Mind & Cognition

Thinking, knowing, remembering, deciding, and mental attention.

710 words

# Mind & Cognition

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 710

## About
Thinking, knowing, remembering, deciding, and mental attention.

## Words by Level

### A1
- know - To have information or facts in your mind.
- think - To have an opinion or belief about something.
- find - To discover or get something after searching or by chance.
- believe - To accept that something is true.
- remember - To keep something in your mind and be able to bring it back; to not forget.
- idea - A thought or suggestion about what to do.
- guess - To give an answer or opinion without being sure if it is correct.
- forget - To not be able to remember something.
- reason - The cause or explanation for why something happens or is done.
- imagine - To form a picture or idea of something in your mind.
- interesting - holding your attention because it is exciting or unusual.
- interested - wanting to know about or take part in something.
- agree - To have the same opinion as someone else.

### A2
- mind - The part of a person that thinks, feels, and remembers.
- dream - A series of images and feelings that happen in your mind while you sleep.
- careful - Giving attention to what you do so you avoid danger, mistakes, or harm.
- memory - The ability of the mind to store and recall past experiences.
- focus - To give all your attention to one thing.
- carefully - In a way that gives attention so you avoid danger or mistakes.
- suggestion - An idea or plan put forward for others to consider.
- hey - An informal way of saying hello.
- thought - An idea or opinion that comes into your mind.
- understand - To know the meaning of something; to comprehend.
- thinking - The activity of using your mind to consider or reason about something.
- follow - To go or come after someone or something.
- wonder - To want to know something; to ask yourself about it.
- mistake - Something done wrong because of bad judgment, carelessness, or lack of knowledge.
- expect - To think or believe that something will probably happen.
- attention - The act of carefully watching, listening, or thinking about something.
- doubt - To think that something is probably not true or unlikely to happen.
- decide - To make a choice about what to do after thinking about it.
- interest - a feeling of wanting to know about or take part in something.
- consider - To think carefully about something before making a decision.
- clearly - In a way that is easy to see, hear, or understand.
- view - What you can see from a particular place, especially beautiful scenery.
- opinion - What someone thinks or believes about a person, thing, or issue.
- suggest - To put forward an idea or plan for others to consider.
- remind - To make someone remember something they need to do or know.
- fancy - A liking or desire for something.
- statement - Something you say or write to express a fact or opinion clearly.
- confused - Unable to think clearly or understand something.
- intelligence - The ability to learn, understand, and think clearly.
- therefore - For that reason; as a result.
- wise - Able to make good decisions thanks to knowledge and experience.
- explanation - A statement that makes something clear or easy to understand.
- bury - To place a dead body in the ground or a tomb.
- argue - To disagree with someone, often in an angry way.
- imagination - The ability to form pictures or ideas in your mind.
- argument - An angry disagreement between people.
- basic - Forming the most important or simplest part of something; fundamental.
- fascinating - So interesting that it holds your full attention.
- impress - To make someone feel admiration because of something good or skilful.
- advise - To tell someone what you think they should do.
- association - An official group of people organized for a shared purpose.
- disagree - To have a different opinion from someone else.
- logical - Sensible and based on clear reasons.
- pronounce - To make the sound of a word or letter.
- psychologist - A person who studies the mind and human behaviour, or who helps people with mental and emotional problems.
- confuse - To make someone unable to think clearly or understand something.
- criticize - To say what you think is wrong or bad about someone or something.
- brainstorm - To think up many ideas quickly, often as a group.
- suppose - To think that something is probably true, though you are not certain.
- definitely - Without any doubt; certainly.
- recognize - To know someone or something because you have seen or met them before.
- firstly - Used to introduce the first point or reason in a list.

### B1
- flag - A piece of cloth with a design that represents a country, group, or idea.
- laughter - The act or sound of laughing.
- blind - Not able to see.
- nonsense - Words or ideas that have no meaning or are silly and foolish.
- aware - Knowing that something exists or is happening.
- surely - Used to show that you strongly believe something is true or expect others to agree.
- incident - An event or occurrence, especially an unusual or unpleasant one.
- mental - Relating to the mind or to thinking.
- ignore - To deliberately pay no attention to someone or something.
- advance - To move forward, or to make progress in a positive way.
- urgent - Needing immediate attention or action.
- recall - To bring something back to mind; to remember.
- impression - The effect or feeling that someone or something leaves in your mind.
- cancel - To decide that a planned event will not happen.
- foolish - Showing a lack of good sense or judgement; unwise.
- reasonable - Fair, sensible, and based on good judgement.
- judgment - The ability to make good decisions and form sensible opinions.
- objection - A reason or statement showing that you disagree with something.
- privacy - The state of being alone and free from the attention of others.
- proposal - A plan or idea that is suggested formally for others to consider.
- basis - The main idea or fact that something is built on or developed from.
- misunderstanding - A failure to understand something correctly; a mistaken idea about its meaning.
- approve - To think that something or someone is good or acceptable.
- unexpected - Not expected; surprising because you did not think it would happen.
- determine - To find out something exactly, by looking at the facts or calculating.
- conclusion - a decision or opinion reached after careful thought
- harbor - A sheltered area of water where ships can stay safely.
- curiosity - A strong desire to know or learn about something.
- conscious - Awake and able to think and notice things.
- psychological - Relating to the mind and the way people think and feel.
