Materials & Substances

DNA B2

/ˌdiˌɛnˈeɪ/ The substance in living cells that carries genetic information and passes on characteristics. Meaning Off Sound Off

hook B2

/hʊk/ A curved piece of metal or plastic used to hang, hold, or catch things. Meaning Off Sound Off

badge B2

/bæd͡ʒ/ A small piece of metal, plastic, or cloth worn to show who you are, your rank, or that you belong to a group. Meaning Off Sound Off

leak B2

/liːk/ A hole or crack that lets liquid or gas pass through by accident. Meaning Off Sound Off

patch B2

/pæt͡ʃ/ A piece of material used to cover and repair a hole in clothing or another object. Meaning Off Sound Off

sack B2

/ˈsæk/ A large bag made of strong material like cloth or paper, used for carrying things. Meaning Off Sound Off

dough B2

/doʊ/ a thick, moldable mixture of flour and liquid, often with other ingredients, that is baked into bread or pastry Meaning Off Sound Off

shield B2

/ˈʃiːld/ A broad piece of metal, wood, or other material held in the hand to protect the body in battle. Meaning Off Sound Off

beam B2

/biːm/ A long, thick piece of wood or metal used to support a building or structure. Meaning Off Sound Off

acid B2

/ˈæsəd/ A chemical substance, often sour or corrosive, that reacts with bases and can dissolve metals. Meaning Off Sound Off

flame B2

/fleɪm/ The bright burning gas you see in a fire. Meaning Off Sound Off

gum B2

/ɡʌm/ A sweet, soft substance that you chew but do not swallow. Meaning Off Sound Off

spray B2

/spɹeɪ/ Tiny drops of liquid blown or scattered through the air. Meaning Off Sound Off

concrete B2

/ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ a hard building material made by mixing cement, sand, and water Meaning Off Sound Off

drain B2

/dɹeɪn/ A pipe or channel that carries away waste water or liquid. Meaning Off Sound Off

copper B2

/ˈkɑpəɹ/ A soft reddish-brown metal (symbol Cu) used in wires, pipes, and coins. Meaning Off Sound Off

compound² B2

/kəmˈpaʊnd/ to make a problem or bad situation worse Meaning Off Sound Off

fluid B2

/ˈfluɪd/ A liquid; a substance that flows. Meaning Off Sound Off

pad B2

/pæd/ A thick, soft piece of material used for protection, comfort, or to absorb liquid. Meaning Off Sound Off

thread B2

/θɹɛd/ A thin strand of cotton, silk, or other material used for sewing. Meaning Off Sound Off

fabric B2

/ˈfæb.ɹɪk/ Cloth or material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Meaning Off Sound Off

anchor B2

/ˈæŋ.kɚ/ A heavy metal object dropped from a boat to stop it from moving. Meaning Off Sound Off

rug B2

/ɹʌɡ/ A thick piece of fabric used to cover part of a floor. Meaning Off Sound Off

urine B2

/ˈjʊrɪn/ the liquid waste produced by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and discharged from the body Meaning Off Sound Off

hose B2

/hoʊz/ a long flexible tube used to carry water, gas, or another fluid Meaning Off Sound Off

jingle B2

/ˈdʒɪŋɡəl/ a light, repeated ringing sound made when small metal or glass objects strike one another Meaning Off Sound Off

lens B2

/lɛnz/ A curved piece of glass or plastic that focuses light, used in cameras, glasses, and microscopes. Meaning Off Sound Off

pint B2

/paɪnt/ A unit for measuring liquid, equal to about half a litre. Meaning Off Sound Off

pyramid B2

/ˈpɪrəmɪd/ a solid shape with a polygonal base and triangular sides that meet at a point Meaning Off Sound Off

mercury B2

/ˈmɜɹkjəɹi/ a heavy, silvery chemical element that is liquid at ordinary temperatures Meaning Off Sound Off

publishing B2

/ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/ The business of producing and selling books, magazines, and other written material. Meaning Off Sound Off

