Meanings
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The simplest method of calculating the radius of a curve in situ is to measure the versine; in railway practice this is done by extending a tape 66 ft. (1 ch.) long in a straight line or chord between two points on the periphery of a curve, and then measuring the maximum distance of the rail from the chord at the centre of the 66 ft. The radius in chains is found by dividing the versine in inches into 99. Thus if a versine measures 3 in., the radius will be 33 ch.
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Simplified etymology
Chord has two separate histories. The musical term was originally spelled cord and was shortened from accord in its sense of bringing sounds into harmony, ultimately from Latin accordere, “bring to heart.” The mathematical term is a respelling of cord, “rope,” which came through Latin chorda from Greek khordē, “gut” or “string of a musical instrument”; both spellings were later altered to look more classical.
Etymology
Variant of cord, with spelling alteration due to Latin chorda (“cord”), ultimately from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string of gut, the string of a lyre”). No relation to French accord (“chord”) and its derivations. Doublet of cuerda.