Word Formation & Derivatives

incumbent C2

/ɪnˈkʌmbənt/ Currently holding an official position, especially in politics. M S

spontaneity C2

/ˌspɑːntəˈniːəti/ The quality of doing things naturally and on impulse, without planning. M S

methodology C2

/ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ The set of methods and procedures used to do something in a particular field. M S

testy C2

/ˈtɛsti/ easily irritated or annoyed M S

unnerving C2

/ˈʌnˈnɜːvɪŋ/ Making someone feel nervous, uneasy, or afraid. M S

prissy C2

/ˈpɹɪsi/ Too concerned with proper behaviour and easily shocked; prim and fussy. M S

resuscitation C2

/rɪˌsəsɪˈteɪʃən/ The act of bringing an unconscious or apparently dead person back to life M S

magnificence C2

/mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns/ the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand M S

recuperate C2

/ɹɪˈk(j)uːpəˌɹeɪt/ To recover, especially after an illness, injury, or exhaustion. M S

lyrical C2

/ˈlɪɹɪkəl/ Expressing deep personal emotion in a beautiful way. M S

assimilate C2

/əˌsɪmˌleʈ/ To take in and fully understand new information or ideas. M S

carnivorous C2

/kɑɹˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ relating to or characteristic of carnivores M S

notoriety C2

/noʊ.tɚ.aɪ.ə.ti/ The state of being famous for something bad or shameful. M S

intermediary C2

/ˌɪn(t)ɚˈmidiˌɛɹi/ A person who acts as a link between two sides to help them reach an agreement. M S

proprietary C2

/pɹəˈpɹaɪ.əˌtɛɹ.i/ Owned by a particular company and protected by patents, trademarks, or copyright. M S

magnanimous C2

/mægˈnænəməs/ Generous and forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone weaker. M S

depressive C2

/dɪˈprɛsɪv/ Relating to or showing depression; gloomy and low in spirit. M S

vulgarity C2

/vʌlˈɡɜɹɪti/ the quality of lacking taste and refinement M S

voluptuous C2

/vəˈlʌp.t͡ʃu.əs/ displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses M S

skepticism C2

/ˈskɛp.tɪˌsɪ.zəm/ doubt about the truth of something M S

catty C2

/ˈkæti/ marked by or arising from malice M S

parameter C2

/pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/ A factor or limit that defines or sets the boundaries of something. M S

volley C2

/ˈvɑli/ a tennis return made by hitting the ball before it bounces M S

belligerent C2

/bəˈlɪd͡ʒ.ə.ɹənt/ Aggressive and eager to argue or fight. M S

allotment C2

/əˈlɔt.mɛnt/ An amount of something given to a person or set aside for a purpose. M S

mediate C2

/ˈmidieɪt/ To help opposing sides reach an agreement by acting as a neutral go-between. M S

thorny C2

/ˈθɔɹni/ bristling with perplexities M S

menial C2

/ˈmiːni.əl/ Describing work that is boring, low in status, and needs little skill. M S

resounding C2

/riːˈsaʊndɪŋ/ Very great and unmistakable; emphatic M S

reciprocate C2

/ɹɪˈsɪpɹəˌkeɪt/ alternate the direction of motion of M S

stagnant C2

/ˈstæɡnənt/ not growing or changing M S

skeptic C2

/ˈskɛp.tɪk/ someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs M S

embody C2

/ɪmˈbɑdi/ To be a perfect example of a quality or idea in a real, visible form. M S

condolence C2

/kənˈdoʊləns/ an expression of sympathy with another's grief M S

materialistic C2

/məˌtɪəɹ.i.əˈlɪs.tɪk/ Caring too much about money and possessions. M S

lecherous C2

/ˈlɛt͡ʃ.ɚ.əs/ given to excessive indulgence in sexual activity M S

austerity C2

/ɔˈstɛɹɪti/ A government policy of cutting public spending and raising taxes to reduce debt. M S

precocious C2

/pɹəˈkəʊʃəs/ Showing skills or maturity at an unusually early age, especially in a child. M S

bereft C2

/bəˈɹɛft/ Completely lacking something; deprived of it. M S

procedural C2

/pɹəˈsiːd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəl/ Relating to an established way of doing something, especially official rules or methods. M S

redundancy C2

/ɹɪˈdʌndən(t)si/ The loss of a job because the work is no longer needed, or the act of dismissing such workers. M S

primeval C2

/pɹaɪ̯ˈmi.vəl/ Belonging to the earliest ages of the world; very ancient. M S

fabled C2

/ˈfeɪbəld/ Famous in stories or legends. M S

posturing C2

/ˈpɑːstʃɝɪŋ/ Behaviour or talk meant to impress others rather than to be sincere. M S

parasitic C2

/ˌpɛɹ.əˈsɪt.ɪk/ Relating to or caused by parasites, which live on or in another organism. M S

hapless C2

/ˈhæplɪs/ Unlucky in a way that brings misfortune; ill-fated. M S

mariner C2

/ˈmæɹɪnɚ/ A sailor, especially one who works on a ship at sea. M S

ejection C2

/əˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ the act of forcing out someone or something M S

