Science & Research

Experiments, theories, and the building blocks of the physical world.

532 words

# Science & Research

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 532

## About
Experiments, theories, and the building blocks of the physical world.

## Words by Level

### A1
- science - The study of the physical world through observation and experiment, covering subjects like physics, chemistry, and biology.

### A2
- control - The power to direct, manage, or make decisions about something.
- research - A careful study to discover new facts or information.
- scientific - Relating to science or the way science is done.
- chemical - A substance, such as an element or compound, used in or produced by chemistry.
- atom - The smallest part of a chemical element that can exist.
- energetic - Full of energy and eager to be active.
- energy - The strength and ability to be active without getting tired.
- data - Facts and figures collected for analysis or to draw conclusions.

### B1
- lab - A room or building equipped for scientific work; short for laboratory.
- theory - A set of ideas that explains how or why something happens, supported by evidence.
- experiment - A scientific test done to discover something or to check whether an idea is true.
- oxygen - A colourless, odourless gas that humans and animals need to breathe and that makes up part of the air.
- discovery - Something that is found or learned for the first time.
- analysis - The careful study of something by examining its parts in detail.
- react - To behave in a particular way because of something that has happened.
- observe - To watch someone or something carefully.
- formula - A mathematical or scientific rule written with symbols.
- element - One of the parts that together make up a whole.
- genetic - Relating to genes or to the genes you inherit from your parents.
- physics - The science that studies matter, energy, and how they affect each other.
- chemistry - The science that studies what substances are made of and how they change.
- allergic - Having a bad physical reaction to a particular substance.
- laboratory - A room or building equipped for scientific research, experiments, or analysis.
- biology - The science that studies living things such as plants and animals.
- breakthrough - An important discovery or sudden advance that overcomes a major obstacle.
- enthusiastic - Showing great excitement and interest in something.
- extinction - The situation in which a species or group no longer exists.
- dioxide - A chemical compound that has two oxygen atoms in each molecule.
- genetics - The branch of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from parents to children.
- molecule - The smallest unit of a substance that still has all its chemical properties, made of two or more atoms joined together.
- geology - The science that studies the structure of the earth and its rocks.
- science fiction
- reaction - The way you behave or feel because of something that has happened.
- geologist - a specialist in geology
- oxide - a chemical compound of oxygen with another element
- molecular - relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules
- plasma - (physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors
- reactor - A person who responds to a suggestion, stimulation or other influence.
- meteor - a streak of light produced when a small piece of matter from space enters Earth's atmosphere and becomes intensely hot
- biologist - a scientist who studies living organisms and the processes of life
- orbital - relating to an orbit or to motion around another body

### B2
- vital - Extremely important; essential.
- evolution - The gradual process by which something changes and develops over time.
- blooming - Producing flowers; in flower.
- scientifically - From the point of view of science.
- lifeless - Dead, or appearing to be dead.
- relativity - (physics) The scientific theory that space and time are not fixed but depend on the observer's motion.
- catalyst - Something or someone that causes an important change or event to happen.
- decomposition - The process of rotting and breaking down, caused by bacteria or fungi.
- vigorously - With great energy, force, or determination.
- enthusiastically - In a way that shows great excitement and interest.
- spreadsheet - A computer program that organizes data in a grid of rows and columns for calculation and analysis.
- biotechnology - The use of living things, such as cells or bacteria, to make medicines, foods, and other useful products.
- sulfur - A bright yellow chemical element (symbol S) with a strong smell, used in matches, gunpowder, and many industrial products.
- naturalist - a biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology)
- morphology - the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants
- reproductive - producing new life or offspring
- neutron - an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton
- beta - preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product
- gamma - the 3rd letter of the Greek alphabet
- wavelength - a shared orientation leading to mutual understanding
- subatomic - of or relating to constituents of the atom or forces within the atom
- regeneration - Rebuilding or restructuring; large scale repair or renewal; revitalisation.
- cellular - characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization)
- digestion - learning and coming to understand ideas and information
- telepathic - communicating without apparent physical signals
- interbreeding - reproduction between animals or plants from different populations, breeds, varieties, or closely related species
- ether - a substance once thought to fill space and carry light or electromagnetic waves
- ion - an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative electrical charge because it has lost or gained electrons
- carbonate - a salt or ester of carbonic acid, typically containing the carbonate ion CO3^2-
- evaporation - the process by which a liquid changes into a gas, especially at its surface
- meteorite - a piece of rock or metal from space that survives passage through an atmosphere and reaches the ground
- beaker - a straight-sided, flat-bottomed laboratory container, usually with a pouring lip
- supernova - an extremely energetic stellar explosion that makes a star suddenly become vastly more luminous
- enzyme - a protein or RNA molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction without being consumed by it
- irradiation - the process of exposing a person, organism, food, or material to ionizing radiation
- experimenter - a scientist or researcher who conducts an experiment
- newtonian - relating to Isaac Newton, his scientific work, or the laws and methods derived from it
- gaseous - existing in the physical state of a gas rather than a solid or liquid
- hybridism - the production of hybrids by crossing different species, varieties, or breeds
- hydraulics - the science and engineering of liquids in motion and their use to transmit force
- unfertilized - biology: not fertilized by the fusion of male and female reproductive cells

