confounded

C2+ Topic:Describing Qualities

US /kənˈfaʊndɪd/ UK /kənˈfaʊndɪd/ See IPA manual

adj

Meanings

1

adj
bewildered, or used as a mild oath of annoyance

That confounded machine has jammed again.

Thesaurus

Synonyms

1 adj · bewildered, or used as a... bewilderedbaffledperplexed confused mystified damned cursed

Opposites

clear enlightened unperturbed

Word family

Forms confoundedly

Derived forms confoundedlyconfoundedness

Related forms confoundconfoundingconfounder

Etymology

Past participle of confound, from Old French confondre, from Latin confundere ('to pour together, confuse'), from con- ('together') + fundere ('to pour'). The mild-oath sense arose as a euphemistic minced form of 'damned'.

confundere Latin fundere Latin

View etymology graph ->

Topics

Describing Qualities Word Formation & Derivatives

# confounded

**Type:** Word
**Level:** C2+
**Part of speech:** adj
**IPA (US):** kənˈfaʊndɪd
**IPA (UK):** kənˈfaʊndɪd

## Meanings
1. bewildered, or used as a mild oath of annoyance

## Examples
- That confounded machine has jammed again.

## Synonyms
- bewildered
- baffled
- perplexed
- confused
- mystified
- damned
- cursed

## Antonyms
- clear
- enlightened
- unperturbed

## Derived Forms
- confoundedly
- confoundedness

## Related Forms
- confound
- confounding
- confounder

## Roots and Affixes
- Root: confundere
- Root: fundere

## Etymology
Past participle of confound, from Old French confondre, from Latin confundere ('to pour together, confuse'), from con- ('together') + fundere ('to pour'). The mild-oath sense arose as a euphemistic minced form of 'damned'.

## AI Etymology
Confounded is the past participle of confound, from Old French confondre, from Latin confundere ('to pour together, confuse'), from con- ('together') + fundere ('to pour'). The mild-oath sense arose as a euphemistic minced form of 'damned'. The historical trail runs through Latin confundere and Latin fundere. Morphologically, the surface form is analyzable into prefixes, suffixes, compounds, or participial endings that carry part of the history. The later sense follows a semantic development already present in the word's history. In modern use it means bewildered, or used as a mild oath of annoyance. Derived formations include confoundedly, confoundedness; related forms include confound, confounding, confounder.

## Topics
- Describing Qualities
- Word Formation & Derivatives

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