- mentally - In your mind or relating to the mind.
- yoga - A set of exercises and breathing techniques, from India, used to relax the body and mind.
- entertain - To amuse or interest people, especially with a performance or activity.
- notion - An idea or belief about something.
- careless - Not giving enough attention or thought, so you make mistakes or cause harm.
- rational - Based on clear, sensible thinking rather than emotion.
- scope - The range of things that a subject, plan, or activity deals with.
- motivation - The desire and willingness to do something.
- stressful - Causing worry or mental pressure.
- analyze - To study something carefully in detail in order to understand it.
- recite - To say a piece of writing aloud from memory, often to an audience.
- awareness - Knowledge or understanding that something exists or is happening.
- meditation - The practice of quieting and focusing the mind for relaxation or spiritual purposes.
- subconscious - Happening in the part of your mind that you are not fully aware of.
- absorb - to take in a liquid, gas, or other substance gradually
- jog - To run slowly and steadily, usually for exercise.
- memorize - To learn something so well that you can recall it perfectly from memory.
- unclear - Not easy to understand or know for certain.
- differ - To be unlike something else in some way.
- construct - To build something by putting parts together.
- emphasis - Special importance or attention given to something
- unheard - Not heard by anyone.
- meditate - To rest the mind quietly, often for relaxation or spiritual reasons.
- remembrance - The act of remembering someone or something, especially in their honor.
- emphasize - To give special importance or attention to something
- daze - A state of being confused and unable to think clearly.
- carelessly - In a way that shows a lack of attention or care.
- classify - To arrange things into groups according to their type or qualities.
- judgement - the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event
- murderous - Of, characterized by, or pertaining to murder or murderers.
- shutter - close with shutters
- potter - work lightly
- protestant - of or relating to Protestants or Protestantism
- forgetful - likely to forget things or unable to remember them well
- fixation - an intense or obsessive preoccupation with a person, idea, or thing

### B2
- reckon - To think or believe something (informal).
- priority - Something that is more important than other things and needs attention first.
- unconscious - Not awake or aware, usually after an injury or anaesthetic.
- convincing - Able to make you believe that something is true or right.
- mode - A particular way in which a machine or system operates.
- distract - To take someone's attention away from what they are doing.
- intellectual - Relating to the ability to think, understand, and reason.
- striking - Very noticeable because it is impressive or unusual.
- distraction - Something that takes your attention away from what you should be doing.
- sloppy - Done carelessly and without attention to detail.
- reconsider - To think about a decision again, possibly to change it.
- openly - In a way that is not hidden; for everyone to see or know.
- urgently - In a way that needs immediate attention because it is very important.
- perception - The way you understand or think about something.
- misunderstand - To understand someone or something wrongly.
- sympathetic - Showing that you understand and care about someone's feelings or problems.
- criticism - Spoken or written disapproval of someone or something, based on their faults.
- straightforward - Easy to do or understand; simple and not complicated.
- spectacle - An impressive or exciting sight, show, or event.
- undoubtedly - Without any doubt; certainly.
- impulsive - Acting suddenly on feelings, without thinking about the results.
- interpret - to decide what something means; to understand it in a particular way.
- neglect - To fail to look after someone or something properly.
- transparent - Allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be seen clearly.
- accordingly - As a result; for that reason.
- rightly - Correctly; for good reason.
- conception - an idea or way of understanding something
- optimism - A tendency to expect the best, or to believe that things will turn out well.
- evaluate - To judge or decide the value, quality, or importance of something after careful thought.
- bias - An unfair preference for or against a person, group, or idea.
- persuasion - The act of getting someone to do or believe something by giving reasons.
- unimaginable - So great or extreme that you cannot imagine it.
- unsure - Not certain; not knowing what to think or do
- catchy - Pleasant and easy to remember, especially a tune or phrase.
- psychologically - In a way that relates to the mind and emotions.
- dreamy - Having a calm, pleasant, almost magical quality, like a dream.
- foresee - To know or expect that something will happen before it does.
- puzzled - Confused because you cannot understand something.
- disapprove - To think that something is bad, wrong, or unacceptable.
- invoke - To mention or refer to something, such as a law or rule, to support your argument.
- unwise - Showing poor judgment; not sensible.
- deem - To consider or judge something to be a certain way.
- foolishly - In a way that shows a lack of good sense or judgement.
- conceivable - possible to imagine or believe
- recollect - To bring something back to mind; to remember.
- infer - To reach an opinion or conclusion from the information you have.
- tiredness - The state of needing rest because of physical or mental effort.
- attentively - In a way that shows careful attention.
- agonize - To worry or think very anxiously about a difficult decision.
- prejudge - To form an opinion about someone or something before knowing all the facts.
- preoccupy - To fill someone's mind so much that they cannot think about anything else.
- scholasticism - A medieval school of philosophy that combined classical Greek thought with Christian theology.
- unquestioned - accepted without doubt, challenge, or investigation
- poultry - Domestic fowl (e.g. chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese) raised for food (meat, eggs, or both).
- inferiority - an inferior quality
- erection - Anything erected or built.
- insistence - the act of insisting on something
- sweetly - in an affectionate or loving manner
- friction - The rubbing of one object or surface against another.
- socialism - Any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.
- symbolism - Representation of a concept through symbols or underlying meanings of objects or qualities.
- freshness - The state or quality of being fresh.
