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Section 34 of 35
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Page 2 of 2
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS ADOPTED BY THE DUKE VALENTINO WHEN MURDERING VITELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, THE SIGNOR PAGOLO, AND THE DUKE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
1
INTRODUCTION
2
YOUTH — Æt. 1-25—1469-94
3
OFFICE — Æt. 25-43—1494-1512
4
LITERATURE AND DEATH — Æt. 43-58—1512-27
5
THE MAN AND HIS WORKS
6
DEDICATION
7
THE PRINCE
8
CHAPTER I. HOW MANY KINDS OF PRINCIPALITIES THERE ARE, AND BY WHAT MEANS THEY ARE ACQUIRED
9
CHAPTER II. CONCERNING HEREDITARY PRINCIPALITIES
10
CHAPTER III. CONCERNING MIXED PRINCIPALITIES
11
CHAPTER IV. WHY THE KINGDOM OF DARIUS, CONQUERED BY ALEXANDER, DID NOT REBEL AGAINST THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER AT HIS DEATH
12
CHAPTER V. CONCERNING THE WAY TO GOVERN CITIES OR PRINCIPALITIES WHICH LIVED UNDER THEIR OWN LAWS BEFORE THEY WERE ANNEXED
13
CHAPTER VI. CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED BY ONE’s OWN ARMS AND ABILITY
14
CHAPTER VII. CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED EITHER BY THE ARMS OF OTHERS OR BY GOOD FORTUNE
15
CHAPTER VIII. CONCERNING THOSE WHO HAVE OBTAINED A PRINCIPALITY BY WICKEDNESS
16
CHAPTER IX. CONCERNING A CIVIL PRINCIPALITY
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CHAPTER X. CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH THE STRENGTH OF ALL PRINCIPALITIES OUGHT TO BE MEASURED
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CHAPTER XI. CONCERNING ECCLESIASTICAL PRINCIPALITIES
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CHAPTER XII. HOW MANY KINDS OF SOLDIERY THERE ARE, AND CONCERNING MERCENARIES
20
CHAPTER XIII. CONCERNING AUXILIARIES, MIXED SOLDIERY, AND ONE’s OWN
21
CHAPTER XIV. THAT WHICH CONCERNS A PRINCE ON THE SUBJECT OF THE ART OF WAR
22
CHAPTER XV. CONCERNING THINGS FOR WHICH MEN, AND ESPECIALLY PRINCES, ARE PRAISED OR BLAMED
23
CHAPTER XVI. CONCERNING LIBERALITY AND MEANNESS
24
CHAPTER XVII. CONCERNING CRUELTY AND CLEMENCY, AND WHETHER IT IS BETTER TO BE LOVED THAN FEARED
25
CHAPTER XVIII.[1] CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH PRINCES SHOULD KEEP FAITH
26
CHAPTER XIX. THAT ONE SHOULD AVOID BEING DESPISED AND HATED
27
CHAPTER XX. ARE FORTRESSES, AND MANY OTHER THINGS TO WHICH PRINCES OFTEN RESORT, ADVANTAGEOUS OR HURTFUL?
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CHAPTER XXI. HOW A PRINCE SHOULD CONDUCT HIMSELF SO AS TO GAIN RENOWN
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CHAPTER XXII. CONCERNING THE SECRETARIES OF PRINCES
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CHAPTER XXIII. HOW FLATTERERS SHOULD BE AVOIDED
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CHAPTER XXIV. WHY THE PRINCES OF ITALY HAVE LOST THEIR STATES
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CHAPTER XXV. WHAT FORTUNE CAN EFFECT IN HUMAN AFFAIRS AND HOW TO WITHSTAND HER
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CHAPTER XXVI. AN EXHORTATION TO LIBERATE ITALY FROM THE BARBARIANS
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DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS ADOPTED BY THE DUKE VALENTINO WHEN MURDERING VITELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, THE SIGNOR PAGOLO, AND THE DUKE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
35
THE LIFE OF CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI OF LUCCA
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Chapter 34 — DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS ADOPTED BY THE DUKE VALENTINO WHEN MURDERING VITELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, THE SIGNOR PAGOLO, AND THE DUKE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
Central question
What does Valentino’s...
AI Summary
The Prince
Section 34 of 35
Chapter 34 — DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS ADOPTED BY THE DUKE VALENTINO WHEN MURDERING VITELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, THE SIGNOR PAGOLO, AND THE DUKE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
Central question
What does Valentino’s episode show about political cunning?
Main argument
This historical appendix presents Cesare Borgia’s calculated elimination of dangerous rivals as a model of ruthless consolidation. Machiavelli admires the clarity and efficiency of the move even while reporting its brutality.
Key ideas
Political security can depend on decisive treachery.
The episode dramatizes the logic behind the earlier advice.
Key takeaway
The Valentino case is the book’s clearest example of state-building through calculated violence.
in mind .
These three ,
therefore ,
came before the duke and saluted him respectfully ,
and were received by him with goodwill ;
they were at once placed between those who were commissioned to look after them .
But the duke noticing that Oliverotto,
who had remained with his band in Sinigalia,
was missing —
for Oliverotto
was waiting in the square before his quarters near the river ,
keeping his men in order and drilling them —
signalled with his eye to Don Michelle,
to whom the care of Oliverotto
had been committed ,
that he should take measures that Oliverotto
should not escape .
Therefore Don Michele
rode off and joined Oliverotto,
telling him that it was not right to keep his men out of their quarters ,
because these might be taken up by the men of the duke ;
and he advised him to send them at once to their quarters and to come himself to meet the duke .
And Oliverotto,
having taken this advice ,
came before the duke ,
who ,
when he saw him ,
called to him ;
and Oliverotto,
having made his obeisance ,
joined the others .
So the whole party entered Sinigalia,
dismounted at the duke’s quarters ,
and went with him into a secret chamber ,
where the duke made them prisoners ;
he then mounted on horseback ,
and issued orders that the men of Oliverotto
and the Orsini
should be stripped of their arms .
Those of Oliverotto,
being at hand ,
were quickly settled ,
but those of the Orsini
and Vitelli,
being at a distance ,
and having a presentiment of the destruction of their masters ,
had time to prepare themselves ,
and bearing in mind the valour and discipline of the Orsinian
and Vitellian
houses ,
they stood together against the hostile forces of the country and saved themselves .
But the duke’s soldiers ,
not being content with having pillaged the men of Oliverotto,
began to sack Sinigalia,
and if the duke had not repressed this outrage by killing some of them they would have completely sacked it .
Night having come and the tumult being silenced ,
the duke prepared to kill Vitellozzo
and Oliverotto;
he led them into a room and caused them to be strangled .
Neither of them used words in keeping with their past lives : Vitellozzo
prayed that he might ask of the pope full pardon for his sins ; Oliverotto
cringed and laid the blame for all injuries against the duke on Vitellozzo. Pagolo
and the Duke di Gravina Orsini
were kept alive until the duke heard from Rome
that the pope had taken the Cardinal Orsino,
the Archbishop of Florence,
and Messer Jacopo
da Santa Croce.
After which news ,
on 18th
January 1502,
in the castle of Pieve,
they also were strangled in the same way .
General
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