Nature & Landscape

Rivers, mountains, forests, oceans, and the shapes of the natural world.

281 words

# Nature & Landscape

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 281

## About
Rivers, mountains, forests, oceans, and the shapes of the natural world.

## Words by Level

### A1
- sea - The large area of salt water that covers much of the earth, or a particular part of it.
- park - A public area of grass and trees in a town where people relax and play.
- island - A piece of land that is completely surrounded by water
- tree - A tall plant with a wooden trunk, branches, and leaves.
- river - A large natural stream of water flowing across land toward the sea, a lake, or another river.
- beach - An area of sand or small stones next to the sea or a lake.
- mountain - A very high, steep hill, usually with rocky sides and a peak.
- flower - The colourful part of a plant that produces seeds, often with a pleasant smell.

### A2
- moon - The large round object that shines in the sky at night and circles the Earth.
- stone - The hard substance that rock is made of, often used as a building material.
- hill - A raised area of land, higher than the ground around it but smaller than a mountain.
- grass - A common green plant with thin leaves that covers fields, lawns, and gardens.
- earth - The planet that we live on, third from the Sun.
- land - The solid, dry part of the earth's surface.
- nature - The physical world of plants, animals, and landscapes that people did not make.
- wild - Living or growing in nature, not kept or raised by people.
- natural - Existing in nature and not made or caused by people.
- lake - A large body of water surrounded by land.
- forest - A large area thickly covered with trees.
- desert - A large dry area of land, often covered with sand, where little grows.
- coast - The land along the edge of the sea.
- valley - A low area of land between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.
- bay - A part of the sea or a lake that curves into the land.
- bush - A low woody plant with many stems, smaller than a tree.
- shore - The land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other large body of water.
- landscape - A wide view of an area of countryside, including its hills, fields, and other features.
- dam - A barrier built across a river to hold back or control the water.
- ocean - The vast body of salt water that covers most of the Earth.

### B1
- leaf - The flat, usually green part of a plant that grows from a stem or branch.
- shelf - A flat board fixed to a wall or inside a cupboard, used to hold or store things.
- surface - The outer or top layer of something.
- dirt - A substance such as mud or dust that makes things unclean.
- cave - A large natural hole in the side of a hill or under the ground.
- satellite - A machine sent into space to orbit the Earth and send back signals or information.
- marine - Relating to the sea or living in the sea.
- essential - Extremely important and necessary.
- pond - A small area of still water, smaller than a lake and often man-made.
- preserve - To keep something safe and protect it from harm, loss, or damage.
- volcano - A mountain with an opening through which lava, ash, and gas erupt from inside the earth.
- horizon - The line in the distance where the sky seems to meet the land or sea.
- environmental - Relating to the natural world and its protection from harm.
- bathe - To wash yourself or someone else in water; to take a bath.
- basin - A large round bowl used for holding water, especially for washing.
- seaweed - A plant or alga that grows in the sea.
- ness - A narrow piece of land that sticks out into the sea; a cape or headland.
- ecosystem - All the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and their environment.
- farmland - Land that is used or suitable for growing crops and raising animals.
- seawater - The salty water of the sea or ocean.
- acorn - the nut of the oak tree, typically rounded and held in a rough, scaly cupule
- oceanic - constituting or living in the open sea
- upstream - toward a river's source or against the direction of its current
- riverbank - the sloping ground along the edge of a river
- outcrop - a place where bedrock or another geological deposit is exposed at the ground's surface

### B2
- seal - A sea animal with smooth fur and flippers that lives partly in water and partly on land.
- blade - The flat, sharp cutting part of a knife, sword, or tool.
- creek - A small natural stream of water, smaller than a river.
- hay - Grass that is cut and dried to feed animals.
- wilderness - A wild, natural area where few or no people live.
- supernatural - Not able to be explained by the laws of nature; relating to ghosts, magic, or other mysterious forces.
- complexion - The natural colour and look of the skin on a person's face.
- gorge - A deep, narrow valley with steep, rocky sides, usually with a river running through it.
- coastline - The outline or shape of a coast where the land meets the sea.
- elemental - Basic and fundamental; forming an essential part of something.
- stonework - The parts of a building made of stone.
- moonscape - A bare, empty landscape that looks like the surface of the moon.
- sediment - matter that has been deposited by some natural process
- playfully - in a playful manner
- freshwater - living in, made of, or relating to water that is not salty
- seacoast - land along the edge of the sea
- boulder - a large, naturally detached or rounded rock
- moonbeam - a ray or shaft of light from the moon
- prairie - an extensive, relatively flat area of grassland with few or no trees, especially in North America
- mountainside - the sloping side of a mountain
- quicksand - loose, water-saturated sand that appears firm but gives way under weight and can trap people or objects
- naturalize - to establish a plant or animal outside its native range so that it reproduces without human help
- seashell - the hard shell of a marine mollusk, especially an empty shell found on a shore

