Space, Position & Direction

Where things are, how they are arranged, and which way they face.

1546 words

# Space, Position & Direction

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 1546

## About
Where things are, how they are arranged, and which way they face.

## Words by Level

### A1
- there - In or at that place, away from the speaker.
- here - In or at this place, where the speaker is.
- right - Correct in opinion or fact; not mistaken.
- out - Away from the inside of a place or container.
- up - Toward or in a higher position.
- back - To or toward the place, position, or time something came from.
- way - A method or manner of doing something.
- down - From a higher to a lower place or position.
- off - Away from a place, person, or thing.
- again - One more time; once more.
- away - To or at a distance from a place, person, or thing.
- around - Surrounding or on every side of something.
- name - The word or words used to identify a person, place, or thing.
- place - A particular point, area, or location.
- hello - A word you say to greet someone.
- left - On the side of the body where the heart is; the opposite of right.
- together - With each other; in one another's company.
- end - The final part of an event, period, or activity
- ago - Used to say how far back in the past something happened.
- sit - to rest with your weight on your bottom, with your upper body upright
- point - An idea or fact that someone wants to express in an argument or discussion.
- close - Near in space or time.
- stand - To be on your feet in an upright position.
- between - In the space or time that separates two things.
- high - Reaching a great distance up from the ground; tall.
- front - The part of something that faces forward or is nearest the viewer.
- line - A long, thin mark on a surface.
- full - Holding as much as possible; with no space left.
- outside - Not inside a building; in the open air.
- fast - Moving or able to move quickly.
- near - A short distance from someone or something.
- sun - The star that gives light and heat to the Earth and the other planets.
- enjoy - To get pleasure from something.
- list - A set of items written or printed one after another.
- difference - The way in which two or more things are not the same.
- above - in or to a higher place than something
- band - A group of musicians who play together.
- correct - Right; free from mistakes.
- wash - To clean something with water and usually soap.
- cream - The thick, fatty part of milk that rises to the top.
- post - The system of collecting and delivering letters and parcels; the mail.
- tall - Having a greater than average height.
- below - In or to a lower position than something.
- piano - A large musical instrument with a keyboard of black and white keys that you press to make sounds.
- sandwich - Two slices of bread with a filling between them.
- orange - Of the colour between red and yellow.
- gray - Of a colour between black and white, like a cloudy sky.
- activity - something you do for interest or enjoyment
- zoo - A place where wild animals are kept so that people can see them.
- pencil - A thin wooden instrument with a grey or coloured centre, used for writing or drawing.
- o'clock - Used with a number to say the exact hour of the day.

### A2
- inside - Within a building or enclosed space; indoors.
- side - One of the flat outer surfaces of an object.
- top - The highest part or surface of something.
- middle - The part of something that is the same distance from both ends or all sides.
- ground - The solid surface of the Earth that you walk on.
- cover - To place something over or on top of something else.
- seat - Something you sit on, such as a chair or part of a chair.
- everywhere - In or to every place; in all places.
- smile - To turn up the corners of your mouth to show you are happy, pleased, or friendly.
- hole - An opening or empty space in a solid object or surface.
- sky - the space above the earth where you can see the sun, clouds, and stars
- camp - A place where people stay in tents or simple buildings for a short time.
- bottom - The lowest part of something.
- hall - A passage or area inside a building that connects rooms.
- corner - The point where two walls, edges, or sides meet.
- dry - Not wet; having no water or moisture.
- shake - To move quickly back and forth or up and down.
- collect - To gather things together from different places.
- thin - Having a small distance between opposite surfaces; not thick.
- mobile - Able to move or be moved easily from place to place.
- thick - Having a large distance between opposite surfaces; not thin.
- knee - The joint in the middle of your leg, where it bends.
- frog - A small, smooth-skinned animal with long back legs that lives in or near water and jumps.
- poster - A large printed sheet, often with a picture, put up on a wall to advertise something or for decoration.
- all right
- lost - Unable to find your way.
- far - At, to, or from a great distance.
- shut - To close something, or to become closed.
- captain - The person in charge of a ship or aircraft.
- ahead - In front, or in the direction you are facing or moving.
- perfect - Having no faults or mistakes; as good as it can possibly be.
- air - The mixture of gases we breathe and that surrounds the Earth.
- lie - To be or move into a flat, resting position on a surface.
- somewhere - In or at a place that is not stated or not known exactly.
- choice - The chance or right to choose between two or more things.
- instead - In place of something else; as a different choice.
- across - from one side of something to the other
- situation - the set of conditions or facts that exist at a particular time
- lead - To guide or take someone to a place.
- space - An empty area between or around things that can be used or filled.
- forward - Toward the front; in the direction ahead.
- position - The place where someone or something is.
- continue - To keep doing something or keep happening without stopping.
- quit - To stop doing something.
- south - The direction that is opposite to north; one of the four main compass points.
- north - The direction that is on your left when you face the rising sun; one of the four main points of the compass.
- reach - To stretch out your arm, especially to touch or take something.
- planet - A large round object in space that moves around a star such as the Sun.
- search - To look carefully in order to find someone or something.
- further - To a greater extent or degree.
- fit - To be the right size or shape for someone or something.
- guard - A person whose job is to protect or watch over a place, person, or thing.
- apart - Separated by a distance in space or time.
- west - The direction where the sun sets, opposite to east.
- upstairs - On or to a higher floor of a building.
- roll - To move by turning over and over, or to make something move this way.
- raise - To lift or move something to a higher position.
- apologize - To say that you are sorry for something you have done.
- east - The direction where the sun rises.
- center - The middle part or point of something.
- pack - To put things into a bag, box, or case, especially for travel or storage.
- belong - To be owned by someone.
- remain - To stay in the same place or condition.
- pretend - To act as if something is true when it is not.
- female - Belonging to the sex that can produce eggs or give birth.
- prefer - To like one thing or person more than another.
- base - The bottom part of something that it stands or rests on.
- tie - A long, narrow piece of cloth worn around the neck under a shirt collar and knotted at the front.
- split - To divide or break something into parts, often along a line.
- easily - Without difficulty.
- based - Built on or developed from a particular thing, place, or idea.
- loose - Not firmly fixed in place.
- chest - The front part of the body between the neck and the stomach.
- ruin - To spoil or destroy something completely.
- avoid - To stay away from a person, place, or thing.
- proper - Right, suitable, or correct for a particular situation.
- direction - The way something or someone is moving or pointing.
- regular - Happening or done at fixed, even times.
- source - The place, person, or thing that something comes from.
- advantage - Something that helps you or puts you in a better position than others.
- rob - To steal money or property from a person or place, often using force or threats.
- deeply - Very greatly; to a strong degree.
- range - A set of different things of the same general kind.
- elevator - A machine that carries people or goods up and down between the floors of a building.
- wave - To move your hand from side to side to greet someone or say goodbye.
- attitude - The way you think and feel about someone or something.
- opposite - Located directly across from something or facing it.
- belt - A strip of leather or cloth worn around the waist to hold up clothes or for decoration.
- title - The name of a book, film, song, or other work.
- entrance - A door, gate, or opening through which you enter a place.
- replace - To put a new or different person or thing in the place of another.
- belly - The front part of the body below the chest; the stomach area.
- sink - to go down below the surface of water or another liquid
- noon - Twelve o'clock in the middle of the day; midday.
- succeed - To achieve what you wanted or planned.
- shell - The hard outer covering of an animal such as a snail, crab, or turtle.
- steak - A thick, flat piece of meat, especially beef, for grilling or frying.
- pan - A flat, round metal container with a handle, used for cooking.
- chin - The part of the face below the mouth.
- inner - Located on the inside or closer to the centre.
- diary - A book in which you write down what happens to you each day and your private thoughts.
- swallow - To make food or drink pass from your mouth down into your stomach.
- elsewhere - In, at, or to another place.
- lamp - A device that gives light, especially one you can move around a room.
- lip - Either of the two soft edges around the opening of the mouth.
- oven - A kitchen appliance with an enclosed space used for baking, roasting, or heating food.
- climbing - The sport or activity of going up walls, rocks, or mountains.
- teenage - Aged between 13 and 19 years old.
- rumor - A piece of information that people pass around even though no one knows if it is true.
- pacific - Calm and peaceful; tending to avoid conflict.
- toe - One of the five digits at the end of the foot.
- explore - To travel through a place in order to learn about it or discover something.
- painter - An artist who creates pictures using paint.
- correctly - In a way that has no mistakes; the right way.
- earthquake - A sudden, violent shaking of the ground caused by movements deep inside the earth.
- camping - The activity of staying in a tent or similar place outdoors for a holiday.
- teenager - A person between thirteen and nineteen years old.
- crowded - Full of people or things, with very little space.
- orphan - A child whose parents have both died.
- suitable - Right or appropriate for a particular purpose, person, or occasion.
- dam - A barrier built across a river to hold back or control the water.
- fork - A tool with a handle and several points, used for eating or serving food.
- scarf - A piece of cloth worn around the neck or head for warmth or decoration.
- additional - more than what is usual or already there; extra
- countryside - Land outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, and open space.
- overseas - To or in a foreign country, especially one across the sea.
- astronaut - A person who is trained to travel and work in space.
- reflect - To throw back light, heat, sound, or an image from a surface.
- aisle - A passage between rows of seats or shelves, as in a theatre, plane, or shop.
- spaceship - A vehicle designed to carry people through space.
- comb - A flat tool with a row of thin teeth, used to tidy and straighten your hair.
- mushroom - A small fungus with a stem and a round top, some kinds of which can be eaten.
- lunchtime - The time around the middle of the day when lunch is eaten.
- windy - With a lot of wind blowing.
- handicapped - Held back or limited by a disadvantage of some kind.
- folder - A place on a computer where files and other folders are kept together.
- right-hand - On or relating to the right side.
- omelet - A dish made of beaten eggs cooked in a pan, often folded around a filling such as cheese or ham.
- seaside - The area next to the sea, especially a place people visit for holidays.
- pear - A sweet, juicy fruit that is narrow at the top and round at the bottom.
- widely - By many people or in many places.
- midday - The middle of the day; twelve o'clock noon.
- disadvantage - Something that makes a situation worse or less favorable; a drawback.
- indoor - Located inside a building, or used or done inside a building.
- plural - Referring to more than one person or thing.
- toothache - A pain in or around a tooth.
- left-hand - On or towards the left side.
- escalator - A moving staircase that carries people up or down between floors.
- stair - A set of steps for going up or down between levels of a building.
- consist - To be made up of particular parts or things.
- snowboarding - The sport of sliding down snowy slopes while standing on a snowboard.
- noun - A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
- guidebook - A book that gives information about a place, especially for tourists.
- washing-up - The job of washing the dishes, pots, and cutlery after a meal.
