penalization C2+ Topic:Actions & Processes US /ˌpinələˈzeɪʃən/ UK /ˌpiːnəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ See IPA manual Meanings 1 noun the act of subjecting someone to a penalty or disadvantage The new rule allowed penalization of repeat offenders. Thesaurus Synonyms 1 noun · the act of subjecting... punishmentpenaltysanctiondisciplinehandicap ↔ Opposites rewardexemption Word family Related forms penalpenalizepenalty Etymology AI details From penalize (penal + -ize) + -ation. Penal derives from Latin poenalis, from poena ('penalty, punishment'). poenalis Latin poena Latin View etymology graph -> Topics Actions & Processes Word Formation & Derivatives External links Cambridge Dictionary Wiktionary Google Images # penalization **Type:** Word **Level:** C2+ **Part of speech:** noun **IPA (US):** /ˌpinələˈzeɪʃən/ **IPA (UK):** /ˌpiːnəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ ## Meanings 1. the act of subjecting someone to a penalty or disadvantage ## Examples - The new rule allowed penalization of repeat offenders. ## Synonyms - punishment - penalty - sanction - discipline - handicap ## Antonyms - reward - exemption ## Related Forms - penal - penalize - penalty ## Roots and Affixes - Root: poenalis - Root: poena ## Etymology From penalize (penal + -ize) + -ation. Penal derives from Latin poenalis, from poena ('penalty, punishment'). ## AI Etymology Penalization is from penalize (penal + -ize) + -ation. Penal derives from Latin poenalis, from poena ('penalty, punishment'). Important recorded forms include poenalis (Latin) and poena (Latin). Morphologically, the word preserves a built structure whose named elements carry the historical sense into English. The modern sense remains close to that composition, with the parts narrowing into a single lexical item. In current use it covers the act of subjecting someone to a penalty or disadvantage. The wider family includes related words such as penal, penalize, and penalty. ## Topics - Actions & Processes - Word Formation & Derivatives markdown