The Evolution of Modern Medicine

IN the year 1883 a legacy of eighty thousand dollars was left to the President and Fellows of Yale College in the city of New Haven, to be held in trust, as a gift from her children, in memory of their beloved and honored mother, Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman. On this foundation Yale College was requested and directed to establish an annual course of lectures designed to illustrate the presence and providence, the wisdom and goodness of God, as manifested in the natural and moral world. These were to be designated as the Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman Memorial Lectures. It was the belief of the testator that any orderly presentation of the facts of nature or history contributed to the end of this foundation more effectively than any attempt to emphasize the elements of doctrine or of creed; and he therefore provided that lectures on dogmatic or polemical theology should be excluded from the scope of this foundation, and that the subjects should be selected rather from the domains of natural science and history, giving special prominence to astronomy, chemistry, geology and anatomy. It was further directed that each annual course should be made the basis of a volume to form part of a series constituting a memorial to Mrs. Silliman. The memorial fund came into the possession of the Corporation of Yale University in the year 1901; and the present volume constitutes the tenth of the series of memorial lectures. CONTENTS THE SILLIMAN FOUNDATION PREFACE CHAPTER I — ORIGIN OF MEDICINE INTRODUCTION ORIGIN OF MEDICINE EGYPTIAN MEDICINE ASSYRIAN AND BABYLONIAN MEDICINE HEBREW MEDICINE CHINESE AND JAPANESE MEDICINE CHAPTER II — GREEK MEDICINE ASKLEPIOS HIPPOCRATES AND THE HIPPOCRATIC WRITINGS ALEXANDRIAN SCHOOL GALEN CHAPTER III — MEDIAEVAL MEDICINE SOUTH ITALIAN SCHOOL BYZANTINE MEDICINE ARABIAN MEDICINE THE RISE OF THE UNIVERSITIES MEDIAEVAL MEDICAL STUDIES MEDIAEVAL PRACTICE ASTROLOGY AND DIVINATION CHAPTER IV — THE RENAISSANCE AND THE RISE OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PARACELSUS VESALIUS HARVEY CHAPTER V — THE RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN MEDICINE INTERNAL SECRETIONS CHEMISTRY CHAPTER VI — THE RISE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE SANITATION TUBERCULOSIS