### C1
- terrain - An area of land, especially with regard to its natural features.
- peninsula - A long piece of land that sticks out into the sea, with water on most sides.
- geological - relating to the rocks, soil, and physical structure of the Earth and how they have formed
- waterfront - The land or part of a town next to a river, lake, or sea.
- otter - A small river or sea animal with webbed feet and thick brown fur that eats fish.
- elevation - The height of a place above sea level.
- transatlantic - Crossing or spanning the Atlantic Ocean.
- intuitively - In a way based on instinct or natural understanding, rather than reasoning.
- geologically - In terms of geology; from the point of view of the earth's rocks and structure.
- synthetically - In a way that is made artificially rather than coming from nature.
- terrestrial - operating or living or growing on land
- loess - a fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind
- aquatic - operating or living or growing in water
- solemnly - in a grave and sedate manner
- vainly - In a vain pursuit; to no avail.
- mountainous - like a mountain in size and impressiveness
- upland - The area in the interior of a country with a generally higher elevation.
- whirlpool - a powerful circular current of water
- iceberg - a very large mass of floating ice that has broken away from a glacier or ice shelf
- glen - a narrow, secluded valley, especially in Scotland or Ireland and often containing a stream
- tributary - a river or stream that flows into a larger river or lake
- gully - a narrow channel or small ravine cut into the ground by running water
- outcropping - a part of a rock formation that is exposed at the surface of the surrounding ground
- sod - a piece or layer of grass-covered surface soil held together by its roots
- highland - an elevated, hilly, or mountainous area of land
- knoll - a small, rounded natural hill or mound
- craggy - full of steep rocks or crags; rough and rugged
- ing - northern English dialect: a low meadow, especially one beside a river and liable to flooding
- sandbar - a long, narrow ridge of sand formed in a river, lake, or sea by moving water or waves

