Stupefy is from Latin stupefacere ('to make stunned'), from stupēre ('to be stunned, benumbed') + facere ('to make'); the spelling with -e- reflects the Latin root. Important recorded forms include stupēre (Latin) and facere (Latin). Morphologically, the word preserves a built structure whose named elements carry the historical sense into English. The modern sense is largely compositional, with the historical elements narrowing into a stable English lexical item. In current use it covers to make someone unable to think clearly; to astonish greatly. The wider family includes derived forms such as stupefied, stupefying, and stupefier and related words such as stupefaction, stupor, stupid, and stupendous.