Plants & Agriculture

bilberry C2

/ˈbɪl.bɛr.i/ a small dark-blue edible berry resembling a blueberry and growing wild in northern Europe M S

whorl C2

/(h)wɔː(ɹ)l/ To form a pattern of concentric circles. M S

arbutus C2

/ɑːrˈbjuːtəs/ an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Arbutus, especially the strawberry tree, with bell-shaped flowers and red fruit M S

spikenard C2

/ˈspaɪkˌnɑːɹd/ a Himalayan aromatic plant, Nardostachys jatamansi, whose rhizome yields fragrant oil M S

acanthus C2

/əˈkæn.θəs/ a plant of the genus Acanthus, with large deeply cut or spiny leaves and tall spikes of flowers M S

landholder C2

/ˈlændˌhoʊldɝ/ a person or organization that owns or legally holds land, especially an agricultural estate M S

fructify C2

/ˈfrʌktəˌfaɪ/ to bear fruit or become fruitful M S

orris C2

/ˈɔɹ.ɪs/ the fragrant dried rhizome of certain irises, used especially in perfumery, potpourri, and flavoring M S

withy C2

/ˈwɪð.i/ a tough, flexible willow twig or branch, especially one used for binding or weaving M S

hairiness C2

/ˈhɛriːnəs/ The characteristic of being hairy. M S

orchis C2

/ˈɔɹ.kɪs/ a terrestrial orchid, especially a plant of the genus Orchis M S

gnarl C2

/nɑɹl/ to twist or deform something into a rough, knotted shape M S

canebrake C2

/ˈkeɪn.breɪk/ a dense thicket of cane, bamboo, or similar tall plants M S

pelargonium C2

/ˌpɛlɑɹˈɡoʊniəm/ a flowering plant of the genus Pelargonium, often cultivated as a tender ornamental and commonly called a geranium M S

opuntia C2

/əˈpʌntiə/ botany: any cactus of the genus Opuntia, whose members typically have flattened jointed pads and include the prickly pears M S

carex C2

/ˈkɛrɛks/ a sedge belonging to the large genus Carex, whose small fruits are enclosed in saclike structures M S

teasel C2

/ˈtiːzəl/ a tall prickly plant of the genus Dipsacus with spiny, cone-shaped flower heads M S

barberry C2

/ˈbɑɹbɛɹi/ a thorny shrub of the genus Berberis, typically bearing yellow flowers and red or dark berries M S

haycock C2

/ˈheɪkɑːk/ a small conical pile of hay left in a field to dry M S

plowshare C2

/ˈplaʊˌʃer/ the sharp cutting blade of a plow that slices horizontally through the soil M S

heartsease C2

/ˈhɑɹtsˌiz/ the European wild pansy, Viola tricolor, a small flower with petals commonly marked in three colors M S

agrimony C2

/ˈæɡ.rɪˌmoʊ.ni/ a perennial herb of the genus Agrimonia, with spikes of small yellow flowers and bristly fruits M S

thallus C2

/ˈθæləs/ a plantlike vegetative body, such as that of an alga, fungus, or lichen, which is not differentiated into true stems, leaves, and roots M S

mulga C2

/ˈmɐlɡə/ Any of a number of small acacia trees, especially Acacia aneura, forming dense scrub in dry inland areas of Australia. M S

thistledown C2

/ˈθɪs.əlˌdaʊn/ the soft, feathery hairs attached to ripe thistle seeds that help the wind carry them M S

kauri C2

/ˈkaʊɹi/ a large Australasian conifer of the genus Agathis, especially the New Zealand tree Agathis australis M S

métayer C2

/ˌmɛtəˈjeɪ/ historical: a sharecropper who cultivates a landlord's land for a portion, often half, of the harvest while the landlord supplies stock, seed, or tools M S

araucaria C2

/ærɔˈkɛriə/ an evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Araucaria, which includes the monkey puzzle, bunya pine, and hoop pine M S

pasturage C2

/ˈpæs.tʃɚ.ɪdʒ/ land used or suitable for grazing livestock M S

scabious C2

/ˈskeɪ.bi.əs/ a plant with pincushion-like flower heads, especially one of the genera Scabiosa or Knautia M S

buttonwood C2

/ˈbʌtənˌwʊd/ the American sycamore, a large North American plane tree with round buttonlike fruiting heads M S

cotyledon C2

/ˌkɑtəˈliːdən/ an embryonic leaf in a seed, often serving as the seedling's first leaf or food store M S

