Communication

Speaking, listening, writing, and the art of being understood.

759 words

# Communication

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 759

## About
Speaking, listening, writing, and the art of being understood.

## Words by Level

### A1
- oh - Used to express surprise.
- tell - To give someone information by speaking or writing.
- say - To speak words; to tell something in speech or writing.
- maybe - Perhaps; possibly.
- call - To telephone someone.
- talk - To say things; to speak to someone.
- listen - To pay attention to a sound with your ears.
- ask - To say something to someone in order to get an answer or information.
- word - A single unit of language that has meaning and can be spoken or written.
- read - To look at written or printed words and understand their meaning.
- speak - To say words using your voice.
- question - A sentence asking for information or an answer.
- answer - Something you say or write in reply to a question, letter, or request.
- write - To make letters, words, or symbols on a surface, usually with a pen or pencil.
- goodbye - Said when leaving someone or ending a conversation.
- message - A short piece of information sent from one person to another, spoken or written.
- letter - A written or printed message that you send to someone, usually by mail.
- address - the details of where someone lives or where a building is
- reading - The activity of looking at and understanding written words.
- note - A short piece of writing to help you remember something.
- language - A system of words and grammar used by the people of a particular country or community to communicate.
- conversation - A talk between two or more people in which they exchange news and ideas.
- example - A particular thing chosen to show what a larger group is like.
- discuss - To talk about something with other people, often to share ideas or make a decision.
- desk - A table where you sit to write, read or work, often with drawers.
- telephone - A device used to talk with someone over a distance by converting sound into electrical signals.
- spell - To say or write the letters of a word in the correct order.
- describe - To say what someone or something is like using words.
- email - A message sent from one person to another using computers and the internet.
- topic - A subject that people talk, write, or learn about.
- reader - A person who reads, or who reads a particular publication.
- underline - To draw a line under a word or text, usually to draw attention to it.
- last name
- English - the West Germanic language that originated in England and is now spoken in many countries around the world
- okay - used to express agreement, acceptance, or readiness to move on

### A2
- sign - A board or notice that gives information, directions, or a warning.
- copy - Something made to look exactly like another thing.
- speech - A formal talk given to an audience.
- solve - To find the answer to a problem or question.
- review - A written or spoken opinion that judges a book, film, product, or performance.
- wow - Used to express excitement, surprise, or admiration.
- voice - The sound a person makes when speaking or singing.
- explain - To make something clear or easy to understand by describing it.
- mention - To talk or write about something briefly.
- apparently - According to what you have heard or read, though you are not certain.
- audience - The people watching or listening to a performance, speech, or program.
- statement - Something you say or write to express a fact or opinion clearly.
- request - To ask for something politely or formally.
- text - The written words of a book, document, or other piece of writing.
- clue - A piece of information that helps you find an answer or solve a problem.
- negative - Bad, harmful, or unwanted.
- chat - To talk in a friendly, informal way.
- tone - The quality of a person's voice that shows how they feel.
- express - To show or make known your thoughts or feelings in words or actions.
- mysterious - Difficult to understand or explain; strange and puzzling.
- script - The written text of a play, film, or broadcast.
- ending - The last part of a story, film, or event
- response - A reply to a question, request, or message.
- represent - To act or speak officially for a person, group, or country.
- communication - The act of sharing information or ideas with others.
- discussion - A conversation in which people talk about something and share their ideas.
- error - A mistake or something done wrong by accident.
- speaker - A device that produces sound from a phone, computer, or stereo.
- reply - To answer, in speech or writing.
- pronounce - To make the sound of a word or letter.
- context - The situation or set of facts that surround an event and help you understand it.
- chirp - A short, high, cheerful sound made by a small bird or insect.
- pronunciation - The way in which a word or language is spoken.
- punctuation - The marks used in writing, such as commas, full stops, and question marks, that make the meaning clear.
- capital letter
- text message
- listener - A person who listens, especially to a speech, music, or a broadcast.
- um - a sound used while hesitating, thinking, or searching for words
- er - a sound used while hesitating or searching for words
- thank-you - an expression, message, gift, or other acknowledgment of gratitude
- shh - used to ask or tell someone to be quiet
- Spanish - the Romance language originating in Spain and spoken widely in Spain, Latin America, and elsewhere
- whoa - used as a command for a horse or other animal to stop or slow down
- postage - the charge paid for sending a letter or parcel through the postal system
- ouch - used to express sudden physical pain
- hooray - used to express joy, approval, or celebration
- yep - informal: yes; used to give an affirmative answer or confirm a statement
- uh - used to mark hesitation, uncertainty, or a pause while speaking

### B1
- swear - To use rude or offensive language.
- written - Expressed in writing rather than spoken.
- doc - An informal word for a doctor.
- spoken - Past participle of speak.
- leading - Most important, best, or most successful.
- rolling - Rising and falling in gentle slopes, used to describe land.
- accent - the way someone pronounces words, showing where they come from
- comment - Something you say or write that gives your opinion or reaction.
- respond - To say or write something back; to reply.
- announce - To tell people about something officially or publicly.
- declare - To announce something publicly or officially.
- platform - The area beside the tracks at a station where you get on and off a train.
- negotiate - To discuss something with others in order to reach an agreement.
- presentation - A talk in which you show or explain something to a group of people.
- persuade - To make someone agree to do or believe something by giving them good reasons.
- initial - Happening at the very beginning; first.
- define - To explain the exact meaning of a word or idea.
- definition - A statement that explains the meaning of a word or phrase.
- translate - To change words from one language into another.
- greeting - Something you say or do to welcome someone or acknowledge them.
- riddle - A puzzle or question that is hard to answer and often has a clever or tricky answer.
- stem - The main upright part of a plant that supports the leaves and flowers.
- oral - Spoken rather than written.
- convey - To communicate or make a feeling, idea, or message known.
- mailbox - A box where letters are delivered to or collected from.