- unanimous - in complete agreement
- mania - Excessive or unreasonable desire; insane passion affecting one or many people; fanaticism.
- courteous - characterized by courtesy and gracious good manners
- superhuman - above or beyond the human or demanding more than human power or endurance
- unrecognized - not identified, noticed, or understood as known
- unwitting - not aware of the full facts or of one's involvement in something
- ascertain - to learn or discover with certainty
- unthinkable - too unlikely, extreme, or shocking to be imagined or considered possible
- misjudge - to form an incorrect opinion or estimate of a person, situation, quantity, or outcome
- mentality - a habitual way of thinking or a characteristic set of attitudes and beliefs
- misinterpret - to understand, explain, or judge the meaning of something incorrectly
- outwit - to defeat or gain an advantage over someone by being more clever
- chooser - a person or thing that makes a choice
- mixed-up - confused, troubled, or unable to think clearly

### C1
- conceive - to think of an idea or plan; to imagine something
- verdict - The decision a jury or judge makes about whether someone is guilty in a court case.
- naive - Lacking experience or judgement, and too quick to trust or believe things.
- homeland - The country where someone was born or that they think of as home.
- discretion - The freedom to decide something for yourself, using your own judgement.
- torment - Severe physical or mental suffering.
- intuition - The ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning.
- inclined - Having a tendency or willingness to do or believe something.
- sentiment - A thought, opinion, or attitude, often based on feeling.
- compelling - So interesting or exciting that it holds your full attention.
- intellect - The power of the mind to think, reason, and understand.
- elusive - Difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
- criteria - The standards or rules used to judge or decide something (plural of criterion).
- speculate - To form a guess or opinion about something without having all the facts.
- lapse - A small, temporary failure, especially of memory or attention.
- flashback - A part of a film, book, or play that shows an earlier event, interrupting the main story.
- problematic - Causing problems or difficulties.
- tranquility - A state of peace and quiet.
- rigorous - demanding strict attention to rules and procedures
- antics - Wild, silly, or attention-grabbing behaviour.
- connoisseur - An expert whose judgement is respected, especially in art, food, or other matters of taste.
- dissect - To cut open a body to study its internal parts.
- daydream - A pleasant series of thoughts about something nice while you are awake.
- retrace - To go back over a route or path you have already taken.
- differentiate - To recognize or show how two or more things are different.
- explicitly - In a clear and detailed way, leaving no doubt.
- estimation - A rough calculation or judgement of an amount, value, or degree.
- riveting - So interesting or exciting that it completely holds your attention.
- elude - To escape from or avoid someone or something, often by being clever or quick.
- evoke - To bring a feeling, memory, or image into someone's mind.
- justly - In a fair and reasonable way.
- formulate - To create or develop a plan, idea, or theory through careful thought.
- implementation - The act of putting a plan, decision, or idea into practice.
- cleverness - The quality of being quick to understand, learn, or think of ideas.
- repute - The opinion people have of someone or something, especially a good reputation.
- exhibitionist - someone who behaves in a way designed to attract attention to themselves
- naively - In a way that shows a lack of experience or judgement, or too much trust.
- neglectful - Failing to give proper care or attention to something or someone.
- scornful - Showing that you think someone or something is worthless and deserves no respect.
- conscientiously - In a careful and thorough way, with great attention to duty.
- thought-provoking - Making you think carefully, often by challenging your beliefs or ideas.
- salivate - To produce saliva in your mouth, especially at the thought or smell of food.
- engrossing - So interesting that it holds all your attention.
- scornfully - In a way that shows you think someone or something deserves no respect.
- intuit - To understand or sense something immediately, without conscious reasoning.
- persuasively - In a way that makes someone believe or agree with you.
- unwaveringly - In a firm and steady way, without any doubt or change.
- assiduous - showing great care, attention, and effort in one's work or duties
- glib - speaking or spoken in a smooth, fluent, and insincere way
- incredulity - disbelief or doubt about something
- mnemonic - a device or technique used to aid memory retention
- perceptual - of or relating to the act of perceiving
- subjectivity - A subjective thought or idea.
- deductive - relating to logical deduction
- propagation - The multiplication or natural increase in a population.
- dimly - in a dim indistinct manner
- recurrent - Recurring; happening time after time.
- dialectic - of or relating to or employing dialectic
- locality - The fact or quality of having a position in space.
- busily - in a busy manner
- quickness - rapidity of movement or activity; agility or dexterity
- triumphantly - in a triumphant manner
- rationality - the state of having good sense and sound judgment
- unanimously - In a unanimous manner; without objection.
- compartment - A room, or section, or chamber, typically within a vehicle.
- delightfully - in a delightful manner
- forgetfulness - unawareness caused by neglectful or heedless failure to remember
- insupportable - That cannot be tolerated or endured.
- emancipation - The act of setting free from the power of another, as from slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence.
- passively - in a passive manner
- insoluble - without hope of solution
- impious - lacking due respect or dutifulness
- unearthly - Not of the earth; nonterrestrial.
- unfeeling - devoid of feeling or sensation
- immemorial - That is beyond memory; ancient.
- mole - A massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater or junction between places separated by water.