### C1
- gravity - The natural force that pulls objects toward the earth or toward each other.
- hydrogen - The lightest chemical element (symbol H), a colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas.
- fusion - The act of joining separate things into one, or the result of doing so.
- sap - To slowly drain away someone's strength, energy, or determination.
- genome - The complete set of genetic information in an organism.
- pathway - A path or track for walking.
- gusto - Great energy and enthusiastic enjoyment in doing something.
- statistical - Relating to statistics or the analysis of numerical data.
- empirical - Based on observation, experiment, or real experience rather than on theory.
- formulate - To create or develop a plan, idea, or theory through careful thought.
- calorie - A unit that measures the energy in food and drink.
- aromatic - (chemistry) of or relating to or containing one or more benzene rings
- lackluster - Not impressive; dull and lacking energy or excitement.
- neutralization - The act of stopping something from having an effect by balancing it out.
- lethargically - In a slow, tired way, without energy.
- tertiary - coming next after the second and just before the fourth in position
- variability - the quality of being subject to variation
- embryo - a plant, animal, or human in the earliest stages of development
- unscientific - not consistent with the methods or principles of science
- intercourse - Communication, conversation.
- volcanic - of or relating to igneous rock produced by eruption and solidified on or near the earth's surface
- linguistic - consisting of or related to language
- concealment - The practice of keeping secrets.
- experimentally - in an experimental fashion
- radioactivity - Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.
- fetus - An unborn or unhatched vertebrate showing signs of the mature animal.
- reliance - certainty based on past experience
- ammonium - the ion NH4 derived from ammonia
- cathode - a negatively charged electrode that is the source of electrons entering an electrical device
- reversible - capable of assuming or producing either of two states
- retardation - Ellipsis of mental retardation.
- unrestrained - not subject to restraint
- decanter - A receptacle for decanted liquor, especially a crystal bottle with a stopper.
- heredity - Hereditary transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants.
- lobe - (anatomy) a somewhat rounded subdivision of a bodily organ or part
- materially - with respect to material aspects
- rigidity - The quality or state of being rigid; lack of pliability; the quality of resisting change of physical shape.
- prism - a transparent optical element with flat faces that refracts light, often separating it into colors
- paleontologist - a scientist who studies fossils and life from past geological periods
- attractor - a person, thing, or quality that draws interest, attention, or other things toward it
- interstellar - situated, occurring, or traveling between stars
- alchemist - a person who practices alchemy, historically seeking transformations such as turning base metals into gold
- fulcrum - the fixed support or pivot about which a lever turns
- plasticity - the capacity of a material to be reshaped permanently without breaking
- metabolism - the set of chemical processes by which a living organism converts substances into energy and materials needed for life, growth, and repair
- biochemical - relating to biochemistry or to the chemical substances and processes that occur in living organisms
- ultraviolet - relating to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible violet light, conventionally about 10 to 400 nanometers
- uncharged - having no net electric charge; electrically neutral
- thermal - relating to heat, temperature, or the transfer of heat
- ionization - the generation of one or more ions from atoms, molecules, or other chemical entities, for example through electron loss or gain or through dissociation
- ionize - to convert an atom, molecule, or other chemical entity into one or more ions
- linguistics - the scientific study of human language, including its sounds, structures, meanings, use, acquisition, history, and variation
- crustal - relating to or forming the outer crust of the Earth, Moon, or another planetary body
- antimatter - matter composed of antiparticles corresponding to the particles in ordinary matter
- optics - the branch of physics concerned with light, vision, and the behavior of electromagnetic radiation
- fermentation - a metabolic process in which microorganisms or enzymes convert organic substances, often sugars, without oxygen
- amino - relating to or containing the nitrogen-based amino group, especially in an amino acid
- mutate - to undergo a change in genetic material or another heritable biological change
- pneumatics - the branch of mechanics concerned with gases and their use to transmit force, especially through compressed air
- stargazer - a person who observes the stars, especially an amateur astronomer
- incubate - to keep eggs warm under conditions that allow embryos to develop and hatch
- saturation - the state or process of being completely soaked, filled, or supplied to capacity
- suborbital - following a trajectory that rises into space but does not complete an orbit
- iodine - the chemical element with atomic number 53, a dark halogen that forms a violet vapor when heated
- resonator - an object, chamber, or part of an instrument that vibrates at particular frequencies and strengthens or shapes a sound
- unverified - not yet checked or confirmed as accurate, authentic, or true
- sunspot - a temporary dark region on the Sun's photosphere that is cooler than its surroundings and has intense magnetic activity
- bisexual - in biology, involving or possessing both male and female sexes or reproductive structures
- magnetize - to give a material the properties of a magnet, or to become magnetic