coral B2

/ˈkɔɚɹəl/ A hard, stony substance formed in the sea by tiny animals, often building large reefs. Meaning Off Sound Off

cube B2

/kjub/ A solid shape with six equal square sides, like a dice or a box. Meaning Off Sound Off

chunk B2

/t͡ʃʌŋk/ A thick, solid piece of something. Meaning Off Sound Off

cone B2

/ˈkoʊn/ A solid shape with a round flat base and a point at the top. Meaning Off Sound Off

vinegar B2

/ˈvɪnəɡɚ/ A sour liquid made from fermented alcohol, used to flavour or preserve food. Meaning Off Sound Off

cardboard B2

/ˈkɑɹdˌbɔɹd/ A thick, stiff material like heavy paper, used to make boxes. Meaning Off Sound Off

mace B2

/meɪs/ a heavy club, sometimes fitted with a spiked metal head, formerly used as a weapon Meaning Off Sound Off

saliva B2

/səˈlaɪvə/ the clear liquid secreted into the mouth that moistens food and begins digestion Meaning Off Sound Off

pulp B2

/pʊlp/ a soft, wet, shapeless mass made by crushing or breaking down material Meaning Off Sound Off

aluminum B2

/əˈlu.mɪ.nəm/ A light, silvery metal used to make cans, foil, and many other products. Meaning Off Sound Off

incense¹ B2

/ˈɪnsɛn(t)s/ A substance that gives off a sweet smell when it is burned. Meaning Off Sound Off

hopper B2

/ˈhɑːpər/ a funnel-shaped container through which loose material is stored or fed into a machine Meaning Off Sound Off

broth B2

/brɑːθ/ a savory liquid made by simmering meat, fish, or vegetables in water Meaning Off Sound Off

hormone B2

/ˈhoɹmoʊn/ a chemical messenger produced in one part of an organism and carried to other cells or tissues, where it regulates their activity Meaning Off Sound Off

trolley B2

/ˈtrɑːli/ A metal cart on wheels used for carrying goods, especially shopping. Meaning Off Sound Off

eruption B2

/ɪˈɹʌpʃən/ The sudden throwing out of lava, ash, and gas from a volcano. Meaning Off Sound Off

meteorite B2

/ˈmiːtiəˌraɪt/ a piece of rock or metal from space that survives passage through an atmosphere and reaches the ground Meaning Off Sound Off

sewage B2

/ˈsuɪdʒ/ wastewater and solid waste carried away from homes and other buildings through sewers Meaning Off Sound Off

crowbar B2

/ˈkroʊˌbɑːr/ a strong iron or steel bar, often flattened or curved at one end, used as a lever to force things apart Meaning Off Sound Off

ether B2

/ˈi.θɚ/ a substance once thought to fill space and carry light or electromagnetic waves Meaning Off Sound Off

ammonia B2

/əˈmoʊn.jə/ A colourless gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH₃) that has a strong, sharp smell. Meaning Off Sound Off

pebble B2

/ˈpɛb.əl/ A small, smooth, round stone, especially one shaped by water. Meaning Off Sound Off

cannonball B2

/ˈkænənˌbɔːl/ A heavy metal ball that was fired from a cannon in the past. Meaning Off Sound Off

canister B2

/ˈkænɪstɚ/ a usually cylindrical container with a close-fitting lid, used for storing a dry product, film, gas, or other material Meaning Off Sound Off

ozone B2

/ˈoʊzoʊn/ A form of oxygen with three atoms in each molecule; it is a pale blue gas with a sharp smell that forms a layer high in the atmosphere protecting us from the sun. Meaning Off Sound Off

refinery B2

/rɪˈfaɪnərɪ/ A factory where a raw substance such as oil, sugar, or metal is purified. Meaning Off Sound Off

membrane B2

/ˈmɛm.bɹeɪn/ a thin pliable sheet of material Meaning Off Sound Off

denim B2

/ˈdɛnəm/ A strong, heavy cotton fabric, usually blue, used to make jeans. Meaning Off Sound Off