- literary - Relating to literature or written works.
- attach - To fasten or join one thing to another.
- applaud - To show approval by clapping your hands.
- alphabet - The complete set of letters used to write a language.
- aloud - In a voice that can be heard, not silently.
- attachment - A file sent together with an email or message.
- unfold - To open out something that was folded.
- proclaim - To announce something publicly and clearly.
- fluent - Able to speak or write a language easily and accurately.
- modify - To change something slightly, especially to improve it.
- complement - Something that goes well with another thing and makes it better or complete.
- narrate - To tell a story or describe events in speech or writing.
- characterize - To describe the qualities of someone or something.
- vowel - A speech sound made with the mouth open and the air flowing freely, such as the sounds of a, e, i, o, and u.
- telecommunications - The sending of information such as voice, text, and images over long distances by phone, radio, or the internet.
- consonant - A speech sound made by blocking the airflow, such as b, t, or s; also a letter representing it.
- inscribe - To write or carve words onto a surface, often as a lasting record.
- adverb - A word that describes or adds meaning to a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, such as 'quickly' or 'very'.
- addressee - the person that a letter or message is sent to
- suffix - A group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning.
- message board
- question mark
- label - A small piece of paper or other material attached to something to give information about it.
- translation - Words or text that have been changed from one language into another.
- yo - informal: a greeting or call used to attract someone's attention
- aha - used to express sudden understanding, discovery, or recognition
- restate - to state something again, often in clearer or different words
- misread - to read words, figures, or signs incorrectly
- Arabic - a Semitic language spoken across North Africa and the Middle East and used as the liturgical language of Islam
- restatement - the act of expressing something again, often more clearly or in different words
- Japanese - relating to Japan, its people, culture, or language
- chatterer - a person who talks rapidly, continuously, or about unimportant things

### B2
- dumb - Stupid or silly (informal).
- attached - Feeling fondness or affection for someone or something.
- tag - A small label attached to something to give information or identify it.
- draft - An early version of a piece of writing that you may still change.
- panel - A group of people who discuss, judge, or answer questions in public.
- info - Information; facts or details about something.
- reminder - A message or note that helps you remember something.
- translator - A person whose job is to change written text from one language into another.
- likewise - In the same way; similarly.
- metaphor - A way of describing something by calling it something else to suggest they are alike, without using 'like' or 'as'.
- brag - To talk with too much pride about what you have or have done.
- posh - Elegant, luxurious, and often expensive.
- interpretation - the meaning or explanation you give to something that is not clear.
- deliberate - Done on purpose, not by accident.
- subtitle - Words shown on screen that translate or write out the dialogue in a film or show.
- interpret - to decide what something means; to understand it in a particular way.
- verbal - Spoken rather than written.
- forum - A place, meeting, or website where people exchange ideas and opinions.
- scramble - To climb or move quickly using your hands and feet, especially over rough ground.
- completion - The act of finishing something, or the state of being finished.
- murmur - To speak very softly and unclearly.
- slang - Very informal words and expressions used in everyday speech rather than formal language.
- forthcoming - Going to happen or appear soon.
- imagery - Vivid language that creates pictures in the reader's mind, especially in writing.
- rejoin - To join or come back to a group, place, or activity after leaving it.
- repetition - The act of doing or saying something again.
- converse - To talk with someone; to have a conversation.
- specify - To state something clearly and exactly.
- comprehension - the ability to understand something
- coherent - Logical, clear, and well organized, with all the parts fitting together.
- illustrate - To make something clearer by giving an example or comparison.
- prose - Ordinary written or spoken language, as opposed to poetry.
- verbally - In spoken words rather than in writing.
- falter - To become weaker or less steady; to lose strength or confidence.
- caption - A short piece of text printed under a picture to explain it.
- illustration - A picture or drawing in a book, magazine, or other text.
- scribble - To write or draw something quickly and carelessly.
- sonnet - A poem of fourteen lines with a fixed rhyme scheme.
- sneer - To smile or speak in a way that shows scorn or contempt.
- stammer - To speak with difficulty, repeating sounds or pausing nervously.
- synonym - A word or phrase that means the same, or nearly the same, as another.
- generalize - To make a broad statement that is supposed to apply to many cases, based on only a few examples.
- bookish - Very fond of reading and studying.
- communicative - Willing to talk and share information with others.
- subjunctive - Relating to a verb form used to show wishes, doubts, or things that are not facts.
- fluency - The ability to speak or write a language smoothly and easily.
- indent - To begin a line of text further from the margin than the other lines.
- referent - The thing in the world that a word or phrase refers to.
- italicize - To print or write words in italics, the slanted style of letters
- first language
- charade - an absurd pretense intended to create a pleasant or respectable appearance
- clamor - loud and persistent outcry from many people
- troll - someone who deliberately provokes or harasses people online
- whine - to complain in an irritating, high-pitched, or drawn-out voice; informal and disapproving
- advocacy - public support for an idea, cause, policy, or course of action
- legible - clear enough to be read or deciphered
- intonation - the pattern of rising and falling pitch in a person's speech
- gibberish - speech or writing that is unintelligible, incoherent, or meaningless
- postmark - an official mark stamped on mail that usually records where and when it entered the postal system and cancels the stamp
- mouthpiece - the part of a pipe, musical instrument, telephone, or similar device placed at or near the mouth
- postscript - a note added to a letter after the signature, usually introduced by P.S.
- ditto - in the same way; with the same statement applying to what follows
- crier - historical: an official who publicly announced news, proclamations, or court proceedings
- whisperer - a person who speaks very quietly or in whispers
- unburden - to relieve yourself of worries, guilt, or secrets by telling someone about them
- Dutch - relating to the Netherlands, its people, culture, or language
- fib - a small or relatively harmless lie
- reword - to express the same statement or idea again using different words
- misinterpretation - an incorrect understanding or explanation of something

### C1
- articulate - To express your thoughts or feelings clearly in words.