### C2
- hypothesis - An idea put forward to explain something, which can then be tested.
- gravitational - Relating to or caused by gravity.
- vehement - marked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions
- gravitationally - In a way relating to or caused by gravity.
- extant - Still existing; not lost or destroyed.
- leaven - A substance, such as yeast, added to dough to make it rise.
- calorific - Containing a lot of calories and likely to be fattening.
- counterfactual - relating to or expressing what has not happened but could happen under different conditions
- intercrossing - The interbreeding of two strains that have a common ancestry
- fossiliferous - bearing or containing fossils
- paleozoic - of or relating to or denoting the Paleozoic era
- ammonite - one of the coiled chambered fossil shells of extinct mollusks
- embryology - the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms
- classificatory - relating to or involving classification:'classificatory criteria'
- albumen - the white part of an egg
- aestivation - (botany) the arrangement of sepals and petals in a flower bud before it opens
- pubescence - A covering of fine, soft hairs.
- homologous - similar in position, structure, or origin, especially because of shared ancestry
- stigma - a mark of shame or social disapproval
- fertilization - the union of male and female gametes to begin the development of a new organism
- prescience - Knowledge of events before they take place.
- symbiosis - The occurrence of two different or opposing things in the same time and place.
- extrinsic - not forming an essential part of a thing or arising or originating from the outside
- verifiable - capable of being tested, verified or falsified, by experiment or observation
- elliptic - characterized by extreme economy of expression or omission of superfluous elements
- monad - An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible.
- contiguity - A state in which two or more physical objects are physically touching one another or in which sections of a plane border on one another.
- radioactive - exhibiting or caused by radioactivity
- monism - The doctrine that there is a single source of political authority, especially that the church is subordinate to the state or vice versa.
- photoelectric - of or pertaining to photoelectricity
- fluorescence - The emission of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by a material when stimulated by the absorption of radiation or of a subatomic particle.
- electrolysis - The chemical change produced by passing an electric current through a conducting solution or a molten salt.
- elliptical - In a shape of, or reminding of, an ellipse; oval.
- reflexion - Uncommon spelling of reflection.
- inconclusive - Not conclusive, not leading to a conclusion.
- forcible - impelled by physical force especially against resistance
- psychical - Performed by or pertaining to the psyche (the mind, spirit, or both): mental, psychic.
- shingle - cover with shingles
- electromagnetism - magnetism produced by an electric current
- thermodynamics - The science of the conversions between heat and other forms of energy.
- atomistic - Of or pertaining to atoms or to atomism.
- tinge - color lightly
- calcareous - Resembling, containing, or composed of calcium carbonate or limestone; chalky.
- chameleon - A small to mid-size reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue.
- dualism - Duality; the condition of being double.
- prostration - an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion
- unicorn - A mythical horse, widely believed to exist until the 17th century, with a single, straight, spiraled horn projecting from its forehead.
- epistemology - The branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge; the theory of knowledge, asking such questions as "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", "What do people know?", "How do we know what we know?", "How do we know it is true?", and so on.
- phonetic - of or relating to the scientific study of speech sounds
- crate - to put into a crate
- sceptic - someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs
- sedimentary - resembling or containing or formed by the accumulation of sediment
- alluvial - Pertaining to the soil deposited by a stream.
- hyperbolic - enlarged beyond truth or reasonableness
- ivy - Any of several woody, climbing, or trailing evergreen plants of the genus Hedera.
- phonograph - A record player.
- skylight - a window in a roof to admit daylight
- anatomist - One who studies, teaches, writes on, or does research on anatomy and anatomical structures.
- fallibility - The state of being prone to error.
- basalt - the commonest type of solidified lava
- bray - to laugh loudly and harshly
- capitation - A system of remuneration for providers of health care, in which providers enroll patients as permanent clients and receive a fixed (and capped) periodic payment for each enrollee (i.e., per capita).
- chaffinch - small European finch with a cheerful song
- coroner - A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.
- deuterium - An isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron in each atom - 21H.
- larynx - A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, as it houses the vocal cords, sound production.
- watermelon - An environmentalist with socialist leanings, an ecosocialist.
- anatomical - of or relating to the structure of the body
- elk - large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male
- perihelion - The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, etc., where it is nearest to the Sun.
- positron - an elementary particle with positive charge
- transcendental - existing outside of or not in accordance with nature
- engram - A postulated physical or biochemical change in neural tissue that represents a memory.
- evasion - nonperformance of something distasteful, as by deceit or trickery, that you are supposed to do
