Decuplet is from decuple ('tenfold'), itself from Latin decuplus, with the diminutive/collective suffix -et, modeled on words like triplet and quintuplet. The ancestry passes through Latin decuplus, Latin decem, and Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. In present use as a noun, it means "a group or set of ten; ten notes played in one beat", keeping the historical formation close to the word's ordinary semantic work. Related words include decuple, decade, and decimal. The surrounding word family keeps the same base visible in decuple, decade, and decimal, showing how the headword belongs to a larger cluster rather than standing alone.