- query - A question, especially one asking for information or expressing a doubt.
- instrumental - Playing an important part in making something happen.
- screenplay - The written script for a film or television show, including dialogue and stage directions.
- vocal - Expressing your opinions openly and forcefully.
- preach - To give a religious talk, especially in a church service.
- dictate - To speak words aloud for someone else to write down or record.
- accountable - Responsible for your actions and expected to explain or justify them.
- documentation - Written records or papers that prove or support something.
- dub - To give someone or something a nickname or descriptive name.
- rendering - A particular version or interpretation of a work, especially a performance.
- confer - To talk with others in order to discuss something or reach a decision.
- discourse - Serious discussion or the exchange of ideas about a subject, in speech or writing.
- depict - To show something in a picture, painting, or photograph.
- scoff - To speak about someone or something in a mocking, scornful way.
- literacy - The ability to read and write.
- designate - To officially choose someone or something for a particular purpose or role.
- insertion - The act of putting one thing into another.
- pathos - A quality in something that makes you feel pity or sadness.
- ventilate - To let fresh air move through a room or building.
- stylistic - Relating to style, especially in writing, art, or language.
- explanatory - Helping to explain something or make it clearer.
- stylistically - In terms of style, especially in writing, art, or language.
- interjection - A word or short phrase used to express sudden emotion, such as "wow" or "ouch."
- monotonously - In a boring way that never changes or has any variety.
- unconvincingly - In a way that fails to persuade or seem believable.
- diatribe - a forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something
- equivocation - the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself
- harangue - a lengthy and aggressive speech or lecture
- inflection - a change in the form of a word to show grammatical features
- lampoon - to publicly criticize someone or something by using ridicule or sarcasm
- pontificate - to express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way
- prepend - to add something at the beginning of a string or text
- analogical - expressing, composed of, or based on an analogy
- interchangeable - (mathematics, logic) such that the arguments or roles can be interchanged
- prevaricate - To speak or act in a manner that is intentionally ambiguous or evasive; equivocate.
- exemplify - to serve as a clear example of something
- self-assertion - the confident expression of one's opinions, rights, or wishes
- inquirer - formal: a person who asks a question or seeks information
- twitter - to make a rapid series of light, high-pitched chirping sounds, especially as a bird
- whimper - to cry or make a weak, soft, intermittent sound from fear, pain, or distress
- drawl - to speak slowly, prolonging vowel sounds
- inexpressible - so strong, unusual, or profound that it cannot adequately be put into words
- outcry - a strong and often public expression of anger, protest, or disapproval
- undertone - a quiet or subdued tone of voice or sound
- lisp - a speech pattern or disorder in which sibilant sounds such as s and z are articulated atypically
- broach - to introduce a difficult or sensitive subject for discussion
- deary - an affectionate, old-fashioned, or sometimes patronizing form of address, especially to a woman or child
- hoax - a deliberately fabricated story, warning, or event intended to deceive people
- indecipherable - impossible or extremely difficult to read or decode
- yap - to give a quick, sharp, high-pitched bark or cry
- eavesdrop - to listen secretly to a private conversation without the speakers' knowledge
- witticism - a clever and humorous remark, often with a sharp or ironic edge
- keynote - the central idea, prevailing tone, or most important feature of something
- monosyllable - a word or utterance consisting of one syllable
- retraction - a public withdrawal of a statement, accusation, claim, or published finding
- intone - to say something slowly and solemnly, often with little variation in pitch
- symposium - a formal meeting at which specialists give presentations and discuss a particular subject
- letterhead - a printed heading on stationery that identifies a person or organization, often with an address and logo
- congratulatory - expressing pleasure and praise for someone's success, good fortune, or special occasion
- voiceless - unable to speak or produce a normal vocal sound
- misrepresentation - the act or an instance of giving a false, inaccurate, or misleading account of someone or something
- smirk - to smile in a smug, condescending, scornful, or self-satisfied way
- rant - to speak, write, or shout at length in a loud, angry, or uncontrolled way
- attribution - the act of regarding something as caused, created, or possessed by a particular person or thing
- confirmatory - serving to confirm, support, or corroborate a statement or conclusion
- repartee - a quick, witty reply
- reciter - a person who recites a poem, speech, or other text aloud, often from memory
- introducer - a person or thing that brings someone, something, or an idea into use, notice, or acquaintance
- telegraphic - relating to, sent by, or using the telegraph
- sermonize - to speak as though delivering a sermon, especially by giving prolonged moral advice or criticism
- going-over - informal: a severe scolding, reprimand, or beating
- good-day - dated or formal: a greeting or farewell equivalent to good day
- hogwash - informal: foolish, false, or meaningless talk or writing; nonsense
- squabble - a noisy, undignified quarrel, usually about something petty or unimportant
- morse - Morse code, a system representing letters and numbers by sequences of short and long signals
- hullabaloo - a loud commotion, uproar, or noisy fuss
- miscall - to call or name a person or thing incorrectly
- undiscussed - not considered, examined, or talked about in discussion
- swearer - a person who swears an oath or gives sworn testimony
- preachment - a sermon on a moral or religious topic
- indirection - indirect procedure or action
- mishear - to hear words or sounds incorrectly

### C2
- interrogation - The act of questioning someone closely, often by police.
- interrogate - To question someone closely and often aggressively.
- rhetoric - Language used skillfully, especially in speeches, to persuade or impress people.
- proverbial - Used before a word from a well-known saying or metaphor to show you are not speaking literally.
- blubber - To cry loudly and messily, often while struggling to speak.
- verbatim - In exactly the same words; word for word.
- allegory - A story whose characters and events stand for a deeper meaning, often a moral or political one.
- ornate - Decorated with a lot of complicated detail, sometimes too much.
- laryngitis - Inflammation of the larynx (voice box), usually causing a hoarse voice or loss of voice.
