Word Formation & Derivatives

durable C1

/ˈdʊɹəbəl/ Able to last a long time without breaking or wearing out. M S

apprenticeship C1

/əˈpɹɛn.tɪs.ʃɪp/ A period of training in which someone learns a skilled trade by working with an expert. M S

rudimentary C1

/ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛntəɹi/ Basic; involving only the simplest or most essential parts. M S

heifer C1

/ˈhɛfə(ɹ)/ A young female cow that has not yet had a calf. M S

mythological C1

/ˌmɪθəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ Relating to myths or mythology. M S

stimuli C1

/ˈstɪm.jʊˌlaɪ̯/ Things that cause a reaction or response in people, animals, or things (plural of stimulus) M S

profess C1

/prəˈfɛs/ To claim or declare something openly, sometimes without it being true. M S

upheaval C1

/ʌpˈhi.vəl/ A big and often sudden change that causes trouble or confusion. M S

regulator C1

/ˈɹɛɡ.ju.leɪ.tɚ/ An official person or body that sets and enforces the rules of an industry or activity. M S

decision-making C1

/dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ/ The process of making choices, especially important ones. M S

stately C1

/ˈsteɪtli/ Grand, impressive, and dignified in appearance. M S

impersonation C1

/ˌɪmpɝsəˈneɪʃən/ The act of pretending to be another person. M S

uneventful C1

/ˌəniːˈvɛntfəl/ Without anything interesting, exciting, or unusual happening. M S

substantially C1

/səbˈstænʃəli/ By a large amount; to a great degree. M S

cleanly C1

/ˈklɛnli/ In a neat, smooth, and precise way. M S

norms C1

/ˈnɔrmz/ Accepted standards or ways of behaving that are usual in a society or group. M S

inequality C1

/ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ An unfair difference between groups of people, especially in wealth or opportunity. M S

subtly C1

/ˈsʌt.l̩.li/ In a quiet, delicate way that is not obvious or easy to notice. M S

overseer C1

/ˈəʊvəˌsiːə(ɹ)/ A person who watches over and directs the work of others. M S

sceptical C1

Doubtful about whether something is true, right, or worthwhile. M S

long-time C1

Having been the case for a long time; of long duration. M S

carpentry C1

/ˈkɑːrpəntri/ The skill or work of making and repairing things out of wood M S

clammy C1

/ˈklæmi/ Unpleasantly cold and damp, often describing skin. M S

dismay C1

/dɪsˈmeɪ/ A strong feeling of disappointment, sadness, or alarm. M S

succulent C1

/ˈsʌkjələnt/ Full of juice and very pleasant to eat. M S

deteriorate C1

/dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/ To become worse over time. M S

antiquated C1

/ˈæntɪˌkweɪtɪd/ Old-fashioned and no longer useful or suitable for modern times. M S

marginal C1

/ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/ Very small in size or effect; not important. M S

consolidate C1

/kənˈsɑ.lə.deɪt/ To combine several things into a single, more effective whole. M S

pragmatic C1

/pɹæɡˈmætɪk/ concerned with practical matters M S

post-war C1

Belonging to the period just after a war. M S

dutiful C1

/ˈduːtiːfəl/ Doing what you are supposed to do out of a sense of duty and respect. M S

tactful C1

/ˈtæktfəl/ Careful not to say or do anything that might upset or offend other people. M S

reliability C1

/riːˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ The quality of being trustworthy and able to be depended on to work well or behave correctly. M S

wares C1

/wɛɹz/ Goods or products that are offered for sale. M S

impersonator C1

/ˌɪmˈpɝːsəneɪtɝ/ An entertainer who copies the voice and manner of famous people. M S

prolific C1

/pɹəˈlɪf.ɪk/ Producing a great deal of work, results, or output. M S

occupant C1

/ˈɑ.kjə.pənt/ A person who lives in or uses a place such as a house, room, or vehicle. M S

illumination C1

/ɪˌlumɪˈneɪʃən/ painting or drawing included in a book, especially referring to illuminated medieval manuscripts M S

impervious C1

/ɪmˈpɝ.vi.əs/ Not affected or influenced by something, such as criticism or emotion. M S

voracious C1

/vɔːˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/ Eating or wanting food in very large amounts. M S

empirical C1

/ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl/ Based on observation, experiment, or real experience rather than on theory. M S

acoustics C1

/əˈkuː.stɪks/ The qualities of a room or building that affect how clearly sound can be heard in it. M S

dependence C1

/dɪˈpɛndəns/ The state of needing or relying on someone or something. M S

viciously C1

/ˈvɪʃəsli/ In a violent and cruel way. M S

enterprising C1

/ˈɛntɝˌpraɪzɪŋ/ Showing imagination, energy, and a readiness to take on new projects. M S

justly C1

/ˈdʒʌstli/ In a fair and reasonable way. M S

reminiscent C1

/ˌɹɛməˈnɪsnt/ Reminding you of someone or something (usually followed by 'of'). M S