- sports center
- rest - A period of relaxing or doing nothing in order to recover energy.
- nowhere - Not in or to any place.
- understanding - Knowledge of how something works or what it means.
- underground - Below the surface of the ground.
- chip - A small piece broken off from a larger solid object.
- traveler - A person who is travelling or who often travels.

### B1
- cap - A soft, close-fitting hat, often with a part that sticks out at the front.
- hang - To attach something at the top so the rest hangs down freely.
- entire - Whole or complete, with no part left out.
- stuck - Unable to move from a place or position.
- rid - To free yourself or a place from something unwanted (used with 'of').
- heaven - In many religions, the home of God where good people are believed to go after death.
- pregnant - Carrying a developing baby inside the body.
- lay - To put something down carefully, usually in a flat position.
- blind - Not able to see.
- hanging - Attached at the top so that the rest falls down freely.
- turning - A place where a road branches off from another; a side road or junction.
- universe - Everything that exists, including all of space, time, and matter.
- distance - The amount of space between two places or points.
- gentleman - A polite, well-mannered man.
- access - The right or chance to use, enter, or reach something.
- covered - Having something spread over or laid on top of it.
- cancer - A serious disease in which abnormal cells grow and spread in the body.
- location - A particular place or position.
- grave - A place in the ground where a dead body is buried, often marked by a stone.
- aside - To or toward one side so as to be out of the way.
- central - In or near the middle of an area or thing.
- remove - To take something away from a place.
- properly - In the correct or right way.
- directly - In a straight line or course; straight.
- fallen - Having dropped to the ground.
- presence - The fact of being in a particular place.
- precious - Very valuable or worth a lot of money.
- drag - To pull something heavy along with effort.
- shift - A change from one position, idea, or situation to another.
- parking - Space where vehicles can be left for a time.
- progress - The process of improving or developing over time.
- dump - To get rid of something by throwing it away carelessly.
- failure - A lack of success in doing something.
- setting - The time and place in which something happens, especially in a story.
- bow - To bend the head or upper body forward as a sign of respect or greeting.
- unique - Being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else.
- bound - Travelling or heading toward a particular place.
- guide - A person who shows others around a place or leads them on a journey.
- trail - A path through the countryside or a rough area.
- embarrassed - Feeling awkward, ashamed, or uncomfortable, especially in front of other people.
- bust - To break something, or to break open suddenly and forcefully.
- champion - A person or team that wins a competition.
- virus - A tiny living agent that causes disease by spreading inside the cells of a living host.
- scratch - To rub your skin with your nails, often to relieve itching.
- distant - Far away in space.
- jungle - A thick tropical forest full of wild plants and animals.
- link - A connection between people, things, or ideas.
- port - A place on the coast where ships dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.
- recording - Sound, video, or images stored so they can be played back.
- someplace - In, at, or to a place that is not specified; somewhere.
- apology - A statement saying that you are sorry for something you have done.
- paradise - A very beautiful or perfect place.
- minor - Small or not very important.
- destruction - The act of destroying something, or the state of being destroyed.
- exhausted - Extremely tired.
- necklace - A piece of jewellery, such as a chain or string of beads, worn around the neck.
- pole - A long, thin, rounded piece of wood or metal used to hold or support something.
- internal - on or relating to the inside of something.
- upper - Higher in position than something else.
- superior - Better than someone or something else in quality.
- entry - The act of going into a place.
- mount - To get up onto something, especially a horse or bicycle.
- reception - The area near the entrance of a hotel or office where visitors are welcomed.
- abandon - to leave a person or place forever, especially someone who needs you
- hip - Either of the two parts of the body on each side, below the waist and above the legs.
- satellite - A machine sent into space to orbit the Earth and send back signals or information.
- palm - The inner surface of the hand, between the wrist and the fingers.
- contrary - Completely different from or opposed to something in nature or purpose.
- crossing - A place where you can safely cross a road, railway, or river.
- daisy - A small wild flower with white petals and a yellow center.
- burst - To break open suddenly because of pressure from inside.
- packing - The act of putting things into bags or boxes, especially for travel or sending.
- closely - In a careful, attentive way.
- boot - A strong shoe that covers the foot and part of the leg.
- turtle - A reptile with a hard protective shell, living on land or in water.
- immediate - Happening right away, with no delay.
- lean - To bend or move your body into a sloping position.
- coffin - A long box in which a dead person is buried or cremated.
- arrow - A thin, pointed stick that is shot from a bow.
- located - Placed or situated in a particular position.
- eastern - Situated in or facing the east.
- breast - Either of the two soft parts on a woman's chest that can produce milk.
- ladder - A frame with steps used for climbing up or down, made of two long pieces joined by rungs.
- alternative - One of two or more things you can choose between.
- whale - A very large mammal that lives in the sea and breathes air through a hole on top of its head.
- filling - The food put inside a sandwich, pie, or pastry.
- rank - A person's position or level within a group or organization.
- locate - To find the exact position of something.
- candle - A stick of wax with a string through the middle that gives light when it burns.
- outer - On the outside, or farther from the centre.
- sunset - The time in the evening when the sun disappears below the horizon.
- handy - Useful and easy to use.
- pace - The speed at which something happens or moves.
- collapse - To fall down suddenly because of a loss of support or strength.
- tide - The regular rise and fall of the sea, caused by the pull of the moon and sun.
- orbit - The curved path an object follows as it circles a planet, star, or other body in space.
- encounter - To experience or be faced with something, especially a problem
- phoenix - A mythical bird that burns itself to ashes and then rises again, born new from the ashes.
- Atlantic - The Atlantic Ocean, between the Americas and Europe and Africa.
- compromise - an agreement in which each side gives up part of what it wants
- forehead - The part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline.
- bracelet - A band or chain worn around the wrist as decoration.
- contain - To hold or have something inside.
- bounce - To spring back after hitting a surface.
- leadership - The ability or quality of being a good leader.
- compound - a substance made by combining two or more elements or ingredients
- dot - A small round mark or spot.
- hesitate - To pause before doing something because you are nervous or unsure.
- fold - To bend something so that one part lies over another.
- embarrass - To make someone feel awkward, ashamed, or uncomfortable in front of others.
- fountain - A structure that shoots water into the air, usually for decoration in a garden or public place.
- gap - An empty space or opening between two things.
- orchestra - A large group of musicians who play instruments together, often including strings, woodwind, brass and percussion.
- surrounding - Being all around a place; nearby on every side.
- popcorn - Corn kernels that burst open and puff up when heated, eaten as a snack.
- layer - A single thickness of a material that covers a surface or lies between other things.
- phantom - A ghost or something that seems to appear but is not really there.
- heel - The back part of the foot, below the ankle.
- farther - At or to a greater distance in space.
- opposition - Strong disagreement with, or resistance to, something.
- attraction - A place or event that people enjoy visiting.
- sunrise - The time in the morning when the sun appears above the horizon.
- ferry - A boat that regularly carries people, vehicles, and goods across water.
- comet - A small icy body in space that travels around the Sun and grows a bright glowing tail as it gets close to it.
- backpack - A bag carried on your back by straps over the shoulders.
- sheer - Used to emphasize how great or pure an amount, degree, or quality is.
- sponsor - A person or company that pays for an event or activity, often in return for advertising.
- separation - The act of dividing or keeping people or things apart, or the state of being apart.
- transportation - The system or means of moving people or goods from one place to another.
- teen - A person between 13 and 19 years old.
- aspect - A particular part or feature of something.
- relate - To understand and feel sympathy for someone or something.
- establishment - A business or organization, or the place where it operates.
- partial - Not complete; only a part of the whole.
- neutral - Not supporting either side in an argument or conflict.
- debris - Scattered broken pieces left after something is destroyed or breaks apart.
- flute - A musical instrument shaped like a long tube, played by blowing across a hole near one end.
- glance - To look at something quickly and briefly.
- haunt - (of a ghost) To appear repeatedly in a place.
- bakery - A place where bread, cakes, and pastries are made and sold.
- admission - A statement saying that something, often unpleasant, is true.
- slot - A narrow opening, such as one for inserting a coin.
- sponge - A soft, porous material used for washing or soaking up liquid.
- calf - A young cow.
- runaway - A person, especially a young one, who has left home or escaped without permission.
- surround - To be all around something or someone on every side.
- obstacle - Something that makes it difficult to do or achieve something.
- arise - To happen or start to exist, especially a problem or situation.
- regain - To get back something you had lost.
- postcard - A card sent by mail without an envelope, often with a picture on one side.
- reef - A ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the sea.
- diaper - A soft cloth or padded garment worn around a baby's bottom to absorb urine and waste; a nappy.
- nod - To move your head down and up to show agreement, greeting, or understanding.
- Mediterranean - Relating to the Mediterranean Sea and the countries around it.
- accidental - Happening by chance and not on purpose.
- northwest - The direction halfway between north and west.
- install - To put a piece of equipment somewhere and prepare it so it is ready to use.
- extinct - No longer existing, with no living members left.
- hasty - Done quickly and without enough thought or care.
- occupy - To fill or take up a space or amount of time.
- southeast - The compass point halfway between south and east.
- slope - A surface or piece of ground that goes up or down at an angle.
- spiral - A curve that winds around a central point, getting wider or moving along as it turns.
- frequent - Happening or doing something often.
- canteen - A place where meals are served in a school, factory, or other workplace.
- prominent - Important and well known.
- parcel - An object wrapped up to be sent or carried, especially by post.
- southwest - The compass point halfway between south and west.
- northeast - The direction halfway between north and east.
- shortage - A situation in which there is not enough of something.
- hostel - A cheap place to stay where you share rooms and facilities with other travellers.
- tendency - A likelihood of behaving or happening in a particular way.
- uncover - To find out and reveal something that was hidden or secret.
- middle-aged - Being roughly between 45 and 65 years old; neither young nor old.
- retain - To keep or continue to have something.
- handshake - The act of two people holding and shaking each other's hand as a greeting or to agree on something.
- appoint - To officially choose someone for a job or position.
- waterfall - A place where water flows down over the edge of a cliff or steep rocks.
- assign - To give someone a particular task or job to do.
- outdoor - Existing, happening, or used in the open air rather than inside a building.
- indoors - Inside a building, rather than outside.
- outdoors - In or into the open air, not inside a building.
- genetically - In a way relating to genes or genetics.
- fasten - To join or attach two things firmly together.
- crossroads - A place where two or more roads cross each other.
- tyre - The rubber ring fitted around a wheel, usually filled with air.
- underage - Younger than the legal age allowed for something, such as drinking or voting.
- bedside - The space beside a bed, especially the bed of someone who is ill.
- interaction - a conversation or exchange between people.
- knit - To make clothing or fabric by joining yarn into loops with needles.
- moisture - Small amounts of water present in the air, on a surface, or inside something.