- recitation - The act of saying a poem, speech, or passage aloud, usually from memory.
- oratory - addressing an audience formally, usually a long and rhetorical address and often pompous
- twaddle - speak about unimportant matters rapidly and incessantly
- articulation - The act of expressing thoughts or feelings clearly in words.
- arraign - to accuse of a wrong or an inadequacy
- colloquial - Used in ordinary, informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing.
- allegorical - Using a story or symbols to express a deeper, hidden meaning.
- revile - To criticize someone harshly using abusive or insulting language.
- snippet - A small piece or part of something, such as a song, text, or conversation.
- colloquium - An academic meeting or seminar where scholars discuss a topic, often with a guest speaker.
- patois - a regional dialect of a language
- interrogative - Asking a question or expressing inquiry.
- gabble - rapid and indistinct speech
- colloquially - In informal, everyday language.
- rhetorically - In a way that asks a question without expecting an answer.
- enthuse - To talk or write about something with great excitement and enthusiasm.
- blandishment - Flattering words or actions used to coax or persuade someone.
- interrogatively - In a questioning way; as if asking a question.
- denotation - The direct, literal meaning of a word, as opposed to the feelings it suggests.
- soliloquize - To talk to oneself, especially aloud and at length.
- attributive - Describing a word, usually an adjective, that comes directly before the noun it modifies.
- anecdote - a short, often interesting or humorous account of a real incident
- signification - the message that is intended or expressed or signified
- recapitulate - summarize briefly
- conclusively - in a conclusive way
- traduce - to speak maliciously and falsely about someone; to defame
- behemoth - Any great and mighty monster.
- bromide - A dull person with conventional thoughts.
- duplicitous - Given to or marked by deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech.
- enchant - To cast a spell upon (often one that attracts or charms).
- euphony - A pronunciation of letters and syllables which is pleasing to the ear.
- firebrand - An argumentative troublemaker or revolutionary; one who agitates against the status quo.
- fluke - A lucky or improbable occurrence that could probably never be repeated.
- frenetic - Frenzied and frantic, harried; having extreme enthusiasm or energy.
- garble - To pick out such parts (of a text) as may serve a purpose not intended by the original author; to mutilate; to pervert.
- homiletics - The art of preaching (especially the application of rhetoric in theology).
- illiberality - An illiberal word or action
- interlocutor - A person who takes part in dialogue or conversation: a locutive partner.
- invective - Something spoken or written, intended to cast shame, disgrace, censure, or reproach on another.
- logorrhea - Excessive and often uncontrollable speaking due to a mental disorder.
- malapropism - The blundering use of an absurdly inappropriate word or expression in place of a similar-sounding one.
- meld - To combine (multiple things) together; to blend, to fuse.
- morass - Anything that entraps or makes progress difficult.
- neologism - A word or phrase which has recently been coined; a new word or phrase.
- nihilism - the delusion that things, or everything, including the self, do not exist
- picaresque - involving clever rogues or adventurers especially as in a type of fiction
- schadenfreude - Malicious enjoyment derived from observing someone else's misfortune.
- screed - A piece of writing (such as an article, letter, or list) or a speech, especially if long.
- sidereal - (of divisions of time) determined by daily motion of the stars
- sophistry - The actions or arguments of a sophist.
- spate - A sudden heavy downpour of rain.
- stevedore - A dockworker involved in loading and unloading cargo, or in supervising such work.
- tirade - A long, angry or violent speech.
- trite - Often in reference to a word or phrase: used so many times that it is commonplace, or no longer interesting or effective; worn out, hackneyed.
- volubility - the quality of being facile in speech and writing
- wraith - A ghost or specter, especially a person's likeness seen just after their death.
- viz - namely; that is to say, used to introduce a clarification or list
- append - to add something at the end of a document, list, or data structure
- rostrum - a raised platform for a public speaker, conductor, or other prominent person
- entreaty - earnest or urgent request
- summon - to order or ask someone to come
- disavowal - an act or statement denying knowledge of, responsibility for, connection with, or support for something
- typewrite - dated: to write or produce text with a typewriter
- ideogram - a written or graphic symbol that represents an idea or thing without directly representing the sounds of its name
- elucidation - the act or process of making something clear by explaining it
- importunity - persistent and pressing requests or demands, especially when they are troublesome
- expostulate - to reason or protest earnestly with someone in an effort to dissuade or correct them, usually followed by with
- polyglot - a person who can speak or use several languages
- demur - to raise an objection or express reluctance, often politely
- hieroglyphic - written in or relating to a system that uses pictorial symbols, especially ancient Egyptian writing
- badinage - playful, lighthearted teasing or witty conversation
- wile - a clever trick or persuasive stratagem intended to deceive or manipulate someone, often used in the plural
- intercede - to intervene by pleading with a person in authority on someone else's behalf
- clarion - brilliantly clear, loud, and commanding, especially of a voice, sound, or appeal
- disputant - formal: a person who takes part in a dispute, controversy, or debate
- confute - to prove a claim, argument, or person wrong by evidence or reasoning; to refute conclusively
- gesticulation - an expressive movement of the hands, arms, or body, especially one made while speaking
- expostulation - an earnest expression of disagreement, protest, or complaint intended to persuade someone
- quoth - said; an archaic past-tense verb used chiefly before a first- or third-person subject
- vociferation - the act or sound of shouting loudly and vehemently; a clamorous outcry
- snivel - to cry or complain in a weak, tearful way while sniffing
- recrimination - an angry accusation made in response to another accusation, especially as part of an exchange of blame
- defamer - a person who damages another person's reputation by making false or malicious statements
- ventriloquize - to practice ventriloquism, making one's voice seem to come from another source
- gibber - to speak rapidly and incoherently, especially from fear, excitement, or confusion
- epistle - a formal or literary letter, especially a long one