- inhere - To be inherent; to be an essential or intrinsic part of; to be fixed or permanently incorporated with something.
- paraffin - A petroleum-based thin and colourless fuel oil.
- relativistic - relating or subject to the special or the general theory of relativity
- slaty - of the color of slate or granite
- light-wave - a wave of electromagnetic radiation considered as light
- light-ray - a line or narrow beam representing the path along which light travels
- light-quantum - a quantum of light; a photon
- timelike - relating to a spacetime interval that can connect events by a signal slower than light
- spacelike - relating to a spacetime interval whose endpoints cannot be connected by a light-speed or slower signal
- spatiotemporal - relating to both space and time
- periodicity - the quality of recurring at regular intervals
- reversibility - the quality of being able to be reversed
- world-line - the path of an object through spacetime
- undulatory - moving in waves or relating to wave motion
- stratify - to form, arrange, or deposit something in distinct layers
- intercross - biology and genetics: to breed individuals from two strains or populations
- undulation - a smooth rising-and-falling or back-and-forth movement like a wave
- filament - a very thin thread or fiber of natural or manufactured material
- systematist - a biologist who studies systematics and classifies organisms by their relationships
- evolutionist - a person who accepts, studies, or advocates the theory of biological evolution
- ornithologist - a scientist who studies birds
- rarefy - to make a gas thinner or less dense
- congener - a person or thing of the same kind or class as another
- hermaphroditism - in biology, the condition of having both male and female reproductive organs, either simultaneously or at different life stages
- parasitical - relating to, caused by, or living as a parasite; parasitic
- albino - born with albinism and therefore having little or no melanin pigmentation
- branchial - relating to, resembling, or serving as gills
- evolutionism - a philosophical or social doctrine that treats evolution as a universal process, often identified with progress
- spectroscopic - relating to spectroscopy or to the production, measurement, or analysis of spectra
- datum - one item of factual information used for measurement or reasoning
- vibratory - involving, characterized by, or causing rapid back-and-forth motion or vibration
- vivisection - surgical cutting into, or other invasive experimentation on, a living animal or organism for scientific research
- quantize - physics: to restrict a physical quantity or system to discrete allowed values or states
- refract - to make light, sound, or another wave change direction as it passes between media
- convolution - a twist, coil, or fold, especially one of the folds on the surface of the brain
- corpuscle - a blood cell, especially a red or white blood cell; now chiefly used in older or nontechnical language
- hydrodynamic - relating to the motion of liquids and the forces acting on bodies in moving liquids
- bacillus - any rod-shaped bacterium
- galvanism - electricity produced by chemical action, especially as understood in early electrical science
- phosphorescence - the emission of light by a substance that continues after the source of excitation has been removed
- mineralogist - a scientist who studies the formation, composition, properties, and classification of minerals
- refractive - relating to refraction or to the bending of light, sound, or another wave
- substratum - a layer of material, especially rock or soil, lying beneath another layer
- tapetum - a reflective or pigmented layer of tissue behind or within the retina of the eye
- vivisectionist - a person who practices, advocates, or defends vivisection
- vivisect - to operate on or dissect a living animal for scientific investigation
- atavism - the reappearance in an organism of a trait associated with a remote ancestor
- lodestone - a naturally magnetized piece of magnetite capable of attracting iron
- Martian - of or relating to the planet Mars or its actual or imagined inhabitants
- Eocene - relating to the geological epoch from about 56 to 34 million years ago, between the Paleocene and Oligocene
- luminosity - the quality or degree of giving off or reflecting light; brightness
- suction - the process or force by which reduced pressure draws in a fluid or makes surfaces adhere
- vivisector - a person who performs vivisection or experiments involving operations on living animals
- deliquesce - to absorb moisture from the air until dissolved in the resulting liquid
- scoria - rough, dark, porous lava formed when gas-rich molten rock cools
- zodiac - the belt of the sky centered on the ecliptic through which the sun, moon, and visible planets appear to move
- integument - a natural outer covering that protects an organism or one of its parts, such as skin, a shell, or a seed coat
- trituration - the act or process of crushing, rubbing, or grinding a substance into fine particles
- biophysical - relating to biophysics or to the application of physical principles and methods to biological systems
- anode - the electrode at which oxidation occurs in an electrochemical cell; it is negative in a cell supplying current and positive when external power drives the reaction
- fluorescent - emitting visible or other electromagnetic radiation while excited by absorbed radiation or energetic particles, with the emission usually ending almost at once when excitation stops
- spectrograph - an instrument that separates radiation, sound, or charged particles into a spectrum and records or maps the resulting distribution
- uranyl - the linear dioxouranium(VI) cation UO2^2+, a common structural unit in uranium(VI) compounds and complexes
- diffract - of a wave or particle beam, to spread or change direction through interference after meeting an edge, aperture, or periodic structure