quartz B2

/k(w)ɔɹts/ a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form Meaning Off Sound Off

pH B2

/ˈpiːˈeɪtʃ/ A measure of how acidic or basic a liquid is, on a scale from 0 to 14. Meaning Off Sound Off

mosaic B2

/moʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ a picture or pattern made by arranging small pieces of colored stone, glass, tile, or another material Meaning Off Sound Off

tambourine B2

/ˌtæmbəˈriːn/ a handheld frame drum, usually with small metal disks in its rim that jingle when shaken or struck Meaning Off Sound Off

mallet B2

/ˈmælɪt/ a hammer with a large head, usually made of wood, rubber, or another relatively soft material Meaning Off Sound Off

compost B2

/ˈkɑmpoʊst/ decayed organic material used to fertilize soil and improve its structure Meaning Off Sound Off

piston B2

/ˈpɪstən/ a solid disk or cylinder that moves tightly inside a larger cylinder to transmit pressure or drive a machine Meaning Off Sound Off

disinfectant B2

/ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfɛk.tənt/ a chemical or other agent used on surfaces or objects to destroy or inactivate harmful microorganisms Meaning Off Sound Off

solvent B2

/ˈsɔlvənt/ A liquid that can dissolve other substances. Meaning Off Sound Off

pigment B2

/ˈpɪɡmənt/ a substance that gives color to animal or plant tissue or to another material Meaning Off Sound Off

embankment B2

/ɪmˈbæŋkmənt/ a long raised bank of earth, stone, or other material built to hold back water or support a road or railway Meaning Off Sound Off

stimulant B2

/ˈstɪmjʊlənt/ A substance or drug that makes the body or mind more active. Meaning Off Sound Off

flatulence B2

/ˈflætʃələns/ the presence or release of excessive gas in the digestive system Meaning Off Sound Off

perspiration B2

/ˌpɝspəˈɹeɪʃən/ The salty liquid that comes out of your skin when you are hot or nervous; sweat. Meaning Off Sound Off

carbonate B2

/ˈkɑːrbənət/ a salt or ester of carbonic acid, typically containing the carbonate ion CO3^2- Meaning Off Sound Off

tartan B2

/ˈtɑɹtn̩/ a woven fabric or pattern formed by horizontal and vertical bands of different colors crossing one another Meaning Off Sound Off

cymbal B2

/ˈsɪmbəl/ a round, slightly hollow metal percussion instrument that is struck with a stick or against another cymbal Meaning Off Sound Off

whey B2

/weɪ/ the watery liquid left after milk has curdled and the curds have been removed, especially during cheesemaking Meaning Off Sound Off

phosphate B2

/ˈfɑsfeɪt/ a salt or ester of phosphoric acid Meaning Off Sound Off

fume B2

/ˈfjuːm/ Strong-smelling or dangerous gas, smoke, or vapour. Meaning Off Sound Off

droplet B2

/ˈdrɑːp.lət/ a very small drop of liquid, especially one suspended in a gas or deposited on a surface Meaning Off Sound Off

sealer B2

/ˈsiːlɚ/ a liquid or coating applied to make a surface resistant to air, water, stains, or damage Meaning Off Sound Off

tortoiseshell B2

/ˈtɔː(ɹ)təˌʃɛl/ The hard, mottled brown and yellow material from a turtle's shell, used for ornaments. Meaning Off Sound Off

glassful B2

/ˈɡlæsfʊl/ the amount of liquid or other material that one drinking glass can hold Meaning Off Sound Off

soot B2

/sʊt/ a black powdery or flaky substance produced by incomplete combustion of coal, wood, oil, etc. Meaning Off Sound Off

swab B2

/swɑb/ a small piece of absorbent material used for cleaning or taking samples Meaning Off Sound Off

soak up B2

to absorb liquid or take something in Phrasal verb Meaning Off Sound Off

suck up B2

to draw liquid or another substance inward by suction Phrasal verb Meaning Off Sound Off