- hearken - to listen attentively or give serious heed, especially in literary or archaic use
- hm - used to show that the speaker is thinking, hesitating, doubtful, or considering what has just been said
- gibe - a mocking or insulting remark intended to wound or provoke
- paraphrase - a restatement of a passage or idea in different words, usually to make its meaning clearer
- disquisition - a long, formal, and methodical discussion or written analysis of a subject
- exoteric - intended or suitable for the general public rather than a restricted inner circle
- sophist - a person who uses clever but fallacious or misleading arguments
- stentor - a person with an exceptionally loud or powerful voice
- shibboleth - a slogan, belief, or custom strongly associated with a group, especially one repeated after it has lost much of its original force or truth
- pabulum - bland, simplistic, or intellectually undemanding material offered as if it were nourishing
- stenograph - to write down or report speech rapidly in shorthand
- stenographic - relating to, written in, or employing shorthand or stenography
- stenography - the art, system, or practice of recording speech rapidly in shorthand or with a stenotype machine
- lucidity - clarity of expression, explanation, or style that makes something easy to understand
- telegraphy - the practice or technology of transmitting coded messages over long distances by electrical, optical, or radio signals
- transcriber - a person who converts speech, handwriting, or recorded material into written or typed text
- unacknowledged - not admitted, recognized, or accepted as true or existing
- ahoy - nautical: used to hail a ship, lookout, or person and attract attention
- spiel - a long, practiced speech intended to explain, promote, or persuade, especially a sales pitch
- icebreaker - an activity, remark, or question intended to reduce tension and help unfamiliar people begin interacting
- abbreviation - a shortened form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole
- incoherency - lack of logical connection, clarity, or orderly organization
- splutter - to speak rapidly or confusedly with spitting sounds, especially from anger or excitement
- exclamatory - expressed as, containing, or resembling an exclamation
- discursive - moving from subject to subject rather than following a concise, orderly line
- summarizer - a person, program, or other thing that condenses material into a summary
- eulogy - a speech or piece of writing praising a person who has died, usually delivered at a funeral
- promulgator - a person who publicly proclaims, publishes, or spreads a law, doctrine, or idea
- redefine - to define a word, idea, role, or boundary again or in a different way
- temporize - to delay making a decision or commitment, or to act evasively, in order to gain time or an advantage
- infelicity - an awkward, inappropriate, or ill-chosen expression, action, or detail
- mot - a short, pithy, or witty remark; a bon mot
- panegyric - a formal speech or piece of writing that offers elaborate praise
- adjuration - an earnest appeal, solemn command, or urgent entreaty
- exordium - the introductory part of a speech, essay, or other formal discourse
- execration - a curse or forceful expression of hatred and condemnation
- declamatory - delivered in the forceful, formal manner of a public speech or recitation
- subjoin - to add something at the end of a spoken or written work; to append
- felicitation - formal and usually plural: an expression of congratulation, pleasure, or good wishes offered for someone's success or good fortune
- unreserve - absence of restraint or concealment in speech or behavior; complete frankness or openness (formal or literary)
- assentation - rare: ready, servile, or insincere agreement offered to flatter or please someone
- declamation - the formal, forceful, or theatrical delivery of a speech
- garrulity - the quality of talking excessively, especially about unimportant things
- polemical - expressing strong criticism or argument about a controversial subject
- prater - a person who talks at length in a foolish, trivial, or irritating way
- prolixity - the quality of using too many words or continuing for a tiresomely long time
- depreciatory - expressing a low opinion of someone or something; disparaging
- referable - capable of being attributed or related to a particular cause, source, or category
- eristic - characterized by argumentative, often specious reasoning intended to win rather than discover truth
- querist - formal or archaic: a person who asks a question or makes an inquiry
- sibilant - having or producing a hissing or hushing sound
- accusatory - expressing, containing, or suggesting an accusation
- stylographic - relating to writing or drawing with a stylus or similar pointed instrument
- ululation - a long, loud, wavering or trilling cry expressing strong emotion, or the act of making such a cry
- downstroke - a stroke or movement made downward, especially with a pen, brush, tool, or musical plectrum
- misstatement - an inaccurate or incorrect statement, especially one made unintentionally
- eulogist - a person who delivers a speech or piece of writing in praise of someone, especially at a funeral
- mandarin - the major group of Chinese varieties spoken across much of China, especially Standard Mandarin
- eureka - an exclamation of delight at suddenly discovering or solving something
- ovation - an enthusiastic public reception, especially a sustained burst of applause
- polysynthetic - linguistics: describing a language or word structure in which single words typically contain many morphemes and can express sentence-like meanings
- indite - to write or compose a text, especially a formal or literary one
- upstroke - a stroke or movement made upward, especially with a pen, brush, piston, or musical plectrum
- panegyrist - a person who composes or delivers a panegyric, praising someone or something formally and often extravagantly
- corrector - a person, device, or process that identifies and corrects errors, faults, or improper behavior
- expatiate - to speak or write at length and in detail about a subject, usually followed by on or upon
- prattler - a person who talks at length in a foolish, trivial, or childlike way
- romanize - to represent a language or text in the Latin alphabet by transcription or transliteration
- sophister - dated or rare: a person who uses clever but fallacious or misleading arguments; a sophist
- misstate - to state, report, or describe something incorrectly or misleadingly
- heliograph - an instrument that sends coded signals over a distance by reflecting flashes of sunlight with a mirror
- undiscussable - unable or considered unsuitable to be discussed, mentioned, or debated
- valediction - the act of saying farewell, or the words used when parting
- hubbub - a loud, confused mixture of voices or other sounds; noisy commotion
- notepaper - paper, often in small sheets with matching envelopes, intended for writing letters or notes
