Conjugate comes from Latin coniugatus, past participle of coniugare ('to yoke together, join'), from con- ('together') + iugare ('to join'), from iugum ('yoke'). The historical trail runs through coniugare in Latin, iugum in Latin, and *yewg- in Proto-Indo-European. Morphologically, conjugate is transparent: it draws on Latin coniugatus, past participle of coniugare ('to yoke together, join'), from con- ('together') + iugare ('to join'), from iugum ('yoke'). Used as a verb, adjective, and noun, conjugate now means "give the inflected forms of a verb; or joined together as a pair", so the present definition can be read against the older forms and meanings. The same lexical family is also visible in derived forms such as conjugation, conjugated, conjugately, and conjugacy and related forms such as conjugal, yoke, subjugate, and jugular. The result is a borrowed or transmitted form whose modern spelling carries a compact record of its route into English.