- theological - of or relating to or concerning theology
- awkwardness - the inelegance of someone stiff and unrelaxed
- thoughtlessness - the trait of not thinking carefully before acting
- figment - something invented or imagined that has no real existence
- dialectical - relating to dialectic: reasoning through the examination of opposing arguments
- hypnotism - the practice or process of inducing hypnosis, especially through focused attention and suggestion
- gaslight - to manipulate someone into doubting their own memory, perceptions, or judgment
- dreamless - without dreams, especially describing deep and undisturbed sleep
- psychic - relating to the mind, soul, or mental processes rather than the physical body
- knowable - capable of being known, understood, or discovered
- demented - wildly irrational, disturbed, or out of control
- advisability - the quality of being sensible, prudent, or worth recommending in the circumstances
- sagely - in a wise, judicious, or knowingly thoughtful manner
- puzzlement - a state or feeling of confusion caused by being unable to understand something
- quizzical - showing mild puzzlement or questioning, often with amusement
- uncritical - not applying careful judgment, analysis, or evaluation
- enlightenment - the gaining or giving of knowledge and clearer understanding
- afterthought - an idea, action, or addition considered only after an original decision or plan
- retentive - able to remember information well
- contriver - a person who devises a plan, system, invention, or other creation
- overvalue - to regard a person, quality, prospect, or contribution as more important or beneficial than it really is
- misremember - to remember something incorrectly
- eye-opener - an experience, fact, or revelation that produces a sudden and surprising understanding
- open-mindedness - willingness to consider unfamiliar ideas, arguments, or evidence without prejudice
- unfamiliarity - lack of knowledge, experience, or acquaintance with someone or something
- experiential - relating to, encountered through, or based on direct experience
- irrationality - The quality or state of being irrational.

### C2
- skeptical - denying or questioning the tenets of especially a religion
- banish - To send someone away from a place, especially as an official punishment, and forbid them to return.
- mindless - requiring little mental effort
- cognitive - Connected with thinking, learning, understanding, and remembering
- wholesome - sound or exhibiting soundness in body or mind
- agile - Able to move quickly and easily.
- conjecture - A guess or opinion based on incomplete evidence.
- apostle - One of the early leaders of a religious mission, especially the twelve chief followers of Jesus.
- poignant - keenly distressing to the mind or feelings
- narcotic - inducing mental lethargy
- agility - The ability to move quickly and easily.
- meticulously - In a very careful and precise way, paying attention to every detail.
- nuance - a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude
- painstaking - Done with great care, attention to detail, and effort.
- snub - a refusal to recognize someone you know
- digress - lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking
- unequivocally - In a way that leaves no doubt; clearly and firmly.
- preoccupation - The state of being so absorbed in a thought that you notice little else.
- stringent - Strict, severe, and demanding close attention to rules or standards.
- contemptuous - Showing that you think someone or something is worthless and deserves no respect.
- unequivocal - Completely clear and leaving no doubt.
- pictorial - evoking lifelike images within the mind
- allusion - An indirect mention of something the speaker expects you to recognize.
- fluctuate - To rise and fall or change irregularly.
- unobtrusive - Not easily noticed; quiet and not drawing attention.
- disdainful - Showing contempt or scorn for someone or something you think is not worthy.
- equanimity - steadiness of mind under stress
- torpor - a state of motor and mental inactivity with a partial suspension of sensibility
- salubrious - favorable to health of mind or body
- histrionic - Overly dramatic or emotional, especially to get attention.
- unobtrusively - In a quiet way that does not attract attention or get in the way
- demystify - To make something easier to understand by explaining it clearly.
- unexcused - Without an acceptable reason or permission; not officially allowed.
- preconception - An opinion formed before you have enough facts, often based on bias.
- mesmeric - So fascinating that it holds your complete attention, as if by magic.
- compellingly - In a way that holds your attention or convinces you strongly
- solipsism - The philosophical idea that only your own mind is sure to exist.
- flightiness - The tendency to act on sudden whims rather than careful thought.
- stultifyingly - In a way that is so dull it numbs the mind.
- histrionically - In an overly dramatic or attention-seeking way.
- arcanely - In a mysterious way that few can understand.
- eschatology - the part of theology concerned with death, judgment, and the final destiny of the soul and humankind
- grok - to understand something deeply and intuitively
- omakase - a Japanese dining experience in which the chef chooses the dishes
- perspicaciously - in a manner showing keen mental perception and understanding
- cavil - To criticise for petty or frivolous reasons.
- chimera - Anything composed of very disparate parts.
- dilatory - Intentionally delaying (someone or something), intended to cause delay, gain time, or adjourn decision.
- elicit - derive by reason
- embryonic - in an early stage of development
- fecund - Leading to new ideas or innovation.
- hedonism - The philosophical belief that happiness, particularly sensual pleasure, is the highest good in life.
- iconoclastic - Characterized by attack on established and accepted beliefs, customs, or institutions; of or pertaining to iconoclasm.
- improvise - To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.
- inordinate - Excessive; unreasonable or inappropriate in magnitude.
- pollyannaish - Unreasonably optimistic.
- premeditate - think or reflect beforehand or in advance
- resolute - Firm, unyielding, determined.
- snide - Disparaging or derisive in an insinuative way.
- tautology - useless repetition
- epistemological - Of or pertaining to epistemology or theory of knowledge, as a field of study.
- inductive - arising from inductance
- dictaphone - a tape recorder that records and reproduces dictation
- radiant - Radiating light and/or heat.
- introspection - A looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states.
- fragmentary - consisting of small disconnected parts
- abstractness - The quality of being abstract.