- intercession - the act of intervening on another person's behalf, especially to plead for help, mercy, or agreement
- omega - the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet, written Ω or ω
- raillery - formal: good-humored teasing, banter, or lightly mocking talk
- gainsayer - a person who contradicts, denies, or opposes a claim
- disputation - formal argument or sustained verbal controversy about a question
- asserter - a person who states or maintains a claim firmly and positively
- controversialist - a person who regularly engages in public controversy or polemical debate
- misname - to call someone or something by an incorrect, unsuitable, or misleading name
- ductus - the characteristic direction, order, speed, and manner of the strokes used in handwriting or calligraphy
- rigmarole - a long, complicated, and often unnecessary procedure
- prate - to talk at length in a foolish, trivial, or tiresome way
- précis - a concise summary of the essential facts or main points of a text, speech, or argument
- flapdoodle - informal, often dated: foolish, pretentious, or insincere talk; nonsense
- hocus - dated: to trick, cheat, or deceive someone
- aphorism - a concise, memorable statement expressing a general truth or principle
- esprit - lively intelligence, wit, or vivacious cleverness
- unconciliatory - not intended or likely to end disagreement or restore goodwill; unwilling to compromise
- moue - a small pout or grimace expressing disdain, discontent, mock annoyance, or flirtatious displeasure
- stentorian - extremely loud and powerful, especially when describing a person's voice
- adios - goodbye; used when parting from someone
- blatter - dialectal: to talk rapidly, noisily, or foolishly
- blether - chiefly Scottish and Northern English: foolish, idle, or long-winded talk
- braggadocio - arrogant or exaggerated boasting intended to impress others
- philologist - a scholar who studies the historical development, structure, and relationships of languages, especially through written texts
- reduplication - a word-formation process in which all or part of a word, root, or syllable is repeated
- Basque - the language of the Basque people, spoken in parts of northern Spain and southwestern France and not known to be related to any other living language
- inkpot - a small pot or container for holding writing ink, especially for use with a dip pen or quill
- sirree - informal, chiefly US: an emphatic form of sir used after yes or no
- interpellate - formal: to interrupt or address someone with a question or challenge
- philology - the scholarly study of historical texts through their language, transmission, literary context, and interpretation
- Quechua - a family of closely related Indigenous languages spoken across the Andes, especially in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, and Chile
- Santali - an Austroasiatic language spoken chiefly by Santal communities in eastern India, Bangladesh, and Nepal
- ducky - informal, especially British and sometimes dated: an affectionate form of address for a person
- periphrasis - an indirect or roundabout way of expressing something
- babel - a confused mixture of voices, languages, or other sounds
- intelligibility - the quality or degree of being understandable or capable of rational explanation
- claptrap - Empty verbiage or nonsense.
- palter - To talk insincerely; to prevaricate or equivocate in speech or actions.
- ach - An expression of annoyance.
- dragoman - an interpreter and guide in the Near East
- reprehend - express strong disapproval of
- whoo - an exclamation or cry representing a long whooping, hooting, or wailing sound
- gnomic - expressed in a short, mysterious way that seems wise but is difficult to understand
- pronouncement - a formal or authoritative statement, especially one made publicly
- alliteration - the repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words, especially in a phrase or line of verse
- lexicographical - relating to the writing, editing, or study of dictionaries
- cedilla - a diacritical mark, often similar to a comma, placed below the letter c to indicate that it is pronounced as an s
- emendation - a correction by emending
- incommunicable - That cannot be communicated or transmitted
- ooh - used to express surprise, admiration, pleasure, or discomfort
- speechmaking - delivering an address to a public audience
- mispronunciation - an incorrect pronunciation or the act of pronouncing something incorrectly
- pule - to cry or whine weakly
- recriminate - to answer an accusation by making a counteraccusation
- goodnight - an instance of saying “good night”; a nighttime farewell.
- telephonic - of or relating to telephony
- unpronounceable - very difficult to pronounce correctly
- signorina - an Italian title or form of address traditionally used for an unmarried woman or young woman
- divagation - a departure from the main subject in speech or writing; a digression
- enthymeme - rhetoric: an argument resembling a syllogism in which a premise or conclusion is left unstated
- jocosity - the quality or practice of merry joking
- elide - to omit a sound, syllable, word, or other element
- homophony - the relation or quality of words having the same pronunciation but different meanings or origins
- lexicographer - a person who writes, compiles, or edits dictionaries
- declaimer - a person who delivers a forceful, theatrical, or rhetorical speech
- elogium - a formal expression of praise; an encomium or eulogy
- scurrility - coarse, abusive, obscene, or foul-mouthed language

### C2+
- blunt - having a dull edge or point; direct and tactless in speech
- assent - agreement or approval; to express agreement
- eulogize - to praise highly, especially in a formal speech or writing
- affix - to attach or fasten; a prefix or suffix added to a word
- confab - an informal conversation or discussion; to chat
- aye - yes; an affirmative vote or answer
- denominate - to call by a name or to express in a given unit
- dispraise - (literary) to speak of with disapproval; censure
- gist - the central or essential meaning of a speech or text
- palaver - prolonged and idle talk; a tedious fuss
- snarl - to growl with bared teeth, or to speak angrily
- yea - yes; an affirmative vote or response
- blab - to reveal secrets through careless or indiscreet talk
- blather - to talk at length in a foolish or nonsensical way
- boo - an exclamation to startle or to express disapproval
- decipher - to convert from code or obscure form into intelligible language
- execrate - to feel or express great loathing for; to curse
- locution - a particular word, phrase, or style of expression
- monotone - a single unvaried tone or pitch in speech or sound
- stutter - to speak with involuntary repetition of sounds
- underscore - to emphasize; to draw a line beneath text
- whilom - archaic word for formerly or former
- accouple - archaic word for to join or couple together
- attaintment - archaic word for the act of attainting or staining with dishonour
