Plants & Agriculture

Crops, gardens, farming, trees, flowers, and plant life.

530 words

# Plants & Agriculture

**Type:** Topic
**Words:** 530

## About
Crops, gardens, farming, trees, flowers, and plant life.

## Words by Level

### A1
- tree - A tall plant with a wooden trunk, branches, and leaves.
- grow - To get bigger in size over time, as living things do naturally.
- garden - An area of ground, usually next to a house, where flowers, vegetables, or other plants are grown.
- farm - An area of land and buildings used for growing crops or raising animals.
- flower - The colourful part of a plant that produces seeds, often with a pleasant smell.
- rice - Small white or brown grains that are cooked and eaten as food.
- fruit - The sweet, soft part of a plant that contains seeds and is eaten as food.
- lily - A tall garden flower with large, showy, often trumpet-shaped blooms.
- apple - A round fruit with red, green, or yellow skin and crisp white flesh.
- pink - A pale red colour, like that of many flowers.
- corn - A tall plant that produces yellow grains on a cob; maize.
- farmer - A person who owns or works on a farm.
- banana - A long curved tropical fruit with a yellow skin and soft sweet flesh.
- tomato - A soft, round red fruit eaten raw or cooked, used as a vegetable.
- vegetable - A plant or part of a plant, such as a carrot or potato, that is eaten as food.
- shin - the front of the lower leg

### A2
- pick - To choose one or more things from a group.
- field - An area of open land, especially one used for crops or grazing.
- bean - A seed or seedpod from certain plants, eaten as a vegetable.
- plant - A living thing that grows in the ground and has leaves and roots, such as a flower or tree.
- bush - A low woody plant with many stems, smaller than a tree.
- root - The part of a plant that grows underground and takes in water and nutrients.
- seed - a small part of a plant from which a new plant grows
- harvest - The crops that are gathered in, or the amount gathered.
- bloom - To produce flowers; to open into flower.
- onion - A round vegetable with a strong smell and taste, made of layers and used in cooking.
- flour - A fine powder made by grinding wheat or other grain, used to make bread, cakes, and pastry.
- cereal - A breakfast food made from grain, usually eaten with milk.
- bulb - The glass part of an electric lamp that gives out light
- pea - A small round green seed eaten as a vegetable.
- pear - A sweet, juicy fruit that is narrow at the top and round at the bottom.
- sunflower - A tall plant with a very large yellow flower and edible seeds, which turns to face the sun.
- turnip - a round root vegetable with white flesh and purple, red, or greenish skin, eaten as a vegetable
- nut - A small, hard fruit or seed with a tough shell, such as a peanut or walnut.
- clay - A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.

### B1
- leaf - The flat, usually green part of a plant that grows from a stem or branch.
- pit - A large hole in the ground.
- soil - The top layer of earth in which plants grow.
- electrical - Connected with or operated by electricity.
- straw - The dry, yellow stems of cut grain plants like wheat.
- tobacco - The dried leaves of the tobacco plant, prepared for smoking or chewing.
- fade - To slowly lose color or brightness.
- crop - A plant that farmers grow in large amounts for food or other use.
- farming - The work of growing crops and raising animals on a farm.
- pineapple - A large sweet tropical fruit with rough brown skin, juicy yellow flesh, and stiff leaves on top.
- agriculture - The practice of farming, including growing crops and raising animals.
- broccoli - A green vegetable with a thick stalk and tight clusters of small flower buds
- grain - The seeds of food crops such as wheat, corn, and rice, used for food.
- cultivation - (agriculture) production of food by preparing the land to grow crops (especially on a large scale)
- planter - a decorative pot for house plants
- fatten - make fat or plump
- petal - one of the usually colored, leaflike parts that form the corolla of a flower
- grower - a person or business that cultivates a particular crop, usually for sale
- oat - a grain from the cereal plant Avena sativa, used as food and animal feed and usually referred to in the plural as oats
- treetop - the highest part of a tree, formed by its uppermost branches and leaves
- blackberry - a soft, dark purple-black edible fruit made up of many small juicy segments
- scarecrow - a human-shaped figure placed in a field to frighten birds away from crops
- poppy - a plant with showy, delicate flowers, especially one of the genus Papaver; some species produce edible seeds or opium
- cornfield - a field in which corn or another cereal crop is growing, especially a field of maize in North American English
- irrigation - the artificial supply of water to land so that crops and other plants can grow