- empirically - in an empirical manner
- inferential - based on interpretation
- forcibly - in a forcible manner
- arbitrariness - The quality or state of being arbitrary; the extent to which something is arbitrary.
- idealistic - Of or pertaining to an idealist or to idealism.
- mysticism - A doctrine of direct communication or spiritual intuition of divine truth.
- afferent - Carrying towards.
- minutely - in minute detail
- cognizance - Notice or awareness.
- madman - an insane person
- genealogical - of or relating to genealogy
- repugnance - Extreme aversion, repulsion.
- thud - strike with a dull sound
- logician - A person who studies or teaches logic.
- inaccuracy - A statement, passage etc. that is inaccurate or false.
- rejoice - To be very happy, be delighted, exult; to feel joy.
- rivalry - An ongoing relationship between (usually two) rivals who compete for superiority.
- delirium - A temporary mental state with a sudden onset, usually reversible, including symptoms of confusion, inability to concentrate, disorientation, anxiety, and sometimes hallucinations. Causes can include dehydration, drug intoxication, and severe infection.
- minuteness - the property of being very small in size
- salute - an act of honor or courteous recognition
- moth - Any flying insect of the order Lepidoptera not in the superfamily Papilionoidea, most species of which are nocturnal and can be distinguished from butterflies by feather-like antennae.
- nominally - in name only
- satin - A cloth woven from silk, nylon or polyester with a glossy surface and a dull back. (The same weaving technique applied to cotton produces cloth termed sateen).
- incubator - A support programme for the development of entrepreneurial companies.
- purview - Scope or range of interest or control.
- wig - A bigwig.
- exultation - The act of exulting; great joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight
- onward - Moving forward.
- relativist - One who follows, believes or espouses relativism.
- uppermost - in or into the highest position
- adequacy - The quality of being sufficient, adequate or able to meet the needs.
- obstinacy - The state, or an act, of stubbornness or doggedness.
- pantheism - the doctrine or belief that God is the universe and its phenomena (taken or conceived of as a whole) or the doctrine that regards the universe as a manifestation of God
- briskly - in a brisk manner
- ingratitude - A lack or absence of gratitude; thanklessness.
- proviso - A conditional provision to an agreement.
- martyr - kill as a martyr
- thrush - Any of numerous species of songbirds of the cosmopolitan family Turdidae, such as the song thrush, mistle thrush, bluebird, and American robin.
- sagacity - The quality of being sage, wise, or able to make good decisions; the quality of being perceptive, astute or insightful.
- fleshy - Of, related to, or resembling flesh.
- hatchet - A small, light axe with a short handle; a tomahawk.
- plank - cover with planks
- bifurcation - The act of bifurcating; branching or dividing in two.
- gunpowder - An explosive mixture of saltpetre (potassium nitrate), charcoal and sulfur; formerly used in gunnery but now mostly used in fireworks.
- lattice - A flat panel constructed with widely-spaced crossed thin strips of wood or other material, commonly used as a garden trellis.
- orthodoxy - Correctness of doctrine and belief in regard to any doctrinal (i.e. philosophical or theological) system.
- sow - introduce into an environment
- unreasoning - Lacking or without reason.
- vampire - A mythological creature (usually humanoid and undead) said to feed on the blood or life energy of the living.
- carminative - Relieving the discomfort of gas in the digestive tract, either by reducing its production (by the gut microbiota) or by inducing its expulsion (whether as belches [upper GI action] or as flatus [lower GI action]).
- intoxication - excitement and elation beyond the bounds of sobriety
- sensuality - The state of being sensual or sensuous.
- syllogism - An argument whose conclusion is supported by two premises, of which one contains the term that is the predicate of the conclusion, and the other contains the term that is the subject of the conclusion; common to both premises is a term that is excluded from the conclusion.
- workmanship - The skill of an artisan or craftsman.
- drawbridge - A hinged bridge which can be raised (to prevent its being crossed, as across a moat, or to allow watercraft to travel beneath it).
- futurity - The future.
- omnipotence - Unlimited power; commonly attributed to a deity or deities.
- zoological - of or relating to animals or animal groups
- budge - to move very slightly
- chaw - to chew without swallowing
- thereupon - Upon that; thereon.
- adultery - extramarital sex that willfully and maliciously interferes with marriage relations
- brilliancy - A shining quality; brilliance.
- cement - concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement
- extrapolation - An inference about some hypothetical situation based on known facts.
- ptarmigan - large Arctic and subarctic grouse with feathered feet and usually white winter plumage
- egotism - an exaggerated opinion of your own importance
- heretical - Of or pertaining to heresy or heretics.
- imbecility - The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, especially of mind.
- instrumentality - The condition or quality of being instrumental; being useful; serving a purpose.
- sleet - precipitate as a mixture of rain and snow
- cactus - Any member of the family Cactaceae, a family of flowering New World succulent plants suited to a hot, semi-desert climate.
- infidelity - Unfaithfulness in a marriage or an intimate (sexual or romantic) relationship: practice or instance of having a sexual or romantic affair with someone other than one's spouse, without the consent of the spouse.
- therewith - with that or this or it
- animism - the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls
- atheist - related to or characterized by or given to atheism
- bloodthirsty - Thirsty for blood: inexorably violent or eager for bloodshed; murderous.