- backbite - to speak maliciously about someone who is absent
- balderdash - senseless or nonsensical talk; rubbish
- befile - archaic word for to make foul or defile
- betalk - to talk about, discuss, or address at length
- blabber - to talk foolishly, indiscreetly, or at excessive length
- blither - to talk nonsense; to babble incoherently
- expletive - a profane or obscene exclamation; a meaningless filler word
- intemperate - lacking moderation, especially in indulgence or speech
- interrogatory - having the form of a question; also a formal written question in law
- literate - able to read and write; well educated
- mute - refraining from or unable to produce speech or sound
- prolix - tediously lengthy and wordy in speech or writing
- subscribe - to arrange to receive something regularly, or to express agreement
- vocalize - to utter or express with the voice
- ay - yes; an affirmative vote or reply
- baloney - foolish or deceptive talk; nonsense
- baragouin - unintelligible or jargon-like speech; gibberish
- chatter - to talk rapidly and at length about trivial matters
- connective - serving to connect; a word or tissue that links
- contraction - the act of shrinking or a shortened word form
- debatable - open to question or dispute; uncertain
- explicate - to analyze and develop in detail; to explain fully
- gainsay - to deny or contradict; to speak against
- hyperbolize - to exaggerate or describe in extravagant terms
- mime - acting using gesture and movement without speech; to perform thus
- overstate - to express or describe something as more than it really is
- poser - a puzzling question or problem; one who poses or affects a persona
- prattle - to talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way
- rede - counsel or advice; an archaic word for guidance or a plan
- scrawl - to write or draw in a hurried, careless, untidy way
- tummy - the stomach or belly, especially in informal or childish speech
- vocable - a word regarded as a unit of sound rather than meaning
- abbreviate - to shorten a word, phrase, or text
- acceptation - the accepted or usual meaning of a word or expression
- agonist - a contender or protagonist; (pharmacology) a substance that triggers a response
- ar - the name of the letter R
- blandish - to coax or persuade with flattery; to cajole
- bunny - a child's word for a rabbit
- cajole - to persuade someone by flattery or coaxing
- cant - hypocritical or insincere talk; the jargon of a particular group
- civility - formal politeness and courtesy in behavior or speech
- colloquy - a formal conversation or dialogue
- curt - rudely brief in speech or manner
- delineate - to describe or portray precisely; to mark out boundaries
- denotative - relating to the literal meaning of a word rather than its associations
- derivation - the origin or source of something, especially a word's formation
- diction - the choice and use of words, or clarity of speech
- encomium - a speech or piece of writing that warmly praises someone or something
- felicitate - to congratulate or express good wishes to someone
- gloze - to explain away or minimize; to use flattering talk
- halting - hesitant or faltering, especially in speech or movement
- idiomatical - conforming to the natural idiom of a language; idiomatic
- indiscreet - lacking discretion; unwisely free in speech or action
- interpretive - serving to explain or render the meaning of something
- l - the twelfth letter of the English alphabet
- lection - a passage read aloud in worship; a textual variant reading
- moonshine - illicitly distilled liquor; foolish or unrealistic talk
- orotund - (of the voice) full and resonant; (of speech) pompous or bombastic
- salutation - a greeting in words or gesture, especially at the start of a letter
- semivowel - a speech sound such as w or y that functions like both vowel and consonant
- simile - a figure of speech comparing two things using 'like' or 'as'
- somedeal - archaic word meaning to some extent; somewhat
- sufferance - tolerance or tacit permission rather than express consent
- unriddle - to solve or explain a riddle, puzzle, or mystery
- verbalize - to express something in words
- verbiage - excessive or unnecessarily wordy language
- accost - to approach and speak to someone boldly or aggressively
- acerb - sharp and bitter in taste, manner, or speech
- admarginate - to write notes in the margin of a text
- annotate - to add explanatory notes or comments to a text
- arraignment - the formal court proceeding in which an accused is read the charges and pleads
- articulatory - relating to the physical production of speech sounds
- axiomatize - to express or organize a theory as a system of axioms
- banter - playful, teasing conversation
- bewrite - to write about or describe; to reveal in writing (archaic)
- bluntly - in a direct, frank manner without softening the message
- bouk - Scots and dialectal word for the body, bulk, or trunk
- bower - a leafy shelter or arbor; a poetic word for a lady's private chamber
- brickbat - a piece of brick used as a missile; a blunt verbal insult or criticism
- brusque - abrupt or curt in manner or speech
- cablegram - a message sent by submarine telegraph cable
- capitalize - to take advantage of; to write in capital letters; to provide capital
- catchword - a memorable word or phrase repeated as a slogan
- channelize - to direct or convey through a channel or defined course
- chatty - inclined to talk freely and informally
- collogue - to confer secretly or conspire; to talk confidentially
- concordance - agreement; also an alphabetical index of a text's words
- conversational - relating to or resembling informal spoken conversation
- culver - an archaic or dialectal word for a wood pigeon or dove
- declaim - to speak or recite formally and rhetorically
- demonstrative - openly expressive of feelings; or a word pointing to a referent
- disputably - in a manner open to question or argument
- drivel - silly nonsense; foolish talk
- e - the fifth letter of the English alphabet
- eh - used to express inquiry, surprise, or to invite agreement
- elocution - the skill of clear and expressive speech
- enunciate - to pronounce or articulate words clearly, or to state a proposition formally
- excursus - a detailed digression appended to or inserted within a text
- exhortation - an address or communication strongly urging someone to act
- explanatorily - in a way that serves to explain or clarify
- explication - a detailed analysis or explanation of a text or idea
- f - the sixth letter of the English alphabet
- filibuster - a prolonged speech used to obstruct a legislative vote
- forspeak - to bewitch by speech; to speak against or forbid
- gab - to talk idly or at length; idle chatter
- gloss - a brief explanation of a word, or a shine on a surface
- grandiloquent - using pompous or extravagantly lofty language
- guaranty - a formal pledge to answer for another's debt or obligation
- ha - used to express surprise, triumph, or laughter
- handwrite - to write by hand rather than by machine