- spectrometer - an instrument that separates radiation, particles, or signals into a spectrum and measures their intensity or abundance by wavelength, frequency, energy, or mass-to-charge ratio
- cyclotron - a circular particle accelerator in which a magnetic field bends charged particles into an expanding spiral and an alternating electric field accelerates them whenever they cross the gap between electrodes
- deuteron - the nucleus of a deuterium, or hydrogen-2, atom, consisting of one proton bound to one neutron
- pion - any of three unstable spin-zero mesons, positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral, made from combinations of up and down quarks and antiquarks
- nebula - an interstellar cloud of gas and dust, often associated with the formation or death of stars
- spectroscope - an instrument that disperses electromagnetic radiation into its component wavelengths so that the resulting spectrum can be viewed or examined, especially in visible light
- isotropy - the property of a system or medium whose relevant physical or statistical properties are the same in every direction; invariance under rotation at a given point
- electrostatic - relating to stationary electric charges, the fields and forces they produce, or devices that use those forces
- graviton - a hypothetical massless spin-2 boson that would be the quantum carrier of gravity in a quantum theory of the gravitational field
- interferometer - an instrument that superimposes two or more waves and analyzes their interference pattern to make precise measurements of distance, wavelength, refractive index, or related quantities
- muon - an unstable elementary lepton with about 207 times the electron's mass; the negative muon has the electron's charge, and its antiparticle is the positive antimuon
- meson - a hadron with integer spin, conventionally composed of a quark and an antiquark bound by the strong interaction; pions and kaons are mesons
- synchrotron - a circular particle accelerator in which radiofrequency electric fields accelerate charged particles while a synchronized magnetic field keeps them on a fixed closed path as their energy increases
- asteroid - a natural rocky or metallic body smaller than a planet that orbits a star, especially one orbiting the Sun
- pseudopod - a temporary projection of a cell's cytoplasm used for movement, feeding, or engulfing material
- consilience - agreement between conclusions reached independently from different kinds of evidence
- phosphor - a substance that emits light after being excited by radiation or another form of energy, as in fluorescent lamps and display screens
- supernatant - lying or floating above a denser liquid, sediment, or precipitate
- nonscience - a subject, practice, or body of claims that is not science or does not use scientific methods
- positronium - an unstable exotic atom consisting of an electron bound to its antiparticle, a positron, with no atomic nucleus
- submicroscopic - too small to be seen with an ordinary microscope; smaller than microscopic scale
- antiparticle - a subatomic particle with the same mass and spin as another particle but opposite charge or other quantum numbers
- antiproton - the antiparticle of the proton, with the same mass but a negative electric charge
- transuranic - of a chemical element, having an atomic number greater than uranium's atomic number of 92
- antineutron - the antiparticle of the neutron, with the same mass and no net electric charge but opposite baryon number
- galaxy - a vast gravitationally bound system of stars, gas, dust, dark matter, and other astronomical objects
- quasar - an extremely luminous active galactic nucleus powered by matter falling into a supermassive black hole
- effervesce - to give off bubbles of gas; to fizz or foam
- gibbous - having more than half but less than all of the visible disk illuminated, especially of the moon
- stratification - the formation, arrangement, or classification of something into distinct layers
- mineralogy - the branch of geology that studies minerals, including their composition, structure, properties, and classification
- peptone - a water-soluble mixture of peptides and amino acids produced by the partial hydrolysis of protein
- precessional - relating to precession, the slow change in the orientation of a rotating body's axis or orbit
- heterozygous - having two different alleles at a particular gene locus
- homozygous - having two identical alleles at a particular gene locus
- heterozygote - an organism or cell having two different alleles at a particular gene locus
- pleistocene - the geological epoch from about 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago, preceding the Holocene
- amoeba - a single-celled organism that changes shape and moves or feeds by extending pseudopodia
- mitosis - cell-nuclear division in which duplicated chromosomes separate into two genetically equivalent nuclei
- crossover - a crossing or transition from one place, group, activity, or system to another
- karyotype - the complete chromosome set of an individual or species, considered by number and visible structure
- meiosis - cell division in which one diploid cell undergoes two divisions to produce four haploid cells
- mutant - an organism, cell, gene, or other biological entity that carries a mutation
- photomicrograph - a photograph made through a microscope so that a highly magnified subject can be recorded
- autosomal - relating to an autosome, or inherited through a chromosome other than a sex chromosome
- centromere - the constricted region of a chromosome where the kinetochore forms and sister chromatids remain joined during cell division
- chromosomal - relating to, carried on, or caused by chromosomes
- geneticist - a scientist who specializes in genes, heredity, and genetic variation
- homozygote - an organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specified genetic locus
- infrared - using or relating to electromagnetic wavelengths longer than visible red light but shorter than microwaves
