invidious comes from Latin invidiosus 'envious, hateful', from invidia 'envy, ill will', from invidere 'to look askance at, envy', from in- 'upon' plus videre 'to see'. Morphologically, the prefixed shape matters: the initial element belongs to the recorded formation and helps explain the modern form's surface analysis. In present English, the adjective sense is "likely to arouse resentment or unfair distinction; offensive", so the historical development ends in a clearly identifiable modern dictionary use. The same base also appears in related forms such as envious and envy, and in derivatives such as invidiously and invidiousness. Its semantic neighborhood includes offensive, odious, hateful, and resentful, which helps locate the modern sense without adding a separate etymological claim. The named historical forms include Latin invidia and Latin videre.