### B2
- bud - A small swelling on a plant that grows into a leaf or flower
- weed - A wild plant growing where it is not wanted, especially among crops or in a garden.
- wheat - A cereal grain grown for food and used to make flour for bread, pasta, and other foods.
- peel - To remove the skin or outer covering from a fruit or vegetable.
- peach - A soft, round, juicy fruit with sweet yellow flesh and a fuzzy reddish-yellow skin.
- blossom - A flower or mass of flowers, especially on a fruit tree.
- cone - A solid shape with a round flat base and a point at the top.
- barren - Having poor soil where few plants can grow; empty and bare.
- mango - A sweet, juicy tropical fruit with yellow or orange flesh and a large seed.
- walnut - An edible nut with a hard, wrinkled shell and a brain-shaped seed inside.
- barley - A grain crop used as food and for making beer and whisky.
- tulip - A garden plant that grows from a bulb and produces a single, brightly coloured, cup-shaped flower in spring.
- hemp - A tall plant, Cannabis sativa, grown for its strong fibres and seeds.
- dandelion - A common wild plant with bright yellow flowers that turn into a ball of white seeds.
- harrow - A heavy farm tool dragged across ploughed land to break up and smooth the soil.
- flax - A plant with blue flowers, grown for its seeds and for the fibers used to make linen.
- soybean - The edible bean of a plant grown widely for food and oil, rich in protein.
- breeder - a person who breeds animals or plants, especially as a job or serious activity
- unnoticed - not noticed
- lateral - lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body
- overflow - The spillage resultant from overflowing.
- maize - a tall cereal plant that bears kernels on large ears; corn
- ripen - to become ripe and ready to eat or harvest
- thorn - a hard, sharp-pointed growth on a plant, botanically often a modified stem or branch
- overgrown - covered with too many plants or plants that have grown too large
- stalk - a plant's main stem, or another slender structure that supports an attached part
- chlorophyll - any of the green pigments that absorb light for photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
- fir - an evergreen conifer, especially a tree of the genus Abies with needlelike leaves and upright cones
- holly - an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Ilex, typically with glossy prickly leaves and red berries
- lilac - a shrub or small tree of the genus Syringa, grown for its clusters of fragrant flowers
- pip - a small, hard seed inside an apple, orange, or similar fruit, chiefly in British English
- elm - a tall deciduous tree of the genus Ulmus, often grown for shade or timber
- lotus - a large-flowered aquatic plant of the genus Nelumbo, especially the sacred lotus of Asia
- leafy - having many leaves or abundant foliage
- jasmine - a shrub or climbing plant of the genus Jasminum, known for its fragrant white or yellow flowers
- hayfield - a field in which grass or another crop is grown, cut, or lying for use as hay
- loam - fertile soil containing a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, often with organic matter
- uproot - to pull a plant or tree out of the ground with its roots
- horticultural - relating to the science or practice of growing fruit, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants
- sty - a pen or enclosure in which pigs are kept
- reaper - a person who cuts and gathers a crop, especially grain
- compost - decayed organic material used to fertilize soil and improve its structure
- plumule - the embryonic shoot of a seed, situated above the cotyledons and developing into the stem and leaves
- tuber - a thickened underground plant stem or root that stores nutrients and can produce new growth
- marigold - a plant with conspicuous yellow, orange, or reddish flowers, especially a Tagetes or Calendula
- lavender - an aromatic Mediterranean plant with narrow leaves and spikes of small purple flowers
- subsoil - the layer of soil beneath the topsoil and above the underlying rock or parent material
- daffodil - a spring-flowering bulb of the genus Narcissus, typically bearing a yellow or white flower with a trumpet-shaped center
- ranch - a large farm or tract of land used primarily for raising cattle, sheep, horses, or other livestock
- silo - a tall structure used to store grain or fermented animal feed