- metaphase - the stage of mitosis or meiosis in which condensed chromosomes align before being separated
- mutagenic - capable of causing genetic mutation, or relating to the production of mutations
- mutational - relating to, caused by, or resulting from genetic mutation
- polymorphism - the occurrence of two or more distinct forms or genetic variants within a population
- polypeptide - a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, forming all or part of a protein
- polyploidy - the condition or process of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes in a cell or organism
- radiational - relating to, involving, or caused by radiation
- radioisotope - a radioactive isotope of an element, whose unstable nuclei decay and emit radiation
- infecundity - inability or reduced ability to reproduce; lack of fertility
- aphelion - the point in the orbit of a planet, comet, or other body at which it is farthest from the Sun
- unobservable - not capable of being directly seen, measured, detected, or otherwise observed
- dynamical - relating to dynamics, forces, or the laws governing motion and change
- kinematic - relating to motion considered without reference to the forces or masses that cause it
- pre-Copernican - existing before Nicolaus Copernicus's work or before acceptance of the heliocentric model associated with him
- anatomize - to analyze a subject, argument, or character in minute detail
- orrery - a mechanical model that shows the relative positions and movements of bodies in the solar system
- congelation - the process or result of congealing, especially changing from a liquid to a solid by cooling
- bacteriologist - a scientist who specializes in the study of bacteria
- ecliptic - the great circle on the celestial sphere representing the Sun's apparent yearly path
- breccia - rock composed of angular fragments cemented together in a finer-grained matrix
- parthenogenetic - produced by or relating to reproduction in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg
- plutonic - of igneous rock formed when magma cools and solidifies deep below the earth's surface
- Jurassic - relating to the second period of the Mesozoic Era, approximately 201 to 145 million years ago
- plasm - biology, now rare: the living substance of a cell; protoplasm
- ornithology - the branch of zoology concerned with the scientific study of birds
- precession - the slow conical motion of a spinning body's rotation axis, usually caused by an external torque
- telegony - historical genetics: the discredited belief that a female's previous mate can influence offspring later conceived with another mate
- mineralize - to convert a substance into mineral or inorganic form, as in fossilization, bone formation, or carbon storage
- metamorphic - relating to rock altered by intense heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids without fully melting
- Silurian - relating to the geological period between the Ordovician and Devonian, about 444 to 419 million years ago
- Carboniferous - relating to the geological period between the Devonian and Permian, about 359 to 299 million years ago
- geocentric - treating Earth as the center, especially in an astronomical model of the universe
- heliocentric - treating the sun as the center, especially in an astronomical model of the solar system
- phlogiston - a hypothetical fire-like substance once thought to exist in combustible materials and to be released during burning
- exogenous - originating outside an organism, system, or process
- globule - a very small round mass, particle, or drop of a liquid or softened solid
- prepotency - an unusual ability of one parent, individual, or strain to transmit its characteristics strongly to offspring
- unisexual - having the reproductive characteristics or organs of only one sex rather than both
- azoic - containing no evidence of life or dating from a time believed to precede life
- lenticular - shaped like a lens, especially convex on both sides
- pellicle - a very thin skin, membrane, or film covering a surface
- fecundation - fertilization through the union of male and female reproductive cells
- homology - similarity between structures, genes, or features because they derive from a common evolutionary ancestor
- baryta - an older chemical name for barium oxide, or more broadly for certain barium compounds such as barium hydroxide
- polestar - the North Star, used as a fixed point for finding direction
- stalactite - an icicle-shaped mineral deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave
- pliocene - the geological epoch about 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago, immediately before the Pleistocene
- pipette - a narrow graduated tube used to measure or transfer a small quantity of liquid
- stardust - fine particles of matter originating in stars or present in interstellar space
- paleontological - relating to paleontology or to the study of life in the geological past through fossils
- conchologist - a person who studies or collects mollusc shells, especially for scientific classification
- hybridization - the crossing of genetically different organisms, varieties, or species to produce hybrids
- hybridize - to cross genetically different organisms, varieties, or species, or to produce hybrid offspring
- nodule - a small rounded lump, knot, or mass in tissue, rock, or another material
- paleontology - the scientific study of prehistoric life through fossils and other remains preserved in rocks
- vesicle - a small membrane-bound sac or cavity in a cell or organism, often containing fluid or another substance
- coccus - a bacterium with a spherical or roughly spherical shape
- bisulfate - the hydrogen sulfate ion, HSO4-, which is formed when sulfuric acid loses one proton
- homologize - to identify or demonstrate that structures in different organisms correspond because of shared evolutionary origin
- mongrelize - to crossbreed plants or animals so that their offspring have mixed ancestry
