## Etymology
Gerund of the verb pan, from pan (the vessel), from Old English panne, of West Germanic origin, probably an early borrowing from Latin patina 'shallow dish'. The criticism sense comes from the image of washing away dross to leave only worthlessness.

## AI Etymology
Panning is the gerund of the verb pan, from pan (the vessel), from Old English panne, of West Germanic origin, probably an early borrowing from Latin patina 'shallow dish'. The criticism sense comes from the image of washing away dross to leave only worthlessness. The etymological trail includes Old English panne and Latin patina. As a noun, panning means the act of washing sediment to separate gold, or of harshly criticizing. The same family is visible in related forms such as pan. The uncertainty belongs to the older derivation, so the explanation should preserve alternatives rather than choosing one unsupported origin.

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