### C1
- creep - To move slowly, quietly, and carefully.
- peasant - A poor farmer or farm worker, especially in the past or in poorer countries.
- viable - Able to be done successfully; workable.
- orchard - An area of land where fruit or nut trees are grown.
- reap - To get or receive something as a result of your actions.
- rotate - To turn or spin around a central point.
- domination - Control or power over others through strength, influence, or resources.
- grapefruit - A large round citrus fruit with a thick yellow or pink skin and a slightly sour, juicy inside.
- sprout - To begin to grow; to produce new shoots or leaves.
- ornamental - Used for decoration rather than for any practical purpose.
- glean - To gather information or knowledge slowly, bit by bit and often with effort.
- seedling - A young plant that has just grown from a seed.
- heather - a low evergreen plant with small purple, pink, or white flowers, common on moorland
- pollen - the fine powder produced by flowers that contains male reproductive cells
- paradigmatic - related as members of a substitution class
- intently - with strained or eager attention
- unproductive - not producing desired results
- heath - A tract of level uncultivated land with sandy soil and scrubby vegetation; heathland.
- discrepancy - An inconsistency between facts or sentiments.
- opium - A yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.
- restlessly - in a restless manner
- dryness - objectivity and detachment
- glade - An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.
- steward - A ship's officer who is in charge of making dining arrangements and provisions.
- reverently - in a reverent manner.
- copse - Any thicket of small trees or shrubs, coppiced or not.
- cultivator - a person or tool that cultivates land, plants, or crops
- vine - a plant whose weak stem climbs, twines around supports, or trails along the ground, especially a grape plant
- shrub - a woody plant smaller than a tree, usually with several stems rising at or near the ground
- stamen - the pollen-producing male organ of a flower, typically consisting of an anther on a filament
- irrigate - to supply land or crops with water through channels, pipes, or sprinklers
- huckleberry - a small edible blue, black, or red berry produced by several North American shrubs
- cedar - a tall evergreen conifer, especially a true cedar of the genus Cedrus or one of several similar trees
- aspen - a poplar tree whose leaves tremble readily because they grow on flattened stalks
- mulberry - a sweet edible berry, usually dark purple or red, that resembles a blackberry
- primrose - a low-growing plant of the genus Primula, typically bearing pale yellow flowers early in spring
- pansy - a small garden plant of the violet family with rounded, often multicolored petals
- mow - to cut grass or a standing crop with a machine or bladed tool
- botanical - relating to plants or to the scientific study of plants
- chamomile - any of several aromatic daisy-like plants whose flowers are used in herbal preparations
- mildew - a thin, usually whitish fungal growth on plants or damp organic material
- rick - a stack of hay, straw, or similar material stored outdoors, often under thatch
- liber - the living inner bark of a plant, especially the tissue that conducts food; phloem
- sepal - one of the usually green, leaflike parts that enclose a flower bud and together form the calyx
- overgrow - to grow over and cover a surface, place, or other vegetation
- alfalfa - a perennial legume, Medicago sativa, grown widely for hay, animal feed, and soil improvement
- pinewood - a forest or grove of pine trees