- disinterestedly - In a disinterested manner; impartially, dispassionately.
- heresy - A doctrine held by a member of a religion at variance or conflict with established religious beliefs.
- languor - A state of the body or mind caused by exhaustion or disease and characterized by a languid or weary feeling; lassitude; (countable) an instance of this.
- musty - Affected by dampness or mould; damp, mildewed, mouldy.
- stiffly - in a stiff manner
- susceptibility - The condition of being susceptible; vulnerability.
- sympathetically - with respect to the sympathetic nervous system
- unaccountably - in an unaccountable manner
- unpleasantly - in an unpleasant manner
- wan - lacking vitality as from weariness or illness or unhappiness
- propositional - relating to propositions, especially statements that can be true or false
- mnemic - relating to memory or the persistence of memory traces
- solipsist - a person who treats only their own mind as certain to exist, or who is extremely self-absorbed
- behavioristic - relating to behaviorism or the study of observable behavior
- foreknowledge - knowledge of an event before it happens
- prepossess - to influence someone's opinion in advance, especially favorably
- delusive - giving a false or misleading impression; tending to deceive
- sophistical - apparently clever or plausible but actually fallacious or misleading
- mystification - a state or feeling of bewilderment caused by not understanding something
- tautological - needlessly repeating the same idea in different words
- reductio - an argument that disproves a proposition by showing that it leads to an absurdity or contradiction; short for reductio ad absurdum
- foresight - the ability to think ahead and prepare for what may happen
- unconsciously - without awareness or deliberate intention
- philosophize - to think or reason philosophically about fundamental questions
- unknowable - impossible to know, discover, or determine
- phantasm - an apparition, phantom, or image that appears real but has no physical existence
- cerebration - the operation of the brain or the process of thinking, especially sustained or partly unconscious mental activity
- credulity - an excessive readiness to believe claims without sufficient evidence
- unreflective - not given to careful thought or self-examination; lacking due reflection
- purblind - lacking insight, understanding, or the ability to foresee consequences
- fatuity - the quality or state of being foolish, especially in a complacent or self-satisfied way
- gaum - in obsolete or regional Northern English, to understand, comprehend, or take notice of
- dialectician - a person skilled in dialectic or in reaching conclusions through structured reasoning and argument
- sophistic - apparently plausible or clever but actually fallacious or misleading
- telepathy - the supposed direct communication of thoughts or feelings between minds without speech, writing, or other ordinary physical signals
- maladjustment - a failure or inability to adapt successfully to one's social environment or the ordinary demands of life, often resulting in emotional or behavioral difficulties
- shilly-shally - to hesitate, waver, or waste time because one is unable or unwilling to make a decision
- introversion - a personality orientation toward one's inner thoughts and feelings, often accompanied by a preference for lower-stimulation or solitary settings
- monomania - an excessive or obsessive concentration on a single subject or idea
- reacquaint - to make someone familiar again with a person, place, subject, or skill
- sophism - a clever-seeming but invalid argument, often used deliberately to deceive
- solver - a person or thing that finds the answer to a problem, puzzle, or equation
- self-transcendence - the experience or process of going beyond one's own immediate interests, needs, or perceived limits and identifying with a larger purpose or whole
- remembrancer - literary or historical: a person or thing that reminds, commemorates, or preserves a memory
- knower - a person who knows something, especially the conscious subject in a theory of knowledge
- concupiscent - characterized by strong sensual desire or lust
- appetitive - relating to appetite, desire, or the pursuit of gratification
- misapprehend - to understand or interpret something incorrectly
- cognizable - capable of being known, perceived, or recognized
- dreamland - an imaginary world experienced in dreams or created by the imagination
- disenchant - to cause someone to lose an idealized belief, admiration, or enthusiasm; to disillusion
- cynosure - a person or thing that is the center of attention or admiration
- presumptive - based on reasonable inference or probability rather than direct proof or certainty
- undoubting - feeling or showing no doubt; completely confident or unquestioning
- monomaniac - a person obsessively preoccupied with one subject, idea, or goal to the exclusion of other concerns
- mesmerism - historical: a system developed by Franz Mesmer that claimed an invisible force could produce physical or hypnotic effects
- sublimate - psychology: to redirect an unacceptable impulse or desire into a socially acceptable or constructive activity
- telepath - a person believed or imagined to communicate thoughts directly without speech or other physical signals
- analyzable - capable of being examined systematically or separated into constituent parts
- imaginability - the quality of being possible to imagine or form a mental representation of
- inferable - capable of being inferred or reached as a conclusion from evidence or premises
- unanalyzed - not examined systematically or separated into constituent parts
- conative - psychology and philosophy: relating to desire, volition, striving, or action directed toward a goal
- nescience - absence of knowledge; ignorance
- psychophysical - relating jointly to mental and physical processes or to the relation between mind and body
- vacillation - indecision shown by repeatedly changing between opinions, choices, or courses of action
- inscrutability - the quality of being difficult or impossible to understand or interpret
- misdoubt - archaic: to suspect or doubt; to form a mistaken suspicion about
- perplexed - full of difficulty or confusion or bewilderment
- suggestibility - the tendency to accept and act on other people's suggestions readily
- clueless - having no knowledge or understanding of a situation or subject
