔʳˈɡan.ɪzəm/ A single living thing, such as an animal, plant, or microbe. M S

/dʒəˈnɛtɪks/ The branch of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from parents to children. M S

/ˈnuː.kli.əs/ The central part of an atom, made of protons and neutrons. M S

/baɪˈɑː.lə.dʒɪst/ a scientist who studies living organisms and the processes of life M S

/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ All the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and their environment. M S

/ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ Relating to the relationships between living things and their environment. M S

/ɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ The study of the relationships between living things and their environment. M S

B2 (17) Pro

/ˌdiˌɛnˈeɪ/ The substance in living cells that carries genetic information and passes on characteristics. M S

/ˈspiːʃiːz/ A group of living things that are similar and can breed with one another. M S

/ˌɛvəˈluʃ(ə)n/ The gradual process by which something changes and develops over time. M S

/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ Connected with biology or with living things. M S

/bækˈtɪɹ.i.ə/ Tiny living things, too small to see, that exist almost everywhere and can cause disease or help digestion. M S

/ɪˈmjuːn/ Protected against a disease, so you cannot catch it. M S

/ˈpɹoʊ.tiːn/ A nutrient found in foods such as meat, eggs, and beans that the body needs to grow and stay healthy. M S

/ɪnˈhɛɹɪt/ To receive money, property, or a title from someone after they die. M S

/ˈsɛl.ju.lɚ/ characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization) M S

/ˈmɛm.bɹeɪn/ a thin pliable sheet of material M S

/ˈɛn.zaɪm/ a protein or RNA molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction without being consumed by it M S

/ɹɛspɪˈɹeɪʃən/ The process of breathing in and out. M S

classification B2

/ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ The act of arranging things into groups based on shared qualities. M S

/ˈbɑ.tə.ni/ The scientific study of plants. M S

/ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/ A tiny living thing too small to see without a microscope, such as a bacterium that can cause disease. M S

biotechnology B2

/ˌbaɪoʊˌtɛkˈnɑːlədʒi/ The use of living things, such as cells or bacteria, to make medicines, foods, and other useful products. M S

photosynthesis B2

/ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use light energy to make energy-rich chemical compounds M S

C1 (17) Pro

/spɜɹm/ a male reproductive cell that can fertilize an egg cell M S

/ɪnˈhɛɹɪtəns/ Money or property received from someone who has died. M S

/ˈfɑsl̩/ the preserved remains or shape of a plant or animal that lived long ago M S

/ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/ An animal or plant that lives on or inside another and feeds off it. M S

/ˈdɑmənənt/ Most powerful, important, or noticeable. M S

/fʊŋ.ɡəs/ Any member of the kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic organism typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular. M S

/həˈɹɛdɪˌtɛɹi/ Of a title, honor or right: legally granted to somebody's descendant after that person's death. M S

reproduction C1

/ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/ The biological process by which living things produce offspring. M S

/ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/ The process of changing to fit a new situation or environment. M S

/ˈɛmbɹi.oʊ/ a plant, animal, or human in the earliest stages of development M S

/məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.əm/ the set of chemical processes by which a living organism converts substances into energy and materials needed for life, growth, and repair M S

/ˈd͡ʒiː.noʊm/ The complete set of genetic information in an organism. M S

/ˈkɹoʊməˌsoʊm/ a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order M S

/həˈɹɛdəti/ Hereditary transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. M S

/ɹɪˈsɛsɪv/ Describing a gene whose effect only appears when both inherited copies carry it; the opposite of dominant. M S

invertebrate C1

/ɪnˈvɝː.tə.brət/ an animal without a backbone, such as an insect, mollusk, or worm M S

/ˈd͡ʒɛnəˌtaɪp/ the genetic constitution of an organism, especially the combination of gene variants it has for a particular characteristic M S

C2 (10) Pro

/ˈmæməl/ any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair M S

/ˌpɛɹ.əˈsɪt.ɪk/ Relating to or caused by parasites, which live on or in another organism. M S

fertilization C2

/ˌfɝːtəlɪˈzeɪʃən/ the union of male and female gametes to begin the development of a new organism M S

/zoʊˈɑləd͡ʒi/ The branch of biology that studies animals. M S

/sɪmbaɪˈoʊsɪs/ The occurrence of two different or opposing things in the same time and place. M S

/ˌɛmbriːˈɑːnɪk/ in an early stage of development M S

paleontology C2

/ˌpeɪliənˈtɑːlədʒi/ the scientific study of prehistoric life through fossils and other remains preserved in rocks M S

/ˈvɛɹ.tɪ.bɹeɪt/ having a backbone or spinal column M S

/maɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ cell-nuclear division in which duplicated chromosomes separate into two genetically equivalent nuclei M S

/maɪˈoʊ.sɪs/ cell division in which one diploid cell undergoes two divisions to produce four haploid cells M S

C2+ (8) Pro

/ˈdʒinəs/ a taxonomic rank grouping related species above the species level M S

/əˈnætəmi/ the bodily structure of an organism, or its study M S

/mjuˈteɪʃən/ a change in form or structure, especially a heritable change in genetic material M S

/ˈoʊvəm/ a mature female reproductive cell; an egg cell M S

/æmˈfɪbiən/ a cold-blooded vertebrate, like a frog, that lives both in water and on land M S

/ɪˈmjunəti/ protection from disease, obligation, or legal liability M S

/ˌfɪziˈɑlədʒi/ the branch of biology dealing with the functions of living organisms and their parts M S

/ˈrɛptaɪl/ a cold-blooded scaly vertebrate such as a snake, lizard, or crocodile M S

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