- disagreement - A situation in which people have different opinions and may argue.
- coastal - Located on or near the coast, or relating to the coast.
- residential - Consisting of homes rather than offices, shops, or factories.
- boast - To talk proudly about yourself or what you have done.
- diameter - A straight line passing through the centre of a circle from one side to the other.
- newcomer - A person who has recently arrived in a place.
- diverse - Made up of many different kinds of people or things.
- faraway - Very distant in space or time.
- nucleus - The central part of an atom, made of protons and neutrons.
- upward - Toward a higher place or level.
- widespread - Found or happening over a large area or among many people.
- wither - To dry up, droop, or shrink, especially from lack of water.
- outward - Relating to how something appears on the surface, rather than what is really felt inside.
- uncontrollable - Impossible to control, stop, or hold back.
- campsite - A place where people can put up tents and stay, especially on holiday.
- furthest - At or to the greatest distance in space or time.
- timely - Happening or done at the right or most useful moment.
- intermission - a short break between the parts of a play, concert, or other performance.
- retrospect - Looking back at past events, often understanding them differently now.
- farthest - To or at the greatest distance in space or time.
- nationalist - A person who strongly supports their own nation, often above others.
- illuminate - To light something up or shine light on it.
- internationally - in a way that involves many countries; around the world.
- viewpoint - A way of thinking about a subject; an opinion or attitude.
- restrict - To limit something or keep it within certain bounds.
- sandal - An open shoe held to the foot by straps across the top.
- wristwatch - A watch worn on a strap or band around the wrist.
- innermost - Located furthest inside; deepest within something.
- mountaintop - The highest part or peak of a mountain.
- intermediate - in the middle, between two levels or extremes.
- westward - Towards the west.
- oppress - To treat a group of people in a cruel and unfair way, keeping them down by force or authority.
- biochemistry - The study of the chemical processes that happen inside living things.
- reunification - The act of joining something back together after it has been divided, especially a country.
- snowboard - A wide board that you stand on to slide down snowy slopes.
- enclose - To surround something with a wall, fence, or barrier
- hurriedly - In a quick and hasty way, often because there is little time.
- hand-held - Small and light enough to be used while you hold it in your hands.
- pullover - A warm sweater that you put on by pulling it over your head, with no buttons or zip at the front.
- backache - A pain in your back.
- prefix - A group of letters added to the front of a word to change its meaning, such as "un-" in "unhappy."
- self-service - describing a place where customers serve themselves instead of being served
- earache - A pain inside the ear.
- reunify - To join something back together after it has been divided.
- antonym - A word that means the opposite of another word.
- rewind - to wind back to an earlier point, especially in a recording or film
- throat - The front part of the neck.
- sexual - Relating to physical attraction or activity between people.
- western - In or from the west of a place.
- helicopter - An aircraft with spinning blades on top that let it fly straight up, hover, and land without a runway.
- candidate - A person who is trying to be elected or chosen for a job or position.
- accommodation - A place to live or stay, such as a hotel room or apartment.
- connection - A relationship or link between things or events.
- downhill - toward the bottom of a hill or slope
- misdirect - to direct, guide, or send someone or something to the wrong place or toward the wrong result
- uphill - sloping or leading upward

### B2
- dig - To break up and move earth, especially to make a hole.
- resort - A place where people go on holiday for rest and recreation.
- hell - In some religions, a place of punishment where evil people are believed to go after death.
- moving - Making you feel strong emotions, especially sadness or sympathy.
- commander - A person who is in charge of a group of soldiers or a military unit.
- lower - To reduce the amount, level, or strength of something.
- remains - The parts of something that are left after the rest has been used, eaten, or destroyed.
- alien - A creature from another planet or from outer space.
- abandoned - left empty and no longer used or cared for
- swing - To move back and forth or in a curve from a fixed point.
- mixed - Made up of different kinds of things or people.
- guts - Courage and determination to do something difficult or frightening.
- surveillance - The careful watching of a person, group, or place, especially to prevent or detect crime.
- headquarters - The main office or centre where an organization is managed.
- landing - The act of coming down to the ground, especially of an aircraft.
- skip - to leave out or pass over something instead of dealing with it
- booth - A small enclosed space just big enough for one person, used for a particular purpose.
- trunk - The thick main stem of a tree.
- backup - A copy of computer files kept separately so you can recover them if the originals are lost.
- spin - To turn around quickly and repeatedly on a central point.
- rocket - A vehicle or device driven through the air or space by burning fuel.
- core - The central or most important part of something.
- lap - The flat area formed by the top of your thighs when you are sitting down.
- rub - To move your hand or an object back and forth over a surface with pressure.
- radar - A system that uses radio waves to find the position and speed of distant objects such as ships and planes.
- prom - A formal dance held for students, usually near the end of the school year.
- reverse - To change something to the opposite of what it was.
- ash - The grey powder left after something has burned.
- pearl - A small, round, shiny white gem that forms inside an oyster, often used in jewellery.
- alliance - An agreement between countries or groups to work together, often for military or political reasons.
- infected - Having a disease or harmful organisms inside or on it.
- remaining - Still left after the rest has been used, removed, or dealt with.
- cemetery - A place where dead people are buried.
- rear - The back part of something.
- gum - A sweet, soft substance that you chew but do not swallow.
- corporal - A low-ranking officer in the army, above a private and below a sergeant.
- respected - Admired and looked up to by others.
- scent - A pleasant smell.
- mortal - Certain to die one day; not able to live forever.
- mature - Behaving in a sensible, grown-up way.
- dock - A place where ships are loaded, unloaded, or repaired.
- withdraw - To take money out of a bank account.
- lighting - The lights in a place, or the way a place is lit.
- bearing - The way a connection or fact affects or relates to something.
- pose - To hold a particular position so that someone can paint, draw, or photograph you.
- toxic - Poisonous; harmful or deadly if it gets into the body.
- opposed - Strongly disagreeing with something; against it.
- replacement - A person or thing that takes the place of another.
- flee - To run away quickly, especially from danger.
- corridor - A long, narrow passage inside a building with rooms leading off it.
- resign - To officially leave a job or position.
- housing - Buildings where people live, considered as a group.
- peak - The pointed top of a mountain.
- hollow - Having an empty space inside; not solid.
- interior - the inside of a building, vehicle, or other enclosed space.
- ridge - A long, narrow strip of high ground, often the top of a row of hills or mountains.
- duel - A formal fight between two people with weapons, arranged to settle a matter of honor.
- disposal - The act of getting rid of something.
- owl - A bird of prey that is active mainly at night, with large forward-facing eyes, a flat face, and excellent hearing.
- untie - To undo something that is tied, such as a knot or laces
- waist - The narrow part of the body between the ribs and the hips.
- spa - A place where people go to relax and have treatments like massages and facials.
- disappearance - The act of something or someone disappearing or no longer being there.
- kneel - To go down and rest on your knees.
- justify - To give a good reason for something so that it seems acceptable.
- battlefield - The place where a battle is fought or has been fought.
- resignation - The act of officially leaving a job or position.
- blink - To shut and open your eyes quickly.
- tramp - A homeless person who travels from place to place and often begs for food or money.
- arena - A large building or enclosed space used for sports or entertainment events.
- specialty - A subject or skill that someone knows a lot about or is very good at.
- protein - A nutrient found in foods such as meat, eggs, and beans that the body needs to grow and stay healthy.
- fundamental - Forming the basic and most important part of something; essential.
- cozy - Warm, comfortable, and pleasant, especially in a small space.
- overboard - Over the side of a boat and into the water.
- grown-up - An adult, especially as spoken about by or to children.
- parallel - (of lines or surfaces) Always the same distance apart and never meeting.
- humiliation - The feeling of being ashamed or foolish, especially in front of others.
- stitch - One of the loops or lines of thread made when sewing or knitting.
- unbearable - So unpleasant or painful that you cannot put up with it.
- altitude - The height of something above sea level or the ground.
- intruder - Someone who enters a place or property without permission.
- feedback - Comments and advice about how well someone has done something.
- arctic - Relating to the cold region around the North Pole.
- strangle - To kill or hurt someone by squeezing their throat so they cannot breathe.
- roam - To wander or travel about freely with no fixed destination.
- humiliate - To make someone feel ashamed or foolish, especially in front of other people.
- frontier - The border between two countries.
- chimney - A vertical pipe or structure that carries smoke from a fire up and out of a building.
- marker - A pen with a thick, felt tip used for writing or drawing.
- heap - An untidy pile of things lying on top of each other.
- bind - To tie or fasten something tightly with rope, string, or cord.
- stool - A seat with legs but no back or arms.
- fireplace - An open space in a wall where a fire can be lit, usually at the base of a chimney.
- arch - A curved structure that spans an opening and supports the weight above it.
- closure - The act of shutting something down, permanently or for a time.
- royalty - Members of a royal family considered together.
- relay - To pass on a message or piece of information to someone else.
- daytime - The part of the day when it is light, between sunrise and sunset.
- console - To comfort someone who is sad or disappointed.
- external - On or coming from the outside of something.
- plum - A soft, round fruit with smooth skin and a single hard stone in the middle.
- upright - Standing straight up; vertical.
- litter - Rubbish or trash left lying on the ground.
- existing - Present or in use now; already there.
- bumper - A bar at the front and back of a vehicle that absorbs the impact of a crash.
- vacant - Empty; not being used or lived in.
- ramp - A sloping surface that joins two levels, used instead of stairs.
- retard - To slow down or delay the progress of something.
- dilemma - A difficult situation in which you must choose between two options that both seem bad.
- haunting - Staying in your mind because it is beautiful or sad; not easily forgotten.
- crater - A large bowl-shaped hole in the ground made by an impact or explosion.
- pluck - To pull or take something quickly and sharply from a place.
- teens - The years of a person's life between thirteen and nineteen.
- stance - Your opinion or position on an issue.
- clam - A sea animal with a soft body inside two hard shells, often eaten as food.
- descend - To move down from a higher position to a lower one.
- surroundings - The things and conditions that are around someone or something; the environment.
- backward - In the direction behind you; toward the back.
- fiber - The part of food that helps digestion and passes through the body.
- rim - The outer edge of something, especially something round.
- balanced - Having different parts in the right proportions; not too much of any one thing.
- span - The full length of time that something lasts or covers.
- windshield - The large glass window at the front of a vehicle that protects those inside from wind and weather.
- dominate - To have power and control over someone or something.
- margin - The empty space around the edge of a page.
- digest - To break down food in the body so it can be absorbed.
- eligible - Having the right to do or receive something because you meet the necessary conditions.
- rubble - Broken pieces of stone, brick, or concrete left after a building has been destroyed.
- flap - To move up and down or back and forth, especially wings.
- prevail - To win or be successful in a struggle or competition.