- unintelligent - showing a limited ability to learn, understand, or reason
- externalize - to express thoughts or feelings in an outward, observable form
- compos - of sound mind and in full control of one's mental faculties, chiefly in the phrase compos mentis
- appetition - philosophy and psychology: desire directed toward obtaining or pursuing something
- calculative - concerned with calculation, especially deliberate reasoning about means and consequences
- habituation - the process of forming a habit through repeated action or exposure
- cogito - Descartes's argument cogito, ergo sum ("I think, therefore I am"), or the act of thought on which it rests
- conation - the mental faculty or process of willing, striving, or directing effort toward an action
- ekphore - in Semon's memory theory, to reactivate or call forth an engram as a memory image
- psychoanalysis - a family of theories and therapeutic methods that interpret unconscious mental processes, conflicts, and motives
- unsensuous - not apprehended through the senses; lacking sensory imagery or sensuous form
- cogitative - capable of, inclined to, or concerned with thought and reflection
- whimsy - an odd, fanciful, or capricious idea or impulse

### C2+
- heed - to pay careful attention to; careful attention
- noteworthy - deserving attention because of being remarkable or significant
- obstinate - stubbornly refusing to change one's mind
- comprehend - to understand fully; to grasp mentally
- dexterity - skill and ease in using the hands or the mind
- adjudicate - to make a formal judgment on a dispute
- conclusive - settling a matter decisively; leaving no doubt
- discernment - keen perception and good judgment
- inapprehensible - incapable of being grasped or understood by the mind
- incognizable - not able to be known or perceived by the mind
- unambiguous - having only one clear meaning; not open to doubt
- unambiguously - in a way that admits no doubt or confusion
- animalistic - characteristic of animals; driven by instinct rather than reason
- bethink - to cause oneself to consider or recollect; to call to mind
- captivate - to attract and hold the attention by charm or beauty
- doubtless - certainly or very probably; without doubt
- empathy - the ability to understand and share another's feelings
- equate - to consider or treat as equivalent or equal
- evenhanded - fair and impartial in treatment or judgment
- heedful - paying careful attention; mindful
- manifestly - in a way that is clear or obvious to the mind or eye
- pamper - to indulge with excessive attention, comfort, or kindness
- piquant - pleasantly sharp or appetizing in taste, or stimulating to the mind
- bureaucrat - an official who works by fixed routine without exercising judgment
- cognition - the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding
- consciously - with deliberate awareness or intention
- daresay - to consider very likely; to venture to say
- dazed - stunned or bewildered, unable to think clearly
- discern - to perceive or recognize something, often with difficulty
- discretionary - available for use at one's own judgment or choice
- doubtlessly - without doubt; certainly
- engrossed - having one's full attention absorbed; deeply occupied
- peradventure - perhaps or possibly; uncertainty or doubt (archaic)
- percept - an object or impression perceived by the senses or mind
- sane - of sound mind; sensible and rational
- watchful - keeping alert attention; observant and vigilant
- wis - to know or suppose; an archaic verb meaning to be aware
- academicism - rigid adherence to formal conventions in art or thought, often at the expense of originality
- accredit - to officially recognize or authorize as meeting a required standard
- acrasia - weakness of will; acting against one's better judgment
- befuddle - to confuse or muddle the mind
- clamant - urgent and demanding attention; clamorous
- clarification - the act of making something clearer or easier to understand
- cogitate - to think deeply and carefully; to ponder
- cognizant - having knowledge or awareness of something
- conceptual - relating to or based on mental concepts or abstract ideas
- credulous - too ready to believe things; easily deceived
- disbelieve - to be unable or unwilling to believe something or someone
- eternize - to make eternal or immortalize, especially in memory
- exertion - physical or mental effort
- fastidiously - in a way that shows careful attention to detail or cleanliness
- fixate - to direct attention obsessively, or to make stable
- halloo - a shout used to attract attention or to urge on hounds
- hesitant - tentative or unsure; slow to act or decide
- inattentive - not paying attention; heedless or neglectful
- memorious - having an excellent memory; mindful or remembering
- neediness - the state of being in want, or of demanding excessive attention or affection
- nimble - quick and light in movement or thought; agile
- problematical - presenting a difficulty or doubt; questionable
- retentiveness - the capacity to retain or remember things, especially knowledge
- sanity - the state of being sound in mind; reasonable and sensible judgment
- suggestive - tending to suggest an idea, often something risqué
- tasteful - showing good aesthetic judgment or discretion
- unconsciousness - the state of lacking awareness or sensation
- unremarkable - not particularly interesting or worthy of attention; ordinary
- wherefore - for what reason; why
- accidie - spiritual or mental sloth; listless apathy
- acedia - spiritual or mental sloth; apathy and listlessness
- advertence - attention or heedfulness; the act of taking notice
- antirealism - the philosophical view denying objective reality independent of perception
- assuredly - certainly; without doubt
- bemused - puzzled, confused, or absorbed in thought
- cache - a hidden store of supplies; to store away or in fast-access memory
- cognize - to perceive, know, or become conscious of
- construe - to interpret or understand something in a particular way
- crying - demanding urgent attention; flagrant
- deference - respectful submission to another's judgment or wishes
- deign - to condescend to do something thought beneath one's dignity
- delude - to mislead the mind or judgment of; deceive
- derangement - a state of disorder or insanity; mental disturbance
- determinative - serving to decide or define; a deciding factor or marker
- disremember - to fail to remember; forget (dialectal)