### C2
- hull - The main body or frame of a ship or boat.
- kernel - a single whole grain of a cereal
- allotment - An amount of something given to a person or set aside for a purpose.
- sheaf - A bundle of cut stalks of grain tied together.
- plough - a farm tool used to cut and turn over soil before planting
- kelp - large brown seaweeds having fluted leathery fronds
- pasture - bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattle
- granary - a storehouse for threshed grain or animal feed
- floret - a diminutive flower (especially one that is part of a composite flower)
- pistil - the female reproductive organ of a flower, made up of the stigma, style, and ovary
- maudlin - Either of two aromatic plants, costmary or sweet yarrow.
- brandy - distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice
- polygamous - Of, relating to, or practicing polygamy.
- whither - Interrogative senses.
- incompatibility - the quality of being unable to exist or work in congenial combination
- tillage - Land cultivated in this way.
- beech - A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches.
- dusky - lighted by or as if by twilight
- expediency - The quality of being fit or suitable to effect some desired end or the purpose intended; suitability for particular circumstance or situation.
- stump - remove tree stumps from
- stile - A set of one or more steps surmounting a fence or wall, or a narrow gate or contrived passage through a fence or wall, which in either case allows people but not livestock to pass.
- purposeless - Without purpose.
- livid - furiously angry
- afar - A member of the people who speak this language and reside in these regions.
- hairiness - The characteristic of being hairy.
- nuptial - of or relating to a wedding
- watchman - A man set to watch: a man who keeps guard, especially one who guards a building, or the streets of a city, by night; (loosely) any such person of any sex or gender.
- hoe - dig with a hoe
- pyramidal - Pyramid-shaped.
- skiff - A small flat-bottomed open boat with a pointed bow and square stern.
- meddle - To interfere in or with; to concern oneself with unduly.
- obliteration - The total destruction of something.
- lichen - Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc.
- stroll - a leisurely walk, usually in some public place
- humerus - The bone of the upper arm.
- tar - coat with tar
- mahogany - The valuable wood of any of various tropical American evergreen trees, of the genus Swietenia, mostly used to make furniture.
- medley - Combat, fighting; a battle.
- fern - Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations.
- fragrant - Sweet-smelling; having a pleasant (usually strong) scent or fragrance.
- disputable - capable of being disproved
- leafless - Of plants or trees, without leaves.
- putty - apply putty in order to fix or fill
- slouch - A hanging down of the head; a drooping posture; a limp appearance
- balustrade - A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.
- birch - to whip with a birch twig
- fetid - Foul-smelling, stinking.
- herbage - Herbaceous plant growth, especially grass.
- steeply - in a steep manner
- sup - a small amount of liquid food
- cardoon - Any of species Cynara cardunculus of prickly perennial plants which has leaf stalks eaten as a vegetable, related to the artichoke.
- cypress - An evergreen coniferous tree with flattened shoots bearing small scale-like leaves, whose dark foliage is sometimes associated with mourning, in family Cupressaceae, especially the genera Cupressus and Chamaecyparis.
- equatorial - of or existing at or near the geographic equator
- hemlock - poisonous drug derived from an Eurasian plant of the genus Conium
- succour - Aid, assistance, or relief given to one in distress; ministration.
- arboreal - inhabiting or frequenting trees
- vineyard - A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.
- whorl - To form a pattern of concentric circles.
- frond - a large or divided leaf, especially the leaf of a fern, palm, or cycad
- serrate - having a saw-like edge with a row of sharp, tooth-like projections, especially of a leaf
- ovule - in seed plants, the structure that contains the female reproductive cells and develops into a seed after fertilization
- conferva - an obsolete or historical botanical term for threadlike freshwater algae, formerly grouped in the genus Conferva
- estancia - a large ranch or rural estate in Spanish-speaking South America, especially Argentina or Uruguay
- husk - the dry outer covering of a seed, fruit, or vegetable
- bramble - a rough, thorny shrub or vine, especially a blackberry bush
- briar - a thorny shrub or vine
- nettle - a plant with tiny hairs that sting or irritate the skin
- ginkgo - a deciduous East Asian tree with distinctive fan-shaped leaves and fleshy seeds
- furze - a dense, thorny evergreen shrub with bright yellow flowers; gorse
- anther - the pollen-producing part at the tip of a flower's stamen
- thistledown - the soft, feathery hairs attached to ripe thistle seeds that help the wind carry them
- gnarl - to twist or deform something into a rough, knotted shape
- plowshare - the sharp cutting blade of a plow that slices horizontally through the soil
- hayrick - a large stack of hay, usually built outdoors for storage
- acacia - a shrub or tree of the tribe Acacieae, often thorny and bearing clusters of small flowers
- juniper - an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Juniperus, with needlelike or scalelike leaves and aromatic berrylike cones
- tendril - a slender, curling part of a climbing plant that coils around a support
- laburnum - a small tree or shrub of the genus Laburnum, bearing hanging clusters of bright yellow flowers