arborescent C2

/ɑɹbəˈɹɛsənt/ resembling a tree in form, growth, or branching structure M S

stook C2

/stʊk/ chiefly British: a group of sheaves of grain set upright together in a field to dry M S

ovule C2

/ˈɑː.vjuːl/ in seed plants, the structure that contains the female reproductive cells and develops into a seed after fertilization M S

betony C2

/ˈbɛtəni/ a perennial herb, especially Stachys officinalis, with spikes of purple flowers and a history of medicinal use M S

maidenhair C2

/ˈmeɪdənˌhɛr/ a fern of the genus Adiantum, with delicate fan-shaped leaflets on slender dark stalks M S

pigweed C2

/ˈpɪɡˌwiːd/ any of various common weedy plants, especially amaranths or goosefoots, some formerly used as pig fodder or leafy food M S

allamanda C2

/ˌæləˈmændə/ a tropical American shrub or woody vine of the genus Allamanda, grown for its large funnel-shaped flowers M S

axil C2

/ˈæksəl/ in botany, the upper angle between a leaf, branch, or leafstalk and the stem or axis from which it grows M S

sapwood C2

/ˈsæpwʊd/ the younger, living outer wood of a tree trunk or branch, through which water and minerals are conducted M S

nectary C2

/ˈnɛk.təɹi/ a gland or specialized plant structure that secretes nectar M S

corncrib C2

/ˈkɔrnˌkrɪb/ a ventilated farm building or bin used to store and dry ears of maize M S

strophanthus C2

/stroʊˈfænθəs/ a tropical African or Asian tree, shrub, or woody vine of the genus Strophanthus, often with long twisted petals M S

mullein C2

/ˈmʌlɪn/ a plant of the genus Verbascum, typically having woolly leaves and a tall spike of yellow flowers M S

liverwort C2

/ˈlɪv.ɚˌwɝːt/ a small nonvascular plant related to mosses, usually growing in damp places as a leafy shoot or flat thallus M S

ilex C2

/ˈaɪlɛks/ an evergreen Mediterranean oak with leathery leaves; the holm oak M S

germen C2

/ˈdʒɝːmən/ historical botany: the ovary of a flower, containing the ovules and developing into the fruit after fertilization M S

epiphyte C2

/ˈɛpəˌfaɪt/ a plant that grows on another plant for physical support without drawing nourishment from it as a parasite M S

harebell C2

/ˈhɛɚˌbɛl/ A perennial flowering plant, Campanula rotundifolia, native to the Northern Hemisphere, with blue, bell-like flowers. M S

antirrhinum C2

/ˌæntəˈraɪnəm/ a snapdragon plant of the genus Antirrhinum M S

piny C2

/ˈpaɪni/ covered with, full of, resembling, or characteristic of pine trees M S

serrate C2

/ˈsɛɹˌeɪt/ having a saw-like edge with a row of sharp, tooth-like projections, especially of a leaf M S

cardoon C2

/kɑː(ɹ)ˈduːn/ Any of species Cynara cardunculus of prickly perennial plants which has leaf stalks eaten as a vegetable, related to the artichoke. M S

sheepcote C2

/ˈʃiːpˌkoʊt/ chiefly British or historical: a pen or small shelter for sheep M S

convolvulus C2

/kənˈvɑlvjələs/ a trailing or twining plant of the genus Convolvulus, typically with trumpet-shaped flowers; a bindweed M S

odontoglossum C2

/oʊˌdɑːntəˈɡlɑːsəm/ a showy tropical American orchid formerly classified in the genus Odontoglossum, now generally placed within Oncidium M S

polyandrous C2

/ˌpɑːˌliːˈændrəs/ having numerous stamens, especially stamens inserted on the receptacle of a flower M S

fruitage C2

/ˈfruː.tɪdʒ/ the fruit produced by a plant, or the amount of fruit it yields M S

cottar C2

/ˈkɑːtər/ Scottish history: a peasant or farm laborer who occupied a cottage and sometimes a small plot, usually in return for labor services M S

papilionaceous C2

/pəˌpɪliəˈneɪʃəs/ having a butterfly-shaped corolla, as in many flowers of the pea family M S

bulrush C2

/ˈbʊlˌrʌʃ/ any of several tall, rushlike wetland plants, especially a cattail or reedmace with a cylindrical flower spike M S

pinnate C2

/pɪnˈneɪt/ having leaflets, lobes, veins, or branches arranged in two rows along a central axis M S