- enthralling - capturing and holding one's attention completely; fascinating
- esthesis - the capacity for sensation or perception
- excruciation - intense physical or mental torment; agony
- exhibitionism - the tendency to display oneself or behave so as to attract attention
- exhibitionistic - characterized by a desire to show off or attract attention
- extrapolate - to infer or estimate beyond known data by extending a trend
- gratuitous - uncalled for; given or done without good reason
- guiltily - in a manner showing awareness of wrongdoing
- heedfulness - careful attention or mindfulness
- imperceivable - unable to be perceived by the senses or mind
- impetuous - acting hastily and without thought; impulsive
- implant - to insert or fix firmly, especially within the body or mind
- imprudence - lack of caution or good judgment; rashness
- impulsively - in a way driven by sudden impulse rather than thought
- inattention - lack of attention or notice; failure to concentrate
- inconceivable - impossible to imagine or believe
- inconspicuous - not clearly visible or attracting attention
- injudicial - not in accordance with sound judgment or proper legal procedure
- instantiate - to represent an abstract idea by a concrete instance; in computing, to create an object from a class
- intellectualism - devotion to or emphasis on intellect and rational thought
- judicious - having or showing good judgment; prudent
- keenness - sharpness of mind, perception, or eagerness
- mechanically - in a manner relating to machines, or automatically without thought
- memorialize - to preserve the memory of; to commemorate
- mentation - mental activity; the process of thinking
- miscalculation - an error in reckoning, judgment, or estimation
- misconceive - to understand or interpret wrongly
- misdirection - the act of directing wrongly or diverting attention to deceive
- mull - to think over or ponder, or to heat and spice a drink
- noncommittal - not revealing one's opinion or intentions
- nonrational - not based on or governed by reason
- noumenon - a thing as it is in itself, independent of perception (Kantian)
- ostentation - showy display intended to impress or attract attention
- percipient - having keen perception or insight
- perspicacious - having keen mental discernment and understanding
- perspicacity - keenness of insight or judgment
- prepossession - a preconceived opinion or bias; a preoccupation
- prudence - careful good judgment in managing practical affairs
- psychoanalyst - a practitioner who treats mental disorders using psychoanalysis
- punctilious - showing great attention to detail or correct behavior
- questionable - open to doubt; of dubious honesty or value
- rashly - in a hasty manner without due thought of the consequences
- retentivity - the capacity to retain something, especially memory or magnetism
- shrewd - having sharp practical judgment and astuteness
- stubbornness - dogged refusal to change one's mind or course
- stupefy - to make someone unable to think clearly; to astonish greatly
- subconsciousness - the part of the mind below conscious awareness
- thoughtfully - in a manner showing careful thought or consideration for others
- undoubtably - without doubt; undoubtedly
- unengaging - failing to attract interest or attention
- unheed - to disregard or pay no attention to
- unnecessarily - more than is needed; without good reason
- unquestionably - beyond doubt; certainly
- upstage - to draw attention away from another, especially to outshine them
- visualize - to form a mental image of something; to make visible
- warp - to bend or twist out of shape, or to distort the mind or judgment
- minion - A loyal servant of another, usually a more powerful being.
- optimum - most desirable possible under a restriction expressed or implied
- piebald - Spotted or blotched, especially in black and white.
- pied - Decorated or colored in blotches.
- tentative - unsettled in mind or opinion
- unseen - Not seen or discovered; invisible.
- indubitable - Clearly true; providing no possibility of doubt.
- rum - A spirit distilled from various preparations of sugarcane, particularly fermented cane sugar and molasses.
- frenzy - A state of wild activity or panic.
- dialogue - A conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals.
- revolt - make revolution
- short-sighted - Near-sighted; myopic; unable to focus on distant objects.
- wreath - Something twisted, intertwined, or curled.
- unwelcome - not welcome
- whereabouts - the general location where something is
- coiffure - To style or arrange hair.
- self-knowledge - Knowledge or insight into one's own character, abilities, feelings, or motivations; self-understanding.
- forethought - Thinking beforehand or in advance, planning; prior or previous consideration.
- supposititious - Spurious; substituted for the genuine, counterfeit; fake.
- shovel - dig with or as if with a shovel
- vista - the visual representation of a region
- clockwork - A mechanism powered by a coiled spring and regulated by some form of escapement; the power is transmitted through toothed gearwheels and used to drive a mechanical clock, toy, or other device.
- muller - A machine that mixes clay and sand under a roller for use in preparing a mould for metal casting.
- compresent - existing or occurring together at the same time or in the same experiential field
- sense-data - the immediate contents of sensory experience, considered as objects of awareness
- sense-datum - one item or content of immediate sensory awareness
- unreflecting - not thinking carefully before acting or speaking
- daffle - to confuse, bewilder, or stupefy, especially with noise
- antrims - Northern English dialect, historically plural: doubts, hesitations, or misgivings
- contradistinguish - to distinguish one thing from another by contrasting their different or opposite qualities
- psycho-cerebral - relating jointly to mental phenomena and the brain, especially to correlations between psychological and cerebral events
- preconceive - to form an idea, opinion, or expectation before having sufficient evidence or experience
- telepathist - a person believed to receive or transmit thoughts directly without using the known senses
- unsuggestible - not readily influenced by suggestion, persuasion, or another person's expectations
- nonsensational - philosophy and psychology: not consisting of, accompanied by, or directly derived from sensation

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