- suppress - To stop something by force, especially a protest or rebellion.
- gateway - An opening or entrance that can be closed by a gate.
- pavement - A paved path at the side of a road for people to walk on.
- correspondence - Letters or messages exchanged between people.
- overlook - To fail to notice or consider something.
- component - One of the parts that make up a larger machine, system, or whole.
- outlet - A point on a wall where you plug in electrical devices.
- intrusion - The act of entering a place or situation where you are not wanted.
- prestige - Respect and admiration gained through success, position, or wealth.
- accommodate - To have enough space or room for a number of people or things.
- disconnect - To break or stop a connection between two things.
- curl - A piece of hair that grows or is shaped in a curved, spiral form.
- navigate - To find the right way to get to a place, especially using a map or instruments.
- ironically - Used to point out that something is the opposite of what you would expect
- axis - An imaginary line through the centre of an object, around which it turns.
- obsessive - Thinking about one thing or doing one activity far too much.
- strand - A single thin piece of something like hair, thread, or rope.
- folding - Designed to be folded up so it takes less space.
- proximity - Nearness in space, time, or relationship.
- conversion - The act of changing something from one form, system, or use into another.
- exhaustion - The state of being extremely tired.
- long-distance - Covering or travelling over a great distance.
- placement - The act of putting something in a particular place; its position.
- showcase - To present something in a way that draws attention to its best qualities.
- installation - The act of putting a piece of equipment or software in place so it is ready to use.
- tack - A way of dealing with a problem; an approach or course of action.
- endlessly - In a way that continues without stopping
- elect - To choose someone for a position by voting.
- recession - A period when a country's economy is weak and business activity falls.
- upbringing - The way a child is raised and taught while growing up.
- sympathize - To feel or show that you understand and share someone's sadness or troubles.
- brewery - A place or company where beer is made.
- concession - something you allow or give up to end an argument or reach agreement
- eyebrow - The line of hair growing above each eye.
- vibration - A continuous shaking movement, or the act of shaking quickly back and forth.
- analogy - A comparison between two things that are similar in some way, often used to explain something.
- nominee - A person who has been officially suggested for a job, position, or award.
- neighboring - Located very close by; next to or near something else.
- rejoin - To join or come back to a group, place, or activity after leaving it.
- landslide - A sudden fall of earth, rock, and mud down a slope.
- hover - To stay in one place in the air, without moving forward.
- flutter - To move quickly and lightly up and down or back and forth.
- hospice - A place that cares for people who are dying, keeping them comfortable.
- overtake - To pass another vehicle or person moving in the same direction.
- birthplace - The place where a person was born.
- impartial - Treating everyone fairly and not favouring one side over another.
- compression - the act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space
- optimist - A person who expects good things to happen and looks on the bright side.
- confine - To keep something within certain limits.
- unpopular - Not liked or supported by many people
- partisan - Strongly supporting one party, group, or cause, often without seeing the other side fairly.
- vibrate - To move or shake quickly back and forth with small movements.
- appropriately - In a way that is suitable or right for the situation.
- nutshell - The hard outer covering around the seed of a nut.
- corresponding - Matching or similar, especially in position or purpose.
- optional - Not required; left to your own choice.
- skim - to read something quickly to get the main ideas without studying the details
- cardigan - A knitted top that opens at the front and fastens with buttons or a zip.
- inhabit - To live in a particular place.
- thickness - How thick something is; the distance between its two opposite surfaces.
- punctuality - The habit of arriving or doing things at exactly the right time.
- compress - to press or squeeze something into a smaller space
- syllable - A single unit of sound in a word, usually one vowel sound with consonants around it.
- splatter - To splash and scatter in drops, landing in a messy, uneven way.
- discriminate - To treat a person or group unfairly because of their race, sex, age, or other quality.
- outback - The remote, dry inland regions of Australia, far from towns and cities.
- coincide - To happen at the same time.
- bustle - To move around quickly and busily.
- revolve - To turn around a central point or axis.
- reflective - Thinking carefully and quietly, often about the past.
- anchorage - A place where boats and ships can safely drop anchor.
- unsuitable - Not right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation
- harrow - A heavy farm tool dragged across ploughed land to break up and smooth the soil.
- applicant - A person who formally asks for something such as a job, a place at a school, or admission.
- downwards - Towards a lower place or position.
- sag - To sink or hang down in the middle, usually because of weight or age.
- thirdly - In the third place; used to introduce a third point.
- exclusion - The act of leaving someone or something out, or of keeping them out.
- desolation - A deep feeling of sadness and loneliness.
- negatively - In a way that is bad or harmful.
- nostril - Either of the two openings at the bottom of the nose, used for breathing and smelling.
- aboriginal - relating to the original people who lived in a place before others arrived, especially in Australia
- tropic - One of two imaginary lines around the Earth, north and south of the equator, marking the edges of the hottest region.
- originate - To begin or come into existence in a particular place or way.
- stockpile - A large supply of something kept for future use.
- subside - To become less strong or intense; to die down.
- globally - Across the whole world.
- undersea - Existing or used below the surface of the sea.
- citywide - Happening or spreading across a whole city.
- globalization - The process by which businesses, ideas, and cultures spread and connect across the whole world.
- rectangular - Shaped like a rectangle; having four right angles.
- suitably - In a way that is right or appropriate for the situation.
- homeward - In the direction of home.
- seesaw - a long board balanced in the middle that children sit on at each end to go up and down
- statewide - Happening across or affecting a whole state.
- interpersonal - relating to relationships or communication between people.
- correctness - The quality of being free from mistakes; being right.
- droop - To hang or bend downward, usually because of weakness or tiredness.
- northward - Toward the north.
- conversely - Used to introduce a statement that is the opposite of one just made; on the other hand.
- eastward - Towards the east.
- displace - To force people to leave their home or country, especially because of war or disaster.
- well-balanced - Made up of parts in good, healthy proportions.
- proponent - A person who supports an idea, plan, or cause; an advocate.
- deforestation - The cutting down or destruction of forests, often to use the land for farming.
- southward - Toward the south.
- handrail - A rail along a staircase, ramp, or path that you hold for support.
- modernization - The process of making something modern or up to date.
- exalt - To praise someone or something very highly.
- ferryboat - A boat that carries people, vehicles, or goods across water on a regular schedule.
- permeate - To spread through every part of something.
- countrywide - Happening or existing across a whole country.
- timeliness - The quality of happening or being done at the right or most useful moment.
- microcomputer - A small computer built around a microprocessor, designed for use by one person.
- outdistance - To move far ahead of someone, especially in a race.
- overbook - To accept more reservations or bookings than there are seats or rooms available.
- habitant - A person who lives in a particular place.
- fed up
- upside down
- hoisting - the act of raising or lifting something, especially using ropes or machinery
- lain - past participle of "lie": to be in or assume a horizontal or resting position
- navel - the small, central scar on the abdomen, marking where the umbilical cord was attached
- simmer - to cook gently just below boiling point
- stow - to pack or store something carefully and neatly in a particular place
- outstretched - stretched or extended outward
- overhang - to project, extend, or hang over something at a lower level
- slant - to slope or cause something to slope in a diagonal direction
- prominently - in a way that is easy to see or notice
- overcrowd - to fill a place, vehicle, or system with more people or things than it can comfortably or safely hold
- congest - to block or overfill a road, place, or system with too much traffic, too many people, or too much material
- tier - one of several rows, layers, or levels arranged above or below one another
- atop - on or at the top of something
- underfoot - under one's feet, especially while being stepped on or trampled
- overarch - to form an arch above or extend over something
- midair - the open air at a point above the ground; the state of being airborne

### C1
- withdrawal - The act of taking money out of a bank account.
- removed - Distant or separated from something in space, time, or degree.
- chamber - A large room, often used for a formal or specific purpose.
- halfway - At or to a point that is the middle between two places.
- nest - A structure that a bird or other animal builds to lay eggs and raise its young.
- grounds - A good reason or basis for doing or believing something.
- suite - A set of connected rooms, especially in a hotel.
- legacy - Something passed down from the past or from a person who came before.
- isolated - far away from other places, people, or things
- inappropriate - Not suitable for a particular situation, time, or place.
- vacuum - A space that contains no matter or air.
- scattered - Spread out over a wide area at irregular intervals.
- violation - An act that breaks a law, agreement, or right.
- inheritance - Money or property received from someone who has died.
- drift - To be carried slowly along by water, air, or a current.
- ruthless - Showing no pity or mercy towards others.
- stray - To wander away from the right path or place.
- irony - A situation that is strange or amusing because it is the opposite of what you expect.
- collective - Done by or shared between all members of a group.
- strap - A narrow strip of leather, cloth, or other material used to fasten, carry, or hold something.
- banner - A large sign or strip of cloth with a message, often hung up or carried.
- spotlight - Public attention or the center of attention.
- descent - The act of moving or coming down.
- bypass - To avoid or go around something, such as a rule, problem, or place.
- spontaneous - Done suddenly, without planning, because you suddenly want to.
- collision - An accident in which two moving objects hit each other.
- recess - A short break from work or activity, such as a pause in a meeting, court session, or school day.
- saloon - A bar or public place where alcoholic drinks are served, especially in the American Old West.
- successor - A person who takes over a job, position, or title from someone else.
- circulation - The movement of blood around the body
- remotely - From far away, without being physically present.
- withdrawn - Very quiet and not wanting to talk to or be with other people.
- vertical - Pointing or going straight up and down; at right angles to the ground.
- liaison - A person who passes information and helps two groups work together.
- bourgeois - conforming to the standards and conventions of the middle class
- parasite - An animal or plant that lives on or inside another and feeds off it.
- momentum - The driving force that keeps an idea, process, or campaign moving forward.
- sarcastic - Using remarks that mean the opposite of what they say, in order to mock or insult.
- layout - The way the parts of something are arranged within a space.
- junction - A place where two or more roads, railways, or routes meet.
- transit - The movement of people or goods from one place to another
- rotation - The act of turning around a central point or axis.
- removal - The act of taking something away or getting rid of it.
- sarcasm - The use of remarks that clearly mean the opposite of what they say, in order to mock or insult someone.
- cavity - A hole or hollow space inside a solid object.
- orientation - A meeting or short course that introduces people to a new job, school, or situation.
- astray - Away from the correct path, place, or direction.
- tribunal - A type of court set up to settle particular kinds of disputes.
- posture - The way a person holds and positions their body.
- confinement - The state of being kept in a closed space and not allowed to leave.
- exterior - The outside surface or appearance of something.
- hostility - Strong unfriendliness or opposition towards someone or something.
- restraint - Calm, controlled behaviour; the act of holding back strong feelings or reactions.
- harass - To annoy or trouble someone repeatedly, often in a threatening or aggressive way.
- restoration - The act of returning something to its original or former condition.