formulate C1

/ˈfɔː(ɹ)mjʊleɪt/ To create or develop a plan, idea, or theory through careful thought. M S

fiendish C1

/ˈfiːndɪʃ/ Extremely cruel or evil. M S

notwithstanding C1

/ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/ In spite of; despite. M S

conditional C1

/kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/ Depending on a particular condition being met first. M S

advantageous C1

/ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒ(i)əs/ Giving a benefit or putting one in a better position. M S

accumulation C1

/əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ The process of gradually gathering or building up over time. M S

institutional C1

/ˌɪn.stɪˈtju.ʃə.nəl/ Relating to or involving a large organization such as a bank, hospital, or university. M S

detrimental C1

/ˌdɛtɹɪˈmɛntəl/ Causing harm or damage. M S

ethically C1

/ˈɛθɪkəli/ In a way that follows accepted moral principles. M S

depiction C1

/dɪˈpɪk.ʃən/ A picture or description of someone or something. M S

implementation C1

/ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən/ The act of putting a plan, decision, or idea into practice. M S

prophetic C1

/pɹəˈfɛtɪk/ Correctly predicting or seeming to predict what will happen in the future M S

effortless C1

/ˈɛfə(ɹ)tlɪs/ done so well that it seems to need no effort M S

alienate C1

/ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/ To make someone stop being friendly or supportive towards you. M S

literacy C1

/ˈlɪtəɹəsi/ The ability to read and write. M S

omission C1

/oʊˈmɪʃən/ something that has been omitted M S

substitution C1

/ˌsʌb.stɪˈtu.ʃən/ The act of putting one thing or person in place of another. M S

elitist C1

/eɪˈliːtɪst/ Believing that a small group of privileged people should have the most power or be treated as the best. M S

veneration C1

/ˌvɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ Deep respect, reverence, or admiration for someone or something. M S

inclusive C1

/ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ Welcoming and fair to everyone, especially people who are often left out. M S

portrayal C1

/ˌpɔɹˈtɹeɪ.əl/ The way someone or something is described or represented. M S

designate C1

/ˈdez.ɪɡ.nət/ To officially choose someone or something for a particular purpose or role. M S

predominantly C1

/pɹɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/ Mostly; mainly. M S

showy C1

/ˈʃoʊ.i/ Attracting attention by being bright, large, or fancy, sometimes in a tasteless way. M S

subscriber C1

/səbˈskɹaɪbɚ/ A person who pays to regularly receive a publication or service. M S

perpetuate C1

/pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/ to make something, especially something bad, continue for a long time M S

speculative C1

/ˈspɛkjuləˌtɪv/ Based on guessing rather than firm knowledge or evidence. M S

acidic C1

/əˈsɪ.dɪk/ Containing acid, or having a pH lower than 7. M S

eclectic C1

/ɛkˈlɛk.tɪk/ Made up of a wide mixture of styles, ideas, or things chosen from many sources. M S

inexplicably C1

/ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbli/ In a way that cannot be explained or understood. M S

insertion C1

/ɪnˈsɝʃən/ The act of putting one thing into another. M S

cleverness C1

/ˈklɛvɚnəs/ The quality of being quick to understand, learn, or think of ideas. M S

fanciful C1

/ˈfænsɪfl̩/ Imagined rather than based on facts; unrealistic. M S

unwavering C1

/ˌənˈweɪvəɹɪŋ/ Firm and steady, never weakening or changing. M S

monotony C1

/məˈnɑtəni/ The dull sameness that comes from doing the same thing over and over with no variety. M S

resonate C1

/ˈɹez.əˌnæɪt/ To be meaningful or important to someone; to connect with their feelings or beliefs. M S

rediscover C1

/riːdɪˈskʌvɝ/ To find or experience again something you had lost or forgotten. M S

applicable C1

/əˈplɪk.ə.bəl/ Relevant to a particular person, thing, or situation; able to be used in a given case. M S

retention C1

/ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/ The act of keeping something rather than losing or giving it up. M S

long-standing C1

Having existed or continued for a long time. M S

non-profit C1

/ˌnɑːnˈprɔfɪt/ Not run in order to make a profit; using any money earned to support its aims. M S

authenticate C1

/ɔˈθɛn.tɪ.keɪt/ to establish the authenticity of something M S

empower C1

/ɪmˈpaʊə(ɹ)/ To give someone the confidence, strength, or ability to control their own life and decisions. M S

abolition C1

/ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery) M S

unoccupied C1

/əˈnɑːkjəˌpaɪd/ Not being used or filled; empty. M S

motley C1

/ˈmɑtli/ Made up of many different and oddly mixed kinds of people or things. M S

wooded C1

/ˈwʊdɪd/ Covered with trees. M S

remedial C1

/ɹɪˈmi.di.əl/ Intended to help students improve skills they are weak in. M S