- haw - the fruit of the hawthorn; to hesitate in speech with a drawling sound
- hesitance - the state of being slow to act or speak through doubt
- ho - an exclamation used to attract attention or express surprise
- huh - used to express surprise, confusion, or to invite agreement
- illegible - not clear enough to be read
- illiteral - not literal; figurative or contrary to the letter
- illiterate - unable to read or write; uneducated
- inelastic - not flexible, or not changing much in response to change
- interlocution - dialogue or conversation; an interchange of speech
- interpretative - serving to explain or expound meaning; interpretive
- inveigle - to persuade by flattery or deceit; to entice
- jabber - to talk rapidly and unintelligibly
- jabberwocky - meaningless or nonsensical language
- k - the eleventh letter of the English alphabet
- lingua - a tongue or tongue-like part; a language (as in lingua franca)
- loquacious - tending to talk a great deal; talkative
- malign - to speak harmful untruths about; or evil and harmful in nature
- mantra - a repeated word or phrase used in meditation or as a guiding principle
- mispronounce - to pronounce a word incorrectly
- missive - a written message or letter, especially a formal one
- modifier - a word or element that qualifies or limits the meaning of another
- nonvocal - not involving the voice; instrumental or silent
- orate - to speak formally and at length, often pompously
- oxymoron - a figure of speech combining contradictory terms
- p - the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet
- pard - an archaic word for a leopard or panther
- prescriptionist - one who advocates strict rules of correct usage, especially in language
- prosody - the patterns of rhythm, stress, and intonation in speech or verse
- qualifier - a word or thing that limits or modifies the meaning of another
- ramble - to wander or talk in a leisurely, aimless, digressive way
- rave - to talk wildly or with enthusiastic praise; an all-night dance party
- reflex - an automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus
- reremouse - an archaic or dialectal word for a bat (the flying mammal)
- retort - a sharp or witty reply; to answer back sharply
- rhetorician - an expert in or teacher of rhetoric; a skilled or showy speaker
- roy - an archaic or dialectal word for a king
- sass - impudent or cheeky talk; to speak impertinently to someone
- sia - a dialectal or archaic spelling of "say" used in northern English speech
- smatter - to have or talk with only superficial knowledge of something
- spud - an informal word for a potato
- stimulator - a thing or device that excites activity or response
- suppletion - in linguistics, the use of an unrelated form to complete a word's paradigm
- translatable - able to be expressed in another language or form
- tum - an informal or childish word for the stomach
- turgid - swollen or distended; or, of language, pompous and overblown
- uncommunicativeness - unwillingness or inability to talk or share information
- understate - to describe something as less significant than it really is
- uneloquent - not fluent or persuasive in speech
- unloquacious - not talkative; reserved in speech
- untalkative - not inclined to talk; reticent or taciturn
- verbalism - emphasis on words rather than meaning; an empty verbal expression
- vituperate - to blame or insult in harsh, abusive language
- vocalise - to utter with the voice; a wordless vocal exercise sung on vowels
- vocalization - the act or a sound of producing the voice; an utterance
- vowelize - to add vowel points or marks to a consonantal text, or to make a sound vocalic
- waffle - to speak or write vaguely and at length, or to vacillate indecisively
- watchword - a word or phrase serving as a guiding principle or as a password
- wye - the letter Y, or a Y-shaped structure such as a rail or pipe junction
- bowdlerize - to edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate
- coda - The optional final sound of a syllable or word, occurring after its nucleus and usually composed of one or more consonants.
- flippant - Showing disrespect through a casual attitude, levity, and a lack of due seriousness; pert.
- glower - An angry glare or stare.
- maunder - To speak in a disorganized or desultory manner; to babble or prattle.
- pall - a heavy, fine canvas, especially one laid over a coffin or tomb
- peroration - the concluding section of an oration
- rebus - An arrangement of pictures, symbols, or words representing phrases or words, especially as a word puzzle.
- sere - Without moisture; dry.
- humph - a closed-mouth grunt expressing doubt, annoyance, contempt, or disapproval
- pooh-pooh - to dismiss an idea, concern, or suggestion as foolish or unimportant, often contemptuously
- downface - to persist forcefully in an assertion against opposition, browbeating or contradicting those who challenge it
- speer - in Scots and northern English, to ask, inquire, or seek information
- belder - to cry, bawl, or shout noisily, especially of a child
- vociferate - to shout, cry out, or utter something loudly and vehemently
- tête-à-tête - a private conversation or meeting between two people
- yawp - to utter a loud, harsh, or coarse cry
- impugner - a person who challenges the truth, validity, integrity, or reputation of someone or something
- hmm - a sound used to show that someone is thinking, hesitating, doubtful, or mildly interested
- superscribe - to write an address, title, or other words on the outside or upper part of something
- lipspeech - speech articulated with the lips and mouth, especially when contrasted with signing or with the visual interpretation of speech by lip-reading
- expostulatory - expressing earnest disagreement, protest, or persuasion intended to dissuade someone
- encomiast - a person who composes or delivers an encomium or other formal expression of high praise
- apostrophise - in rhetoric, to address an absent person, an abstract idea, or an inanimate thing directly
- caviler - a person who raises trivial, captious, or unreasonable objections
- colloquize - rare: to hold a conversation or take part in a colloquy
- nicher - northern British and Scots dialect: to give a soft, suppressed, or sniggering laugh
- threap - chiefly northern British or Scots: to scold, chide, argue with, or rebuke someone
- bullyrag - to intimidate or dominate someone by bullying
- haw-haw - a loud, coarse, or affected laugh
- constatation - rare and formal: the process of establishing, verifying, or formally recording a fact
- tch - a representation of the dental click used to show disapproval or disgust; tut, tsk
- vaporing - an instance of boastful talk
- heigh - an exclamation used to attract attention, urge someone on, or express surprise
- divagate - to wander away from the main subject while speaking or writing
- laconism - extreme brevity in speech or writing
- formule - formula (model)
- ta-ta - informal: goodbye

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