**Type:** Word
**Level:** C1
**Part of speech:** prep, adv, conj
**IPA (US):** /ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/
**IPA (UK):** /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/
**Frequency rank:** 31190

## Meanings
1. In spite of; despite.
2. In spite of that; nevertheless.
3. Although; even though.

## Examples
- Notwithstanding the bad weather, the festival went ahead as planned.
- The plan was risky; he persisted, notwithstanding.
- Notwithstanding that she was tired, she finished the whole report.

## Roots and Affixes
- Root: notwithstandinge

## Etymology
From Middle English notwithstandinge, notwithstondyng, natwithstandyng, equivalent to not + withstanding. Compare Middle English notgainstonding, not aȝenstondynge, of similar meaning and formation.

## AI Etymology
Notwithstanding is from Middle English notwithstandinge, notwithstondyng, natwithstandyng, equivalent to not + withstanding. Compare Middle English notgainstonding, not aȝenstondynge, of similar meaning and formation. The analysis is mainly morphological: the modern adverbial form is built from the named base and affix. In present-day use, it can mean in spite of; despite, or in spite of that; nevertheless.

## Topics
- Grammar & Function Words
- Word Formation & Derivatives

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