- serrature - a row or arrangement of sawlike notches or teeth along an edge
- trilobite - an extinct Paleozoic marine arthropod with a segmented exoskeleton divided lengthwise into three lobes
- ichthyologist - a scientist or specialist who studies fish
- pangenesis - Darwin's disproved hypothesis that every part of an organism releases hereditary particles which collect in reproductive cells and can be passed to offspring
- helix - a three-dimensional curve that winds around an axis at a constant slope, as in a screw or spiral staircase
- tuff - rock formed from compacted or cemented volcanic ash and other fine volcanic fragments
- conchological - relating to conchology, the scientific study and classification of mollusc shells
- nitric - relating to nitrogen, especially nitrogen in a relatively high oxidation state
- prussic - dated in chemistry: relating to hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid, especially in the term prussic acid
- deliquescent - chemistry: absorbing enough moisture from the air to dissolve gradually and form a solution
- phrenology - historical: a discredited system that claimed a person's character and mental faculties could be read from the shape of the skull
- entomology - the scientific study of insects, including their classification, anatomy, behavior, ecology, and relationships with humans
- igneous - geology: formed when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies
- infusorial - historical biology: relating to, containing, or formed from Infusoria, a former broad grouping of microscopic aquatic organisms
- Miocene - the geological epoch from about 23 million to 5.3 million years ago, within the Neogene Period
- foxfire - the faint glow produced by bioluminescent fungi growing on decaying wood
- parthenogenesis - reproduction in which an embryo develops from an unfertilized egg
- costal - anatomy: relating to a rib or the ribs
- tannin - any of a group of astringent plant compounds that bind proteins and are found in bark, leaves, fruit, tea, and wine
- hygrometer - an instrument for measuring humidity, especially the relative humidity of the air
- iodic - relating to iodine, especially to compounds in which iodine has oxidation state +5, such as iodic acid and iodates
- parenchymatous - consisting of, relating to, or affecting parenchyma, the functional or softer tissue of an organ
- Devonian - the geological period of the Paleozoic Era between the Silurian and Carboniferous periods, about 419 to 359 million years ago
- ethnologist - a scholar who studies and compares peoples, cultures, and social institutions, especially within the field of ethnology
- lactic - relating to, derived from, or occurring in milk
- Neanderthal - a member of an extinct human species, Homo neanderthalensis, that lived in Europe and western Asia until about 40,000 years ago
- gemmule - a small asexual reproductive bud or resistant cluster of cells, especially one produced by a sponge or another simple organism
- exsert - to thrust, extend, or cause a body part or structure to project outward
- terraqueous - consisting of both land and water, especially in the phrase terraqueous globe for Earth
- cilium - a microscopic hairlike projection from a eukaryotic cell, used for movement, moving fluid, or sensing the environment
- triturate - to crush, rub, or grind a substance thoroughly into fine particles or powder
- volatilize - to cause a substance to become vapor, or to pass off as vapor
- agglutinate - to cause particles, cells, or other separate things to stick together in a clump or mass, or to undergo such clumping
- lamina - a thin layer, plate, sheet, or scale of material
- spiculum - biology: a small sharp needle-like structure, especially a skeletal element of a sponge or other invertebrate
- homolog - a biological structure, organ, gene, or other feature that shares a common evolutionary origin with a corresponding feature
- stria - a narrow stripe, streak, or band, especially one of a parallel series in tissue, plumage, or another patterned surface
- rugosity - the quality or degree of being rough, wrinkled, or ridged
- lamella - a thin plate, layer, membrane, or sheet forming part of a biological, mineral, or manufactured structure
- pectinate - biology: shaped or arranged like the teeth of a comb
- suborder - taxonomy: a rank below an order and above an infraorder, used to divide a biological order into smaller groups
- undifferentiated - not divided, distinguished, or developed into different parts or types
- unverifiable - not capable of being checked, confirmed, or established as true by available evidence or method
- verifiability - the quality of being capable of being checked or confirmed by evidence, observation, or a specified procedure
- artesian - of groundwater that is confined under pressure and can rise in a well above the level at which it is first reached
- falsification - the showing or proving that a claim, hypothesis, or statement is false
- geocentrism - the astronomical model or belief that Earth is stationary at the center of the universe or of the motions of the heavenly bodies
- pilus - A hair.
- cosmology - the scientific study of the origin, structure, development, and possible fate of the universe
- alchemical - relating to alchemy, an early tradition concerned with transforming matter
- hypophosphite - Any salt of hypophosphorous acid
- compressive - that compresses
- electrochemical - of or involving electrochemistry
- electrolytic - of or concerned with or produced by electrolysis
- electrolyze - to decompose by means of, or as a result of electrolysis.
- levitation - the phenomenon of a person or thing rising into the air by apparently supernatural means
- luminiferous - producing or transmitting light; luminous.
- protoplasm - the living contents of a cell, including its cytoplasm and nucleus
- psychophysiology - the study of relationships between psychological processes and physiological activity