### C2
- minefield - A situation full of hidden risks, dangers, or difficulties.
- aptitude - A natural ability or talent for learning or doing something.
- shoal - A large group of fish swimming together.
- buccaneer - A pirate, especially one who attacked Spanish ships in the Caribbean in the 1600s.
- floe - A flat sheet of ice floating on the surface of the sea.
- affectation - A way of behaving or speaking that is not natural and is meant to impress others.
- intrinsically - In a way that belongs to the basic nature of something; essentially.
- idiomatic - Using language in a natural way that sounds like a native speaker.
- idiomatically - In a natural way that sounds like a native speaker.
- barrenness - the quality of yielding nothing of value
- grassy - abounding in grass
- turf - the surface layer of earth held together by grass and roots
- aboriginally - From or in the earliest known times.
- hilltop - The peak or crest of a hill.
- supremely - to the maximum degree
- swampy - Soggy and marshy; wet like a swamp.
- brackish - slightly salty (especially from containing a mixture of seawater and fresh water)
- headland - a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)
- musky - Resembling or characteristic of musk, especially in scent.
- seashore - the shore of a sea or ocean
- wavy - of hair, having waves
- avalanche - a large mass of snow, ice, and sometimes rock that suddenly rushes down a mountain
- denudation - geology: the wearing away of rock and soil by erosion and weathering, leaving a surface exposed
- tussock - a compact tuft or clump of grass or similar vegetation, often forming a small raised mound
- wold - an open, rolling tract of upland country, especially one used as a regional name in England
- downland - open, rolling hill country, especially grassy land over chalk or limestone in southern England
- arroyo - a steep-sided channel or creek bed in an arid region, usually dry but liable to fill after rain
- fumarole - an opening in or near a volcano through which steam and hot gases escape
- starlit - illuminated by stars or starlight
- streamlet - a small or narrow stream
- riverside - the land along or beside a river
- champaign - literary or archaic: an extensive area of level, open countryside; a plain
- spume - foam or froth formed on a liquid, especially on breaking waves
- underbrush - shrubs, young trees, ferns, and other dense vegetation growing beneath taller trees
- clod - a compact lump of earth, clay, or a similar material
- turfy - covered with, consisting of, or resembling turf
- starless - having no stars visible
- waterless - containing no water or lacking an adequate supply of water
- foreland - a piece of land projecting into the sea; a headland or promontory
- fordable - shallow, calm, or firm enough to be crossed at a ford on foot, on horseback, or in a vehicle
- underwood - shrubs, small trees, and other low vegetation growing beneath taller woodland trees
- aiguille - a sharp, needle-shaped pinnacle of rock, especially in the Alps
- rincon - in the southwestern United States and Spanish America, a small secluded valley, nook, or angular recess in a cliff
- sea-loch - a long, narrow arm of the sea extending into the land, especially on the coast of Scotland
- sward - the surface layer of soil held together by grass and its roots; turf
- geyser - a hot spring that periodically throws jets of water and steam into the air
- backwater - a part of a river away from the main current, where the water is still or slow-moving
- escarpment - a long, steep slope or cliff separating two areas of relatively level ground
- mudbank - a raised or exposed area of mud beside or within a body of water
- woodlot - a limited area of woodland, often privately managed as a source of firewood, posts, or timber
- freshet - a sudden rise or overflow of a stream caused by heavy rain or melting snow
- hummock - a small rounded hill, mound, or raised patch of ground
- moorland - open, uncultivated land with acidic or peaty soil, typically covered with heather, grasses, or bracken
- lea - an open grassy field, meadow, or pasture; chiefly literary
- alluvion - clay, silt, sand, or gravel deposited by flowing water; alluvium
- skyline - the outline of buildings, mountains, or other objects seen against the sky
- headwater - the source and uppermost part of a stream or river, often used in the plural headwaters
- driftwood - wood carried along by a river, lake, or sea, or washed ashore by the water
- littoral - relating to the shore of a sea or lake, especially the zone between or near water-level limits
- lacustrine - relating to, formed in, or living in lakes
- fluviatile - of, relating to, living in, or produced by a river
- moraine - a mass or ridge of rock, soil, and other debris carried and deposited by a glacier
- tidemark - a line on a shore or structure showing the highest or lowest level reached by a tide
- moorish - lowercase, literary: resembling or characteristic of moorland; boggy or marshy
- headspring - a spring or source from which a stream begins; a fountainhead
- diluvial - relating to, caused by, or deposited by a great flood
- downthrow - the downward displacement of rock strata on one side of a geological fault, or the amount of that displacement
- metamorphism - the mineralogical and structural alteration of rock by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids without complete melting
- mudflat - a broad, level area of mud beside a sea, estuary, or river, often exposed at low tide
- swath - a strip of grass, grain, or other vegetation cut by a scythe or mowing machine
- tarn - a small mountain lake or pool, especially one formed in a hollow excavated by a glacier
- embower - to shelter or enclose in or as if in a bower of foliage
- swash - the surge or wash of water against a shore, or the sound it makes
- watercourse - a stream, river, or other natural body of running water
- hedgerow - a line of closely planted shrubs or small trees forming a boundary between fields, gardens, or roads
- snowcap - a covering of snow on the summit of a mountain or over a polar region
- spinney - chiefly British: a small wood or copse, especially one planted to shelter game birds
- schist - a coarse-grained metamorphic rock whose aligned platy minerals allow it to split into thin layers
- sublittoral - situated or formed in the permanently submerged coastal zone below the low-tide line
- moorside - the side, slope, or edge of a moor
- salina - a salt marsh, salt pond, saline lake, or spring
- towhead - US: a sandbar or low alluvial island in a river, often with trees or other vegetation growing on it
- acclivity - an upward slope or rising incline, especially on a hill or road
- crevasse - a deep crack or fissure in a glacier, ice sheet, or snowfield
- runnel - a small stream or rivulet
- savanna - a tropical or subtropical grassland with scattered trees and an open canopy, typically shaped by seasonal rainfall, fire, and grazing
- fen - a low, waterlogged wetland fed by groundwater or runoff, often peat-forming and richer in minerals than a bog
- grotto - a small picturesque cave, especially one associated with water or unusual rock formations
- fjord - a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes or cliffs, typically carved by a glacier
- llano - a broad, nearly treeless grassy plain in Spanish-speaking parts of the Americas, especially the tropical plains of Venezuela and Colombia
- treeless - having no trees
- mool - Scots and Northern English: loose earth or soil, especially the earth of a grave