procreate C2

/ˌpɹəʊkɹiˈeɪt/ have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant M S

ferocity C2

/fəˈɹɑsɪti/ Extreme fierceness or violence. M S

parable C2

/ˈpæɹ.ə.bəl/ A short story that teaches a moral or religious lesson. M S

abhor C2

/æbˈhɔɹ/ To hate something deeply; to find it utterly disgusting. M S

cloister C2

/ˈklɔɪstɚ/ A covered walkway around an open courtyard, usually in a monastery or cathedral M S

shoal C2

/ʃəʊl/ A large group of fish swimming together. M S

angular C2

/ˈæŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ Having sharp corners or pointed shapes rather than smooth, rounded ones. M S

spousal C2

/ˈspaʊzəl/ relating to a spouse M S

prejudicial C2

/ˌprɛdʒəˈdɪʃəl/ tending to favor preconceived ideas M S

fertilize C2

/ˈfɜː(ɹ)tɪlaɪz/ provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to M S

rickety C2

/ˈrɪkəti/ Weak and likely to break or collapse; poorly built or worn out. M S

dilation C2

/ˌdaɪˈleɪʃən/ the act of expanding an aperture M S

subsidy C2

/ˈsɐbsɪdi/ Money given by a government or organization to help support a business or activity. M S

euphoric C2

/juˈfɔɹɪk/ Feeling or showing intense happiness and excitement. M S

boisterous C2

/ˈbɔɪstəɹəs/ violently agitated and turbulent M S

proportional C2

/prəˈpɔrʃənəl/ Changing in size or amount in a way that matches another thing. M S

ascendant C2

/əˈsɛndənt/ most powerful or important or influential M S

indignant C2

/ɪnˈdɪɡ.nənt/ Feeling or showing anger because something seems unfair or wrong. M S

deficient C2

/dɪˈfɪʃənt/ Not having enough of something that is needed. M S

instantaneously C2

/ˌɪnstənˈtæniːəsli/ At once, with no delay at all. M S

disintegration C2

/dɪsˌɪnd.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ a loss (or serious disruption) of organization in some system M S

transcendent C2

/tɹæn(t)ˈsɛndənt/ beyond and outside the ordinary range of human experience or understanding M S

delicatessen C2

/ˌdɛlɪkəˈtɛsən/ A shop that sells high-quality cooked meats, cheeses, and other ready-to-eat foods. M S

materialize C2

/məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/ To actually happen or become real, especially after being planned or expected. M S

vocational C2

/voʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ Relating to a job, or to the skills and training needed for a particular kind of work. M S

fraternal C2

/fɹəˈtɝnəl/ (of twins) derived from two separate fertilized ova M S

verily C2

/ˈvɛɹ.əl.i/ Truly; in truth (now old-fashioned or formal). M S

regulatory C2

/ˈɹɛɡ.jə.ləˌtɔ.ɹi/ Relating to official rules that control how something is done. M S

fruition C2

/fɹuˈɪʃən/ The point at which a plan or effort is finally achieved and produces results. M S

painstaking C2

/ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ/ Done with great care, attention to detail, and effort. M S

seamless C2

/ˈsiːmləs/ perfectly consistent and coherent M S

dispersal C2

/dɪˈspɝːsəl/ The act of spreading or scattering things or people over a wide area. M S

retrospective C2

/ˌɹɛt.ɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛk.tɪv/ Looking back on or relating to the past. M S

substantiate C2

/səbˈstænʃiˌeɪt/ To prove that something is true by giving evidence. M S

mutilate C2

/ˈmjuː.tɪˌleɪt/ destroy or injure severely M S

fluctuation C2

/flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/ An irregular rise and fall in something; a continual change. M S

nonchalant C2

/ˌnɑn.ʃəˈlɑnt/ Calm and relaxed, showing that you are not worried or interested. M S

prostrate C2

/ˈpɹɑstɹeɪt/ Lying flat on the ground, usually face down. M S

reclusive C2

/rɪˈkluːsɪv/ Choosing to live alone and avoid contact with other people. M S

curate C2

/ˈkjʊɹɪt/ To carefully select and organize items, such as art, content, or products. M S

irrevocable C2

/iˈɹɛvəkəbəl/ Impossible to change, reverse, or take back; final. M S

constrained C2

/kənˈstɹeɪnd/ Limited or restricted in what can be done. M S

flighty C2

/ˈflaɪti/ Acting on silly, sudden ideas rather than careful thought; not reliable. M S

intangible C2

/ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/ hard to pin down or identify M S

breadwinner C2

/ˈbɹɛdˌwɪnɚ/ The person whose earnings are the main source of income for a household. M S

indiscriminate C2

/ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmənət/ not marked by fine distinctions M S

overlay C2

/ˌoʊvɚˈleɪ/ To lay or spread something over the surface of something else. M S

floodgates C2

/ˈflʌdˌgeɪts/ Gates that control the flow of water; often used figuratively for whatever is holding back a sudden rush of something. M S