- set-up - The way something is organized or arranged.
- density - How much of something there is in a given space or area.
- proceeds - The money received from an event, sale, or activity.
- ranking - A person's or thing's position in an ordered list, showing relative quality or success.
- adolescent - A young person who is no longer a child but not yet an adult; a teenager.
- turnout - The number of people who attend or take part in an event, especially an election.
- predecessor - A person who held a job or position before someone else.
- hierarchy - A system in which people or things are ranked one above another by status or importance.
- justification - A good reason or explanation that makes an action or belief seem acceptable.
- relapse - To slip back into a bad habit or harmful behaviour after a period of improvement.
- reside - To live in a particular place.
- continuity - The state of continuing steadily over time without interruption.
- linear - Following a straight line or a single direction.
- alignment - Agreement or support between people, groups, or ideas.
- conserve - To use something carefully so that it is not wasted or used up.
- spacious - Having a lot of space; large and roomy.
- spontaneously - Suddenly and without planning, because you suddenly want to.
- interim - Holding a position or in use only for a short time until a permanent arrangement is made.
- self-conscious - uncomfortably aware of how you look or behave in front of others
- situated - Located in a particular place or position.
- insubordination - Refusal to obey orders or accept the authority of someone above you.
- align - To agree with or support a person, group, or set of ideas.
- sovereignty - The power of a country to govern itself without outside control.
- trampoline - A strong sheet of fabric stretched over a frame by springs, used for jumping on.
- circulate - To move continuously around a system and back to the start
- repel - To drive back or force away an attacker or advancing force.
- tact - The skill of dealing with people sensitively and saying the right thing without causing offence.
- elevation - The height of a place above sea level.
- devise - To invent or plan something clever, often a method, system, or scheme.
- line-up - The group of people or things chosen to take part in an event, team, or show.
- pinnacle - The highest point of success or achievement.
- pendulum - A weight hung from a fixed point so it can swing freely back and forth, often used in clocks.
- anchored - Past tense and past participle of anchor: to hold something firmly in place.
- relinquish - To give up something such as a possession, right, or position.
- induction - the act of formally introducing someone into a job, group, or position
- contention - An opinion or point that you state firmly in an argument.
- backdrop - The background situation against which events take place.
- clutter - A messy, disordered collection of things
- sarcastically - In a mocking way, saying the opposite of what you really mean.
- aimlessly - Without purpose, goal, or direction.
- dispensary - A place where medicines are prepared and given out.
- counterpart - A person or thing that has the same role or function as another in a different place or system.
- roundup - A short summary of the main news or events.
- sceptical - Doubtful about whether something is true, right, or worthwhile.
- consolidate - To combine several things into a single, more effective whole.
- occupant - A person who lives in or uses a place such as a house, room, or vehicle.
- wry - Showing dry, slightly mocking humour.
- advantageous - Giving a benefit or putting one in a better position.
- substitution - The act of putting one thing or person in place of another.
- inclusive - Welcoming and fair to everyone, especially people who are often left out.
- wrangle - To argue or quarrel noisily and at length.
- impede - To slow down or get in the way of something, making it harder.
- eclectic - Made up of a wide mixture of styles, ideas, or things chosen from many sources.
- preside - To be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, or organization.
- retention - The act of keeping something rather than losing or giving it up.
- motley - Made up of many different and oddly mixed kinds of people or things.
- suburbia - The suburbs of a city, considered as a place and way of life.
- aimless - Without purpose, goal, or direction.
- wayside - The edge or side of a road or path.
- conformity - behaviour that follows the accepted rules or standards of a group or society
- interject - To break into a conversation to say something.
- dislodge - To force or knock something out of its position
- settee - A long padded seat with a back and arms for two or more people; a sofa.
- comprise - to consist of or be made up of
- fragmentation - The act of breaking something into small, separate pieces, or the state of being broken up.
- incisor - One of the sharp, flat front teeth used for cutting food.
- sedentary - Involving a lot of sitting and little physical activity.
- verandah - A covered open area along the outside of a house, often partly enclosed.
- recessive - Describing a gene whose effect only appears when both inherited copies carry it; the opposite of dominant.
- anticlimactic - Disappointing because it is far less exciting than expected.
- staccato - Made up of short, sharp, separated sounds or parts.
- wryly - In a way that shows dry, slightly mocking humour.
- divergence - A difference between opinions, facts, or claims.
- induct - to formally bring someone into an organization, position, or group, often in a ceremony
- wizened - Dried up and covered in wrinkles, usually because of old age.
- folktale - A traditional story passed down by word of mouth among ordinary people.
- sustainably - In a way that can continue for a long time without harming the environment or using up resources.
- linearly - In a straight line or single direction.
- acoustically - In relation to sound or how it is heard in a space.
- engross - To take up all of someone's attention and interest.
- bulk up
- abdicate - to formally give up a position of power or responsibility, especially a throne
- anoint - to ceremonially smear or rub with oil as part of a religious rite
- centripetal - directed towards the center or axis of rotation
- interstitial - relating to or situated in the small spaces between things or parts
- purgatory - a state of suffering or purification for souls before entering heaven
- revocation - the official cancellation of a decree, decision, or promise
- rove - to wander or travel without a fixed destination
- skanky - dirty or unpleasant, often used to describe a place or object
- valance - a decorative drapery hung along the edge of a bed, table, or shelf
- enclosure - an area surrounded by a fence, wall, or other barrier
- flank - the side of something, especially the side of a body or military formation
- fro - away or backward, now used chiefly in the fixed expression to and fro
- cranny - a small, narrow opening, crack, or crevice
- overtop - to rise or extend above the top of something
- afield - away from home, a starting point, or one's usual surroundings, often at some distance
- crisscross - to cross an area repeatedly in different directions, or to form a pattern of intersecting lines
- thereabouts - approximately; near the stated number, amount, or time
- rut - a long, deep track or groove made in soft ground or another surface by repeated passage
- medial - situated in or toward the middle, especially nearer the midline of the body

### C2
- echo - A sound that comes back to you after it bounces off a surface.
- ironic - Surprising because it is the opposite of what you would expect.
- cosmic - Relating to the universe or outer space.
- solitude - The state of being alone, often by choice and in a peaceful way.
- vicinity - The area near or around a particular place.
- brink - The point just before something important or dangerous happens.
- scroll - To move text or images up, down, or across a screen to see different parts.
- matron - a married woman, usually middle-aged with children, who is staid and dignified
- rift - A serious break in friendly relations; a state of conflict or distance between people.
- vortex - A whirling mass of water, air, or other fluid that pulls things toward its centre.
- barricade - a barrier (usually thrown up hastily) to impede the advance of an enemy
- exorcism - A ritual performed to drive out an evil spirit from a person, place, or thing.
- intolerable - incapable of being put up with
- hoist - To raise or lift something heavy, often using ropes, pulleys, or other equipment.
- provocation - An action or remark that deliberately makes someone angry or upset.
- whirlwind - A column of air spinning rapidly as it moves across the ground.
- cordon - A line of people or barriers placed around an area to guard or block it.
- cocoon - The silky covering a caterpillar spins around itself before becoming a moth or butterfly.
- conduit - A pipe or channel that carries water, wires, or other things.
- pedestal - A base on which a statue, column, or vase stands.
- perch - To sit or rest on a high or narrow place, especially of a bird.
- winch - pull or lift up with or as if with a winch
- seismic - Relating to or caused by earthquakes.
- promenade - A wide public path for walking, often by the sea.
- girdle - cut a girdle around so as to kill by interrupting the circulation of water and nutrients
- gambit - A clever plan or action used to gain an advantage, often involving some risk.
- spatial - Relating to space and the position, size, or arrangement of things in it.
- crouch - to sit on one's heels
- brim - The top edge of a cup, bowl, or other container
- forefront - the part in the front or nearest the viewer
- tenacity - The quality of being determined and refusing to give up.
- euphemism - A mild or indirect word used in place of one that is harsh, blunt, or offensive.
- seedy - Dirty, run-down, and slightly disreputable.
- veranda - a porch along the outside of a building, sometimes partly enclosed
- fabrication - A made-up story or statement; a lie
- derelict - Left empty and falling apart from neglect; run-down.
- autonomous - Able to govern itself or make its own decisions, without control from others.
- coax - To gently persuade someone to do something, often with kind or flattering words.
- blight - Something that spoils or damages a situation, place, or life.
- resuscitate - To bring an unconscious or apparently dead person back to life
- banishment - The state of being sent away from a place and forbidden to return; exile.
- swivel - To turn or swing around on a central point, as on a pivot.
- resuscitation - The act of bringing an unconscious or apparently dead person back to life
- recuperate - To recover, especially after an illness, injury, or exhaustion.
- intermediary - A person who acts as a link between two sides to help them reach an agreement.
- repose - A calm, restful state free from work or worry.
- propel - cause to move forward with force
- stratosphere - The layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, where the ozone layer absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays.
- interlude - A short period or event that comes between two longer ones.
- parasitic - Relating to or caused by parasites, which live on or in another organism.
- cloister - A covered walkway around an open courtyard, usually in a monastery or cathedral
- girth - stable gear consisting of a band around a horse's belly that holds the saddle in place
- ascendant - most powerful or important or influential
- deficient - Not having enough of something that is needed.
- transcendent - beyond and outside the ordinary range of human experience or understanding
- hitherto - Until now; up to this point in time.
- whitewash - cover with whitewash
- retrospective - Looking back on or relating to the past.
- prostrate - Lying flat on the ground, usually face down.
- irrevocable - Impossible to change, reverse, or take back; final.
- intangible - hard to pin down or identify
- overlay - To lay or spread something over the surface of something else.
- floodgates - Gates that control the flow of water; often used figuratively for whatever is holding back a sudden rush of something.
- liaise - To work together and exchange information to reach a common goal.
- collider - A machine that speeds up particles and makes two beams of them crash into each other for research.
- flit - To move quickly and lightly from one place to another.
- duplex - allowing communication in opposite directions simultaneously
- monastic - Relating to monks, nuns, or the life of a monastery.
- loiter - To stand or wait around a place with no clear purpose.
- tangent - a ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a right-angled triangle
- intrinsic - Belonging naturally to something as part of its basic nature.
- oblique - Said in an indirect way rather than plainly; not straightforward.
- proximal - Located nearest to the point of attachment, origin, or the body's centre.
- counterproductive - Having the opposite effect to the one you intended; doing more harm than good.
- oust - remove from a position or office
- foray - an initial attempt (especially outside your usual areas of competence)
- jarring - Unpleasantly shocking or out of place; clashing.
- sandwiched - Squeezed or fitted tightly between two other things.
- allot - To give out a share of something, such as time, money, or space, for a particular purpose.
- resound - To be filled with a loud sound that echoes around
- centralized - Controlled or organised from one central place or authority.