### C2+
- connatural - innate or belonging by nature; of the same nature
- vale - a valley, especially in literary or poetic usage
- apogee - the highest point; the point farthest from Earth in an orbit
- brow - the forehead, or the edge of a hill or cliff
- dale - a broad open valley, especially in northern England
- immanent - existing or operating within; inherent and pervading the natural world
- indeterminate - not exactly known, established, or fixed in nature or extent
- innately - in a way that is inborn or natural rather than learned
- metamorphosis - a complete change of form or nature, as a caterpillar into a butterfly
- propensity - a natural inclination or tendency to behave in a particular way
- strained - showing signs of tension or effort; not relaxed or natural
- transmute - to change in form, nature, or substance into something else
- axiomatical - self-evident; of the nature of an axiom
- cataclysmal - of the nature of a cataclysm; catastrophically destructive
- excavation - the act of digging out earth, or a site so dug
- flair - a natural talent or stylish distinctiveness
- geologic - relating to the structure or history of the earth
- holding - land, property, or assets owned or controlled by someone
- inclination - a natural tendency, leaning, or preference toward something
- lethe - forgetfulness or oblivion, after the mythical river of the dead
- mound - a rounded heap or pile of earth or other material
- observatory - a building equipped for observing astronomical or natural phenomena
- oceanside - situated beside or facing the ocean
- serf - a feudal laborer bound to and transferred with the land
- timberland - land covered with forest suitable for producing timber
- tombstone - a stone marker placed over a grave, usually bearing the deceased's name
- additionary - of the nature of an addition; supplementary
- aftergrass - grass that grows after the first crop of hay is cut
- agriculturally - with respect to farming or the cultivation of land
- ait - a small island, especially one in a river
- animalish - resembling an animal; brutish or instinctive in nature
- artlessly - in a natural, ingenuous manner free of guile or cunning
- atoll - a ring-shaped coral reef or island enclosing a lagoon
- augurous - of the nature of an omen; foreboding or predictive
- baltic - of the Baltic Sea or its region; informally, bitterly cold
- barkbound - of a tree, stunted because its bark is too tight to allow growth
- benchland - a level terrace of land bounded by steeper slopes
- boulevard - a broad, often tree-lined city avenue
- bushland - uncultivated land covered with natural scrub or bush, especially in Australia
- canyon - a deep gorge with steep sides, often cut by a river
- cape - a sleeveless cloak; a headland jutting into the sea
- catastrophal - of the nature of a catastrophe; catastrophic
- coastland - land bordering the sea; coastal country
- congenial - pleasant and agreeable in nature or compatible in disposition
- consultive - of or relating to consultation; advisory in nature
- contranatural - contrary to or against the laws of nature
- cropland - land used or suitable for growing crops
- decretory - of the nature of a decree; decisive or definitive
- demesne - land attached to a manor and held for the owner's own use
- earthy - resembling soil; plainly natural or coarsely direct
- excavate - to dig out and remove earth, or to uncover by digging
- forsake - to abandon or desert; to renounce
- gulf - a large area of sea partly enclosed by land; a wide gap
- holm - a small island in a river or lake, or low flat ground beside a river
- interjectory - of the nature of an interjection; thrown in parenthetically
- islandic - of or relating to an island; insular
- knap - to break or chip stone, especially flint, by striking
- lapidate - to stone, especially to stone to death
- lith - a stone or rock; a limb or joint (archaic)
- lithic - of or relating to stone, especially stone tools
- miraculous - like a miracle; remarkable and inexplicable by natural laws
- mont - a mountain or hill, chiefly in place names
- nat - a nature spirit in Burmese folk belief
- overrefinement - excessive subtlety or polish carried beyond what is natural or useful
- phantomic - resembling or having the nature of a phantom; ghostly
- reclamation - the act of reclaiming land or recovering useful material from waste
- sandbank - a raised bank of sand in a river or sea, often a hazard to boats
- seaquake - an earthquake occurring beneath or under the sea
- seism - an earthquake or earth tremor
- stony - full of or resembling stone; cold and unfeeling
- subsea - situated or operating beneath the surface of the sea
- subterranean - existing, occurring, or done under the surface of the earth
- surficial - of or relating to the surface, especially the earth's surface in geology
- talentless - having no special natural ability or aptitude
- temblor - an earthquake or earth tremor
- tortoise - a slow-moving land reptile with a domed protective shell
- whatness - the essential nature of a thing; its quiddity or whatness
- woodsy - characteristic of or suggestive of woods or a forest
- marsh - low wet land, often with grasses or reeds
- ignis fatuus - a pale, wandering light sometimes seen at night over marshy ground; a will-o'-the-wisp
- grassplat - a small level plot of ground covered with grass; a lawn
- mudpuddle - a shallow pool of muddy water
- piscatory - relating to or characteristic of the activity of fishing
- ditchwater - stagnant, usually dirty water collected in a roadside or field ditch

A1 (8)

A2 (20) Pro

B1 (25) Pro

B2 (23) Pro

C1 (29) Pro

C2 (92) Pro

C2+ (84) Pro

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