### C2+
- ebullient - cheerful and full of energy; exuberant
- languid - displaying a pleasant lack of energy or a relaxed slowness
- notional - existing only in theory or as a supposition; hypothetical
- obligate - to bind legally or morally; in biology, restricted to one mode of life
- sluggish - slow-moving, inactive, or lacking energy
- enervate - to weaken or drain of energy, strength, or vitality
- lackadaisical - lacking enthusiasm, energy, or determination
- torpid - sluggish, inactive, or mentally dull; lacking energy
- analytic - relating to or proceeding by analysis; logically rigorous
- doctrinaire - rigidly adhering to a theory or doctrine regardless of practicality
- empiric - one who relies on observation or experiment; an unqualified practitioner
- invigorate - to give strength, energy, or fresh vitality to
- mutation - a change in form or structure, especially a heritable change in genetic material
- rudiment - a basic principle or element, or an undeveloped beginning of something
- zeal - great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective
- alchemy - the medieval forerunner of chemistry seeking to transmute metals into gold
- axiomatization - the formulation of a theory as a set of axioms from which theorems derive
- behaviorism - the psychological theory that behavior can be explained by conditioning
- counterpoint - a contrasting element set against another; combined melodic lines
- evolutional - of or relating to evolution or gradual development
- feeler - an antenna or tentacle, or a tentative proposal to test reaction
- formulaic - following a set formula; predictable and unoriginal
- frisky - lively, playful, and full of energy
- inhibitor - a substance or agent that slows or prevents a reaction or process
- invigoration - the act of giving strength, energy, or fresh vitality
- kilocalorie - a unit of energy equal to one thousand calories
- kiteflying - the flying of kites; also the floating of a rumor to test reaction
- nonempirical - not based on observation or experiment
- nonexciting - not exciting; dull or, in physics, not causing excitation
- radiative - relating to or transferring energy by radiation
- revisionist - one who advocates revising an accepted theory, doctrine, or history
- sluggishness - the state of being slow, dull, or lacking energy
- smeddum - spirited energy, mettle, or resourcefulness (Scots dialect)
- strenuous - requiring or using great effort or energy
- theorize - to form a theory or speculate about something
- virile - having strength, energy, or qualities regarded as masculine
- inosculation - a natural or surgical joining of parts or branches of tubular structures so as to make or become continuous
- experimentise - To experiment.
- poker - One who pokes.
- slate - designate or schedule
- malignant - Harmful, malevolent, injurious.
- causeway - to provide with a causeway
- unattainable - impossible to achieve
- extort - obtain by coercion or intimidation
- well-nigh - Almost, nearly.
- infusorium - a microscopic aquatic organism, especially a protozoan or unicellular alga, formerly grouped with organisms found in infusions; historical biology
- mu-meson - dated, the former name for the muon, used when that particle was mistakenly classified as a meson rather than a lepton
- pi-meson - a pion, any of three unstable spin-zero mesons with positive, negative, or zero charge, formed from combinations of up and down quarks and antiquarks
- cetology - the branch of zoology concerned with cetaceans, including whales, dolphins, and porpoises
- antigalaxy - a hypothetical galaxy composed predominantly of antimatter rather than ordinary matter
- antideuteron - the antiparticle of a deuteron, consisting of an antiproton bound to an antineutron
- antihydrogen - the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen, whose atom consists of a positron bound to an antiproton
- heterozygousness - the condition or quality of having two different alleles at a particular genetic locus
- prenewtonian - existing before Isaac Newton's work or before the adoption of Newtonian science
- pithecanthropus - the former genus Pithecanthropus, especially the Javan fossil hominins now generally classified as Homo erectus
- cosmogonal - relating to cosmogony or to a theory about the origin and development of the universe
- osculant - intermediate between two taxonomic groups and sharing characteristics of each
- carbonic acid - a weak acid, H2CO3, formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water
- cosmogonist - a person who studies the origin and development of the universe or proposes a theory about it
- fecundate - formal: to make an organism, egg, or reproductive structure fertile; to fertilize or impregnate
- nonconductivity - the property or condition of not transmitting heat, electricity, sound, or another form of energy
- aeriform - having the nature or physical form of air; gaseous
- arachnologist - a scientist who specializes in the study of spiders and other arachnids
- patelliform - shaped like a shallow dish or a limpet shell
- germplasm - the hereditary material of a species or breeding line, especially as transmitted through reproductive cells
- silicify - to convert material into silica or impregnate it with silica, especially during fossilization or rock alteration
- labiate - biology: having lips or lip-like parts, especially a flower whose corolla is divided into two lips
- argillocalcareous - geology and soil science: consisting of or containing both clay and calcareous material such as calcium carbonate
- fulgurite - a glassy, often branching tube or crust formed when lightning fuses sand, soil, or rock
- sporule - rare or historical biology: a small spore, especially one produced by a cryptogam or microorganism
- cancellate - formed like an open lattice or network, especially of intersecting bars, plates, or bony struts
- infrasound - sound waves having a frequency below the human audible range (below about 20 Hz).
- interplanetarian - relating to travel, communication, or events between planets; interplanetary

A1 (1)

A2 (8) Pro

B1 (33) Pro

B2 (41) Pro

C1 (69) Pro

C2 (307) Pro

C2+ (73) Pro

More topics

Keyboard Shortcuts

General