- forfeiture - The act of losing or giving up something as a penalty for a wrongdoing or failure.
- abut - to lie adjacent to another or share a boundary
- embed - To fix something firmly inside a surrounding material.
- gravitate - To be drawn toward someone or something, as if pulled by an unseen force.
- confluence - a place where things merge or flow together, especially rivers
- encompass - To include a wide range of things within its scope.
- snobbery - The attitude of looking down on people you think are of lower class, taste, or status.
- antithesis - The exact opposite of something.
- meteorology - The scientific study of the atmosphere, especially the weather and forecasting it.
- reverb - An electronic effect that adds echoes or a sense of space to a recorded sound.
- unencumbered - Free of burdens, debts, or restrictions.
- distill - To purify or separate a liquid by heating it into vapor and cooling it back into liquid.
- incongruous - Out of place; not matching or fitting the surroundings.
- besiege - To surround a place with armed forces to force it to surrender
- confection - A sweet food such as a cake, candy, or pastry, often elaborately decorated.
- wrack - Destruction or ruin (especially in the phrase 'wrack and ruin').
- dissipation - breaking up and scattering by dispersion
- configure - to set up for a particular purpose
- improvisational - Made up on the spot, without preparation.
- accrue - To build up or accumulate gradually over time.
- hermetic - Completely sealed so that no air or gas can pass through; airtight.
- ruminate - To think about something deeply and at length.
- circumnavigate - To travel all the way around something, especially the world by sea.
- segregate - separate or isolate (one thing) from another and place in a group apart from others
- pressurization - The process of increasing or maintaining the air pressure inside an enclosed space.
- declination - A polite refusal of an offer or invitation.
- octogenarian - A person between 80 and 89 years old.
- tenaciously - In a determined way, refusing to give up.
- concurrence - Agreement between people or in their opinions.
- encumbrance - Something that weighs you down or gets in your way; a burden.
- qualm - A feeling of doubt or worry about whether something is right to do
- haughtily - In a proud, arrogant way that looks down on others.
- spatially - In a way that relates to space or to how things are arranged in space.
- relegate - To move someone or something to a lower or less important position.
- capacious - Having a lot of space inside; able to hold a great deal.
- circumnavigation - The act of travelling all the way around something, especially the world.
- recumbent - Lying down, especially in a relaxed position.
- postural - Relating to the way you hold or position your body.
- incongruity - The state of two or more things not fitting together or not matching, in a way that seems strange.
- encumber - To weigh someone down or make movement difficult with a heavy load.
- promotable - Suitable to be promoted; deserving a higher position.
- echolocate - To find the position of objects by sending out sounds and listening for the echoes.
- unmediated - Direct, without anything coming in between.
- presupposition - Something that is assumed to be true without being stated directly.
- retrospection - The act of looking back and thinking about past events.
- decentralize - To spread something out from one central place to several different locations.
- incongruously - In a way that seems out of place or does not fit.
- intersperse - To scatter or place things at intervals among other things.
- deprecatingly - In a way that plays down or apologizes for one's own actions or worth.
- fabulate - To make up and tell invented stories, often fantastical ones.
- fabulation - The act of inventing stories; a made-up tale or fabrication.
- side-step
- diataxis - a systematic arrangement or ordering across parts; (in technical writing) a framework organizing documentation into distinct types
- space-relation - a spatial relation between things
- leeward - situated on or toward the side sheltered from the wind
- sidelong - directed toward one side, especially in a secretive, doubtful, or suspicious glance
- nether - situated below or beneath; lower, chiefly in literary or fixed expressions
- athwart - from one side of something to the other; across, often at an oblique angle
- undermost - occupying the lowest position relative to other things
- bourne - a boundary or limit, especially in archaic or literary use
- ensconce - to settle someone or oneself securely and comfortably in a particular place
- adrift - floating without being moored or steered
- astride - with one leg on each side of something
- landward - situated, facing, or moving toward the land rather than the sea
- spacesuit - a sealed protective suit with life-support equipment that allows an astronaut to survive and work in space or a near-vacuum
- unaccelerated - having zero acceleration in a specified inertial frame; remaining at rest or moving with an unchanging velocity vector
- downgoing - moving, directed, or tending downward
- embosom - literary: to enclose, surround, or shelter something closely
- cul-de-sac - a street, passage, or route closed at one end
- aslant - at an oblique or sloping angle
- circumjacent - lying around or surrounding a place or object
- appose - to place two things side by side or near each other, especially for comparison or contrast
- pendent - hanging or suspended from above; dangling downward
- earthward - toward the earth or ground
- superincumbent - lying, resting, or pressing on top of something else
- forepart - the front or anterior portion of a person, animal, vehicle, structure, or other thing
- pinpoint - to identify or locate something with great precision
- thereabout - about or around that place or position
- underside - the lower or underneath surface of something
- flexure - a bend, curve, or fold in a structure or surface
- edgeways - with the edge facing forward or sideways, especially so that something fits through a narrow space
- astraddle - dated or regional: with one leg on each side of something; astride
- dais - a raised platform that gives prominence to a speaker, honored person, throne, or table
- circumambient - surrounding something on every side; encompassing
- midmost - literary: situated in or nearest the exact middle
- endwise - with the end forward or toward the observer
- sidewise - toward one side
- wester - to move or turn toward the west

### C2+
- accord - an agreement or harmony between parties; to grant or be consistent
- depress - to make sad and dispirited, or to press down
- ignorable - able to be disregarded or left unnoticed
- agitate - to stir up or disturb; to campaign vigorously
- crest - the top of a hill or wave; a heraldic emblem; to reach the top
- infinite - limitless or endless in space, extent, or magnitude
- composite - made up of distinct parts; a thing formed from several elements
- dwell - to live in a place; to linger on a thought or topic
- compass - an instrument showing direction; range or scope; (verb) to encompass or achieve
- decompose - to decay, or to break down into component parts
- fateful - having far-reaching, often disastrous consequences
- fell - fierce, cruel, or deadly; (also) to cut down
- foment - to stir up or instigate trouble or discontent
- hereabout - in this general area; near this place
- mediator - a person who tries to settle a dispute between parties
- prevalent - widespread or common in a particular place or time
- void - empty or legally invalid; (also) an empty space
- demote - to reduce to a lower rank or position
- fallow - (of land) left unplanted to restore fertility; inactive
- forsaken - abandoned or deserted; left utterly alone
- immovable - not able to be moved or changed in position or opinion
- natal - relating to the place or time of one's birth
- ascend - to go up or rise to a higher position
- boreal - relating to the north or northern regions
- clearance - official permission, or the space between two objects
- coincident - occurring together in time or space; corresponding
- cultch - the mass of stones and shells laid down as a bed for young oysters
- denizen - an inhabitant or occupant of a particular place
- endemic - native to or regularly found in a particular place or group
- forbear - to refrain from or hold back patiently from doing something
- foremost - most prominent in rank, importance, or position
- genus - a taxonomic rank grouping related species above the species level
- muddle - to confuse or mix up; a state of disorder or confusion
- sleuth - a detective; to investigate or track down
- sway - to move rhythmically side to side; to influence or control
- autochthonous - native to and originating in the place where found; indigenous
- barb - a sharp backward point; a cutting or wounding remark
- batten - a strip of wood; to fasten down or thrive at another's expense
- cede - to give up or surrender, typically by treaty or formal agreement
- cline - a gradient of continuous variation in a feature across a range
- defoul - to defile, pollute, or trample down; to befoul (archaic)
- dike - an embankment built to hold back water and prevent flooding
- discord - disagreement or lack of harmony between people or sounds
- expatriate - a person living outside their native country
- footer - text or a band at the bottom of a page or screen
- forgo - to abstain from or give up something
- hunch - an intuitive feeling or guess; also, to arch the back forward
- interlapse - an interval of time that elapses between events
- interspace - a space between things; an intervening gap
- median - the middle value in a range; situated in the middle
- parley - a discussion between opposing sides, especially to settle a dispute
- partiality - unfair bias in favor of one side; a special fondness
- partition - a division into parts, or a structure that divides a space
- proximate - closest in space, time, or relationship; immediate
- resurrect - to restore to life or bring back into use or notice
- transference - the act of conveying something from one person, place, or context to another
- vagabond - a person who wanders from place to place without a settled home
- veto - a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal
- westerly - situated toward or coming from the west
- wobbly - tending to move unsteadily from side to side; shaky
- abandonment - the act of giving up or deserting something or someone completely
- abode - a place of residence; a dwelling
- alight - to descend and settle, as a bird; also on fire or lit up
- ambience - the character or atmosphere of a place
- anterior - situated before or toward the front; earlier in time
- belay - to secure a rope around a fixed point; to stop or cancel
- beshine - to shine upon; to light up
- cocking - tilting upward or drawing back the hammer of a gun
- collocate - to place together, or of words, to occur habitually side by side
- contiguous - sharing a common border; touching or adjacent
- decelerate - to reduce speed; to slow down
- dessertspoon - a spoon intermediate in size between a teaspoon and a tablespoon
- disjunction - a separation or disconnection; (logic) an 'or' relation between propositions
- dismantle - to take apart or pull down piece by piece
- disqualification - the act of barring someone from a competition or position; the state of being barred
- dweller - a person or animal that lives in a specified place
- eccentrical - deviating from the center or from convention; eccentric
- excentrical - not having a common center; off-center; eccentric
- expend - to spend or use up money, time, or energy
- fore - situated at the front; the front part
- forwards - toward the front; in the direction one is facing
- immorally - in a way that violates accepted principles of right conduct
- implode - to collapse violently inward; to break down catastrophically
- imprecate - to invoke or call down a curse upon someone
- ingress - the act or means of entering a place
- juncture - a particular point in events or time; a place where things join
- locus - a particular position or place; the set of points satisfying a condition
- movable - capable of being moved; not fixed in place
- pendant - a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck
- perpendicular - at a right angle to a given line or surface; exactly upright
- radius - a straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle
- ransack - to search thoroughly and roughly through a place, often to steal
- reconvert - to convert back to a former state, form, or belief
- renounce - to formally give up or reject a claim, right, or belief
- residency - the fact of living in a place, or a period of specialized training
- residuum - a remainder or residue left after a process is complete
- resile - to draw back from an agreement or commitment; to spring back
- retract - to withdraw a statement, or to draw something back in
- revoke - to officially cancel or withdraw a decision, right, or permission
- sanctuary - a place of refuge, safety, or worship
- skinny - very thin or lean; also, inside information (slang)
- southerly - situated toward or coming from the south
- stationary - not moving; fixed in one place
- submerge - to put or sink below the surface of a liquid
- tilt - to move into a sloping position; a slope or inclination
- turbid - cloudy or muddy from stirred-up sediment; confused or unclear
