Choler comes from Old French colere ('bile, anger'), from Latin cholera ('bile, bilious disease'), from Ancient Greek kholḗ ('bile, gall'). The historical trail runs through colere in Old French, cholera in Latin, and kholḗ in Ancient Greek. Used as a noun, choler now means "irritability or anger; one of the four medieval humors", so the present definition can be read against the older forms and meanings. The same lexical family is also visible in derived forms such as choleric and related forms such as cholera and melancholy. The result is a borrowed or transmitted form whose modern spelling carries a compact record of its route into English.