foliate C2

/ˈfoʊ.li.ət/ having, resembling, or arranged in thin leaflike layers M S

petiole C2

/ˈpɛti.oʊl/ botany: the stalk that attaches a leaf blade to a plant stem M S

liliaceous C2

/ˌlɪliˈeɪʃəs/ botany: belonging or relating to the lily family Liliaceae M S

weedless C2

/ˈwiːdləs/ free from weeds M S

seedsman C2

/ˈsiːdzmən/ a person or business that sells seeds M S

palmate C2

/ˈpæl.meɪt/ shaped like an open hand, with lobes, leaflets, veins, or other parts radiating from a common point M S

ingathering C2

/ˈɪnˌɡæðərɪŋ/ the gathering in of a harvest M S

gynaeceum C2

/ˌɡaɪ.nəˈsiː.əm/ botany: variant of gynoecium, the collective female reproductive parts of a flower M S

orchidaceous C2

/ˌɔrkɪˈdeɪʃəs/ relating to orchids or the orchid family M S

pedunculate C2

/pɪˈdʌŋkjələt/ attached to or borne on a peduncle, stalk, or stem M S

leafage C2

/ˈliː.fɪdʒ/ the leaves of plants collectively; foliage M S

winterberry C2

/ˈwɪntɚˌbɛri/ an eastern North American deciduous holly (Ilex verticillata) bearing persistent bright red berries M S

plumbago C2

/plʌmˈbeɪɡoʊ/ a warm-climate flowering plant of the genus Plumbago, commonly called leadwort M S

cinquefoil C2

/ˈsɪŋkˌfɔɪl/ any of numerous plants of the genus Potentilla, typically bearing leaves with five leaflets and five-petaled flowers M S

monocotyledonous C2

/ˌmɑːnəˌkɑːtəˈliːdənəs/ having or relating to a single cotyledon in the seed, as in grasses, lilies, palms, and other monocots M S

seedtime C2

/ˈsiːdˌtaɪm/ the season or time for sowing seed M S

sweet william C2

/ˌswiːt ˈwɪljəm/ a widely cultivated European flowering plant (Dianthus barbatus) with dense, flat clusters of white, pink, red, or purple flowers M S

conferva C2

/kənˈfɝvə/ an obsolete or historical botanical term for threadlike freshwater algae, formerly grouped in the genus Conferva M S

cryptogamic C2

/ˌkrɪptəˈɡæmɪk/ relating to cryptogams, the formerly grouped plants and plant-like organisms that reproduce by spores rather than flowers or seeds M S

foliaceous C2

/ˌfoʊ.liˈeɪ.ʃəs/ resembling a leaf or composed of leaflike parts M S

fructification C2

/ˌfrʌk.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ the process of bearing or producing fruit M S

scytheman C2

/ˈsaɪðmən/ a person who cuts grass or grain with a scythe; a mower M S

wood sorrel C2

/ˈwʊd ˌsɔːr.əl/ any herb of the genus Oxalis, especially woodland species with sour sap, compound leaves, and five-petaled white, pink, purple, or yellow flowers M S

peppergrass C2

/ˈpɛpɚˌɡræs/ any of various pungent cresses of the genus Lepidium, especially garden cress or Virginia peppergrass M S

southernwood C2

/ˈsʌðɚnˌwʊd/ an aromatic shrubby species of wormwood (Artemisia abrotanum), grown for its finely divided leaves and lemon-like scent M S

radicle C2

/ˈɹædɪkəl/ the embryonic root of a seedling, which is the first part to grow downward from a germinating seed M S

dicotyledonous C2

/ˌdaɪkɑtəlˈiːdənəs/ having an embryo with two cotyledons, as in the flowering plants traditionally called dicotyledons M S

pipewort C2

/ˈpaɪpˌwɝt/ any of several aquatic or marsh plants of the genus Eriocaulon, with narrow leaves and small flowers gathered in dense heads M S

repastination C2

/riːˌpæstɪˈneɪʃən/ obsolete: the act of digging or turning over soil again M S

umbel C2

/ˈʌmbəl/ a flat-topped or rounded flower cluster whose individual stalks arise from nearly the same point M S

arborvitae C2

/ˌɑrbərˈvaɪti/ any of several evergreen conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis, commonly grown as ornamental trees or hedges M S

farmsteading C2

/ˈfɑːrmˌstiː.dɪŋ/ chiefly British or Scottish: a farmstead, especially the farmhouse and its surrounding farm buildings considered as a group M S

inarch C2

/ɪnˈɑːrtʃ/ to graft one growing plant onto another while both stock and scion remain attached to their own roots M S