- vacate - to leave a place empty; to give up an office or position
- velocity - speed in a given direction; rapidity of motion
- vest - a sleeveless garment; to confer or become entitled to a right
- waive - to relinquish a right or claim voluntarily; to refrain from enforcing
- waken - to wake up or rouse from sleep
- wristband - a band worn around the wrist, as on a watch or for entry
- abreast - side by side and facing the same way; up to date with
- acceleration - the rate of increase of speed or, more generally, the act of speeding up
- accumulator - a person or device that gathers or stores up, such as a rechargeable battery
- admittance - the act of permitting entry; the right to enter
- anaconda - a large non-venomous constricting snake of tropical South America
- anyplace - in, at, or to any place; anywhere (informal)
- arbitrate - to settle a dispute by acting as an impartial judge between parties
- argumentation - the action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea or position
- austral - of or relating to the south; southern
- beleave - to leave remaining; to be left behind (archaic)
- bookmarker - a strip or object placed in a book to mark one's place
- borderland - land near a border between two countries or regions; an intermediate area
- breadth - the distance from side to side; wide range or scope
- caesura - a pause near the middle of a line of verse; any interruptive break
- capstone - a crowning achievement; the top stone of a structure
- challenger - one who challenges, especially for a title or position
- chickadee - a small North American songbird of the tit family with a dark cap
- circumscribe - to restrict within limits; to draw a line around
- coexist - to exist at the same time or in the same place, especially peacefully
- coitus - sexual intercourse between two individuals
- concord - agreement or harmony between people or things
- contrarily - in the opposite way; on the other hand
- creeper - a plant that grows along the ground or up surfaces by clinging
- cyclone - a violent rotating windstorm; a system of winds circling a low-pressure center
- decomposed - broken down by decay; rotted into simpler substances
- deject - to cast down in spirits; to dishearten
- diplomacy - the management of relations between nations or the skill of tactful negotiation
- divisive - tending to cause disagreement or hostility between people
- duchess - the wife or widow of a duke, or a woman holding a duchy in her own right
- duke - a nobleman of the highest hereditary rank below a prince
- dyke - an embankment built to hold back water; a ditch or channel
- encampment - a place where a group, especially troops, sets up camp
- enfold - to wrap up or surround, especially in an embrace
- entree - the main course of a meal, or the right of admission
- envelop - to wrap up, cover, or surround completely
- exagitate - to agitate or stir up greatly; to harass
- fisher - a person who catches fish; a large North American marten
- forestage - the part of a stage in front of the curtain; the apron
- gat - a pistol or handgun (slang); also a channel between sandbanks
- guidepost - a sign giving direction; a guiding principle or marker
- heading - a title or caption at the top of a section of text
- hither - to or toward this place
- horizontal - parallel to the horizon; level and flat
- illumine - to light up or enlighten, literally or spiritually
- impendent - impending; about to happen or threateningly near
- impulsion - the act of driving forward, or a strong inner urge to act
- incumbency - the holding of an office or position, or its term
- inferno - a large, fierce, and destructive fire; a place of torment
- inhabitancy - the state of dwelling in a place; residence or occupancy
- intersect - to cross or cut across one another; to share common points
- inward - directed toward the inside; situated within or in the mind
- joker - a person who jokes; a playing card outside the normal suits
- knapsack - a bag carried on the back for provisions or equipment
- laden - heavily loaded or weighed down
- landslip - a landslide; a collapse of earth down a slope
- lodging - a temporary place to stay; rented accommodation
- marrow - the soft tissue inside bones; the innermost or vital part
- mateship - camaraderie and loyalty between friends, especially in Australian usage
- meridional - of the south or a meridian; characteristic of southern peoples
- middleman - an intermediary who trades between producer and consumer
- miscellaneous - made up of various, unrelated kinds
- misguide - to lead in the wrong direction; to mislead
- muffled - deadened or made quieter; wrapped up to deaden sound
- nadir - the lowest or most unsuccessful point; the point opposite the zenith
- nearness - the state of being close in space, time, or relationship
- nighttime - the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise
- nomadic - living by moving from place to place rather than settling permanently
- noonday - midday; the middle of the day
- obverse - the front or principal side of a coin or medal; a counterpart
- opposing - in conflict or contrast with; on the other side
- orient - to align or position relative to surroundings; to familiarize with a situation
- orthogonal - at right angles; statistically independent or unrelated
- outermost - furthest from the center; most external
- pact - a formal agreement or treaty between parties
- perverted - distorted or corrupted from what is right or natural
- pollard - a tree cut back to the trunk to promote dense growth, or to prune thus
- procession - a group moving forward in an orderly line
- prolongation - the act of extending in time or space
- rearwards - toward the back or rear
- reassemble - to put back together or gather again
- rectangle - a four-sided figure with four right angles
- reinstate - to restore to a former position or condition
- relocate - to move to a new place
- relocation - the act of moving to a new location
- remand - to send back into custody or to a lower court
- renunciation - the formal giving up of a right or claim
- repository - a place where things are stored or kept
- retrograde - directed or moving backward, or reverting to a worse state
- reversal - a change to an opposite direction, position, or decision
- roomy - having plenty of space; spacious
- rucksack - a bag with shoulder straps carried on the back; a backpack
- septentrional - of or relating to the north; northern
- simplex - consisting of or permitting only one part, direction, or operation
- situate - to place or position in a particular location or context
- starboard - the right-hand side of a ship or aircraft when facing forward
- stead - the place or role that someone or something would otherwise occupy
- steeple - a tall tower with a spire on top of a church
- steering - the action or mechanism of guiding a vehicle's direction
- stupor - a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
- subaqueous - formed, found, or taking place under water
- surmount - to overcome a difficulty or rise above an obstacle
- transportable - able to be carried or moved from place to place
- treasury - a place or fund in which valuables or public revenues are kept
- unconformity - lack of conformity; a surface of contact between rock strata of differing age
- vagrant - a person without a settled home or regular work who wanders from place to place
- vantage - a position or place affording a good view or advantage
- wiggle - to move with small, quick movements from side to side
- ablaze - burning fiercely or brightly lit up
- abraid - to start up suddenly; to awake or rouse oneself
- absorption - the process of taking in or soaking up, or deep mental engagement
- accumbent - reclining or leaning, as in lying down at a meal
- acting - the art of performing a role, or serving temporarily in a position
- adduce - to cite or bring forward as evidence or proof
- advantageously - in a way that confers benefit or favorable position
- ambisyllabic - of a consonant belonging to two adjacent syllables at once
- ambush - a surprise attack from a concealed position
- antagonism - active hostility or opposition between people or forces
- appropriator - a person who takes something for their own use, often without right
- arbitration - the settling of a dispute by an impartial third party outside court
- aright - correctly or properly; in the right way
- arriver - a person who arrives, especially one newly come to a place
- askew - not straight or level; to one side, crooked
- aspirant - a person who aspires to a position, office, or distinction
- atemporal - existing outside of or unaffected by the passage of time
- atmospherics - electrical interference in radio, or the mood-setting features of a place
- autochthonal - native to or originating in the place where found; indigenous
- backpedal - to reverse one's previous opinion or position
- backsight - a surveyor's sighting back to a known point, or the rear sight of a gun
- backwash - the backward flow of water, or unwelcome aftereffects of an event
- bangtail - a horse with its tail cut squarely across; informally, a racehorse
- barkery - a place where bark is stored or stripped, as for tanning
- beakhead - the projecting forward part of an old sailing ship's bow
- bequest - something left to someone in a will; a legacy
- billabong - an Australian backwater or stagnant pool left by a river
- birthright - a right, privilege, or possession to which a person is entitled by birth
- blackwash - to defame or expose discreditable facts about someone; the opposite of whitewash
- blanketflower - a North American daisy-like wildflower of the genus Gaillardia with vivid red-yellow blooms
- blockade - the sealing off of a place to prevent goods or people entering or leaving
- blot - a dark stain or spot; to stain or to soak up liquid
- bob - to move quickly up and down; a short haircut or a small weight
- broadside - a simultaneous firing of all guns on one side of a ship; a strong verbal attack
- broker - an agent who arranges deals between buyers and sellers; to negotiate a deal
- bunchflower - a North American marsh plant of the genus Melanthium bearing clustered flowers
- burgher - a citizen of a town, especially a prosperous middle-class one
- buttermilk - the tangy liquid left after churning butter, used in baking
- canine - of or like dogs; a pointed tooth between the incisors and premolars
- castaway - a person stranded after a shipwreck or in an isolated place
- caudal - of, at, or near the tail or hind part
- centering - the act of placing at or moving toward the center; a temporary support for an arch
- centrally - in or from a central position or authority
- chancel - the part of a church near the altar, reserved for clergy and choir
- checkmate - a chess position in which the king is trapped and the game ends
- chug - to move with or make a dull repeated engine sound; to gulp down a drink
- clearing - an open space in a forest; the settling of accounts between banks
- coexistence - the state of existing together at the same time or place
- concourse - a large open space where crowds gather, as in a station
- conk - to hit on the head, or (of a machine) to break down suddenly
- constructive - serving to build up or improve; helpful rather than destructive
- consumable - able to be used up or eaten; an item intended to be consumed
- contrariwise - on the contrary; in the opposite way
- contrastive - showing or emphasizing differences between things
- coronet - a small crown worn by nobility below the rank of sovereign
- currentness - the state of being current or up to date
- delegacy - a body of delegates; the position of a delegate
- demission - the act of relinquishing an office or position; abdication or resignation
- demit - to resign from or relinquish an office, position, or membership
- desecrate - to treat a sacred place or thing with violent disrespect
- desperado - a bold, reckless criminal or outlaw, especially of the old West
- dicky - unsound or unsteady; or a detachable shirt front
- disinter - to dig up something that has been buried, especially a corpse
- disparity - a great difference or inequality between things
- displacement - the act of moving something from its place or the resulting shift
- dissympathy - absence or opposite of sympathy; antipathy (rare)
- disunion - the breaking up of a union; separation or discord
- diversified - varied; spread across different kinds to reduce risk
- doorsill - the horizontal threshold at the bottom of a doorway
- downwardly - in a downward direction or toward a lower level
- dragnet - a systematic search for criminals; a net drawn along the bottom
- drifter - a person who moves aimlessly from place to place or job to job
- easterly - situated toward or coming from the east
- eden - a place of unspoiled happiness or delight
- encircle - to form a circle around; surround
- encoffin - to place in a coffin (rare or literary)
- endorser - a person who publicly approves or signs the back of a document
- entomb - to place in a tomb; to bury or enclose as in a grave
- entranceway - a passage or opening forming the entrance to a place
- equipoise - a state of equilibrium or balance between opposing forces
- evocation - the act of calling up or summoning a memory, feeling, or spirit
- expendable - able to be sacrificed or used up as not essential
- expulsion - the act of forcing someone to leave a place or organization
- externally - on or from the outside; in external respects
- extraparliamentary - occurring or acting outside the bounds of parliament
- extratemporal - existing or occurring outside of time, or beyond the temporal bone region
- facade - the front exterior of a building, or a deceptive outward appearance
- feague - archaic: to whip, beat, or liven up, especially a horse
- fess - informal: to confess; also a horizontal band across a heraldic shield
- footing - a secure grip for the feet; a basis or established position
- forlet - to abandon, relinquish, or give up
- fundus - the base or interior surface of a hollow organ opposite its opening
- gage - a pledge or token of challenge thrown down; to pledge
- gam - a social visit between whaling ships; a school of whales; a leg
- garrison - troops stationed in a fortress; to station troops in a place
- gauntlet - an armored glove; an ordeal or punishment run between two rows
- gazetteer - a geographical dictionary or index of place names
- habitue - a person who frequents a particular place
- halo - a ring of light around the head of a sacred figure or a luminous circle in the sky
- heirloom - a valued object passed down through generations of a family
- herefrom - from this place or source (archaic)
- heretofore - before now; up until this time
- hind - situated at the back; also a female red deer
- hollowness - the state of being empty inside; insincerity or emptiness of feeling
- illfare - misfortune, hardship, or distress; the opposite of welfare
- illume - to light up or illuminate
- imbalance - a lack of proportion or equilibrium between things
- impasse - a deadlock or situation from which there is no escape
- impel - to drive or urge forward; to compel to act
- incomer - a person who comes to live in or enter a place from elsewhere
- incoming - coming in or arriving; about to take up a position
- incongruence - lack of harmony or agreement between things
- incongruousness - the quality of being out of place or inconsistent with surroundings
- indentation - a notch or recess, or a blank space at the start of a line of text
- indestructible - impossible to destroy or break down
- indorse - to endorse; to sign the back of a document or give approval
- infix - an affix inserted within a word, or to fix something firmly inside
- inflow - the movement of something into a place; an influx
- inhibition - a feeling or process that restrains or holds back an action or impulse
- inshore - situated in or moving toward the water near the shore
- interactional - relating to interaction between people or things
- interdependence - the condition of mutual dependence between parties or things
- interepidemic - occurring in the period between successive epidemics
- interindividual - occurring or existing between separate individuals
- intermediation - the action of mediating between parties, especially in finance
- intermezzo - a short musical or dramatic piece performed between larger movements or acts
- internally - on or within the inside; in one's mind or within an organization
- interparliamentary - existing or conducted between parliaments or their members
- interpolation - the insertion of something extra, or estimation of values between known points
- interpose - to place or insert between; to intervene with a remark or action
- interposition - the act of placing between, or of intervening
- interregnum - an interval between two reigns or governments; a pause in continuity
- interrelation - a mutual or reciprocal relation between things
- interstice - a small intervening space or gap between things
- intertropical - situated or occurring between the tropics
- inverse - opposite in order, direction, or effect; a thing that is the reverse of another
- inversion - a reversal of position, order, or relationship
- invert - to turn upside down or reverse in position or order
- itinerant - traveling from place to place, especially for work
- jounce - to jolt or bounce up and down
- juxtaposition - the placing of things side by side for contrast or comparison
- lectern - a tall stand with a sloped top for holding a book or notes for a speaker
- lickpenny - something that consumes money; a costly thing or place
- lintel - a horizontal beam across the top of a door or window
- liquidation - the winding up of a company by selling assets to pay debts
- liquidator - a person appointed to wind up a company's affairs in liquidation
- localization - the adaptation of something to a particular place or market
- localize - to confine to or adapt for a particular place
- locator - a device or system that finds the position of something
- locomotor - relating to or capable of movement from place to place
- lop - to cut off branches or parts; a hanging-down posture
- lunge - a sudden forward thrust of the body, or to make such a movement
- manufactory - a factory; an archaic term for a place where goods are made
- marchland - a borderland or frontier region between two territories
- marquess - a nobleman ranking below a duke and above an earl
- mart - a market or trading center
- medially - in or toward the middle; situated centrally
- midafternoon - the middle part of the afternoon
- midriff - the front of the body between the chest and the waist
- migratory - characterized by or relating to seasonal movement between regions
- mislay - to put something in a place later forgotten; lose temporarily
- mistress - a woman in a position of authority or control, or a man's lover
- momentous - of great importance or far-reaching consequence
- moonrise - the rising of the moon above the horizon, or the time it occurs
- nighness - the state of being near; nearness
- northerly - toward or coming from the north
- oasis - a fertile spot in a desert; a place of refuge or calm
- obliviousness - the state of being unaware of or not noticing what is happening around one
- obsequent - of a stream, flowing in a direction opposite to the dip of the underlying strata
- occupancy - the act of occupying or using a space, or the proportion so used
- occurrent - occurring or happening at the present moment; actually taking place
- onrush - a sudden surging or forward rush of something
- optionary - of or relating to options; left to one's choice
- oscillation - a regular movement back and forth between two points or states
- osculation - the act of kissing; in geometry, contact of a high order between curves
- outclass - to be far superior to; to surpass decisively in quality or skill
- outlying - situated far from a center; remote or peripheral
- outwards - toward the outside; away from a center
- oversea - across or beyond the sea; overseas (archaic or literary form)
- packsack - a bag carried on the back for transporting supplies, a knapsack
- passageway - a corridor or narrow way allowing passage between places
- patronship - the position or function of a patron
- peddle - to sell goods, especially in small quantities by going from place to place
- pessimal - least favorable or worst possible, the opposite of optimal
- phylum - a principal taxonomic category ranking above class and below kingdom
- pillar - an upright vertical support, or a person regarded as a mainstay
- plunk - to set down or drop heavily; a dull abrupt sound
- polar - relating to the North or South Pole; directly opposite in character
- pressive - tending to press; oppressive or weighing down (rare)
- presumptuous - overstepping due bounds; arrogantly bold or forward
- propinquity - nearness in place, time, or relationship; proximity
- propone - to propose or put forward, especially formally in Scots law
- proscenium - the part of a theatre stage in front of the curtain, or its framing arch
- pseudonym - a fictitious name used by an author in place of their real one
- quits - on even terms with someone, owing nothing to either side
- rearward - toward or at the back; situated to the rear
- recede - to move back or away; to grow fainter or more distant
- recline - to lean or lie back in a relaxed position
- recoil - to draw back suddenly in fear or disgust; the backward kick of a gun
- refraction - the bending of light or other waves as they pass between media
- regurgitate - to bring swallowed food back up; to repeat information uncritically
- rehappen - to occur or take place again
- relegation - the act of consigning to a lower rank, position, or division
- relentless - unceasingly harsh, intense, or determined; never letting up
- remanent - remaining or residual, especially of magnetism left in a material
- repulse - to drive back or fend off; to cause distaste or revulsion in
- resolvent - having power to dissolve or break down; a substance or agent that does so
- restorable - capable of being brought back to a former or original condition
- retainer - a fee paid to secure services; a servant or device that holds something in place
- retrieval - the act of getting back or recovering something, especially stored data
- retrogress - to move backward to an earlier or worse state; to decline
- riser - the vertical part of a stair step; one who rises, as from bed
- roadblock - a barrier across a road; an obstacle to progress
- roust - to rouse or stir up, often roughly; to drive out
- rulership - the position or authority of a ruler; dominion
- sacking - coarse fabric used to make sacks; dismissal from a job; plunder of a place
- sally - a sudden rush forward, especially a sortie; a witty remark; to rush out
- sash - a band of cloth worn around the waist or over the shoulder; a window frame
- scrip - a provisional certificate or token issued in place of money or stock
- shyness - the quality of being timid or reserved around others
- sinecure - a position requiring little or no work but giving pay or status
- sojourn - a temporary stay in a place
- southbound - traveling or directed toward the south
- squinch - to screw up the eyes or face, or an arch across an interior corner
- stoop - to bend the body forward and down, or a small front porch
- suitability - the quality of being right or appropriate for a particular purpose
- sundown - the time in the evening when the sun disappears below the horizon; sunset
- supercilium - the eyebrow, or a stripe of feathers above a bird's eye
- supervisory - relating to the oversight or direction of work and workers
- suppression - the act of putting an end to something forcibly or holding it back
- symmetry - balanced and proportionate similarity between the parts of something
- terrapin - a small edible freshwater turtle of North America
- thence - from that place or source; for that reason
- thoroughfare - a main road or public passage through a place
- topographic - relating to the detailed mapping of the features of a place
- traditionary - archaic term meaning handed down by tradition; traditional
- transferal - the act of moving something from one place or person to another
- transferee - a person to whom something, such as property or a right, is transferred
- transposition - the act of switching the order or position of two things
- tribalist - a person who favors loyalty to their own group above all else
- uncoil - to unwind or release from a coiled position
- undeveloped - not built up, matured, or fully formed
- unrelentingly - without easing or letting up; relentlessly
- unroll - to open out something that is rolled up
- unsay - to retract or take back something said
- upraise - to raise or lift up
- uprise - to rise up or ascend; an act of rising
- uprouse - to rouse up; to stir into action or wakefulness
- uptake - the act of taking up or absorbing; comprehension
- usurp - to seize power, position, or rights wrongfully or by force
- utopia - an imagined place of ideal perfection in laws, government, and society
- vacuity - emptiness of mind, content, or space; lack of substance
- veer - to change direction or course suddenly
- victoria - a light four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with a folding top
- waistline - the line of the waist of the body or a garment, or one's girth there
- wanderer - a person who travels aimlessly or roams from place to place
- westerner - a native or inhabitant of the west, especially of the Western world
- westwards - toward the west
- withoutdoors - out of doors; outside (archaic)
- co-regional - belonging to or occupying the same region
- co-superficial - lying on or sharing the same surface
- thither - to or toward that place
- underlie - to lie beneath something
- againwards - toward; in the direction facing a person or place, in archaic or northern dialect use
- akimbo - with the hands on the hips and the elbows turned outward
- doorward - toward a door
- chimneyward - toward, into, or in the direction of a chimney
- knee-deep - reaching as high as the knees, or submerged up to the knees
- upperworld - the surface world, contrasted with an underground, submarine, or underworld realm
- serry - archaic or literary: to crowd or press people or things closely together, especially in ranks or rows
- spread-eagle - a representation of an eagle with its wings and legs extended
- anear - chiefly dialectal: near or close to
- stock-still - completely motionless
- afront - archaic or dialectal: in front or face to face
- anigh - archaic or dialectal: near or close by
- neckdeep - reaching, submerged, or covered up to the neck
- upshore - toward a point farther along the shore, especially in an upstream direction
- embay - to enclose, shelter, or surround as if within a bay

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