- agrimony - a perennial herb of the genus Agrimonia, with spikes of small yellow flowers and bristly fruits
- beechwood - the hard, pale wood of a beech tree
- arborescent - resembling a tree in form, growth, or branching structure
- cryptogamic - relating to cryptogams, the formerly grouped plants and plant-like organisms that reproduce by spores rather than flowers or seeds
- bole - the main trunk or stem of a tree
- canebrake - a dense thicket of cane, bamboo, or similar tall plants
- greenery - green leaves, plants, or vegetation considered collectively
- foliaceous - resembling a leaf or composed of leaflike parts
- copra - the dried white flesh or kernel of a coconut, from which coconut oil is extracted
- epiphyte - a plant that grows on another plant for physical support without drawing nourishment from it as a parasite
- bale - a large quantity of material compressed and tightly bound for storage or transport
- pasturage - land used or suitable for grazing livestock
- arable - suitable for or used in growing crops
- fructification - the process of bearing or producing fruit
- oleander - a poisonous evergreen shrub with narrow leathery leaves and clusters of white, pink, or red flowers, widely grown in warm regions
- scytheman - a person who cuts grass or grain with a scythe; a mower
- agriculturist - a specialist trained in the science, practice, or management of agriculture
- thresh - to separate grain or seeds from harvested plants by beating or by machine
- floral - decorated with, made from, or resembling flowers
- hawthorn - a thorny shrub or small tree of the genus Crataegus, bearing clusters of white or pink flowers and small red fruits
- rhododendron - an evergreen or deciduous shrub or small tree of the genus Rhododendron, often grown for clusters of showy flowers
- seedless - having no seeds, or no hard, noticeable, or mature seeds
- weedless - free from weeds
- foliate - having, resembling, or arranged in thin leaflike layers
- gynaeceum - botany: variant of gynoecium, the collective female reproductive parts of a flower
- liverwort - a small nonvascular plant related to mosses, usually growing in damp places as a leafy shoot or flat thallus
- mallow - a plant of the family Malvaceae, often with soft hairy leaves and pink, purple, or white flowers
- coppice - an area of woodland managed by periodically cutting trees or shrubs near the base so that new shoots provide a recurring supply of wood
- piny - covered with, full of, resembling, or characteristic of pine trees
- coop - a small enclosure or shelter for poultry or other small animals
- wood sorrel - any herb of the genus Oxalis, especially woodland species with sour sap, compound leaves, and five-petaled white, pink, purple, or yellow flowers
- dunghill - a heap of animal dung or refuse, especially one kept for use as manure
- grazier - a farmer or landholder who raises grazing livestock, especially cattle or sheep
- métayer - historical: a sharecropper who cultivates a landlord's land for a portion, often half, of the harvest while the landlord supplies stock, seed, or tools
- seedtime - the season or time for sowing seed
- boll - the rounded seed capsule of a plant such as cotton or flax
- alder - any tree or shrub of the genus Alnus in the birch family, typically growing in cool, moist ground and bearing catkins and small woody cones
- bracken - a tall, coarse fern that often grows in dense stands on open or wooded land
- convolvulus - a trailing or twining plant of the genus Convolvulus, typically with trumpet-shaped flowers; a bindweed
- myrtle - an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Myrtus, with aromatic leaves and white or pink flowers
- seedsman - a person or business that sells seeds
- begonia - a plant of the genus Begonia, often grown for its colorful flowers or ornamental asymmetrical leaves
- liana - a woody climbing plant, especially one growing in a tropical forest
- withy - a tough, flexible willow twig or branch, especially one used for binding or weaving
- winterberry - an eastern North American deciduous holly (Ilex verticillata) bearing persistent bright red berries
- peppergrass - any of various pungent cresses of the genus Lepidium, especially garden cress or Virginia peppergrass
- sheepcote - chiefly British or historical: a pen or small shelter for sheep
- redwood - a very tall conifer, especially the coast redwood or giant sequoia of western North America
- allamanda - a tropical American shrub or woody vine of the genus Allamanda, grown for its large funnel-shaped flowers
- araucaria - an evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Araucaria, which includes the monkey puzzle, bunya pine, and hoop pine
- sweet william - a widely cultivated European flowering plant (Dianthus barbatus) with dense, flat clusters of white, pink, red, or purple flowers
- haymaker - a powerful, often wide-swinging punch intended to knock an opponent down
- hickory - any of several North American hardwood trees of the genus Carya, many of which bear edible nuts
- wormwood - a strongly aromatic, intensely bitter plant of the genus Artemisia, especially Artemisia absinthium
- bulrush - any of several tall, rushlike wetland plants, especially a cattail or reedmace with a cylindrical flower spike
- fazenda - a large Brazilian farm or plantation, especially one producing coffee
- maidenhair - a fern of the genus Adiantum, with delicate fan-shaped leaflets on slender dark stalks
- manioc - the tropical plant Manihot esculenta, cultivated for its large starchy roots
- odontoglossum - a showy tropical American orchid formerly classified in the genus Odontoglossum, now generally placed within Oncidium
- swineherd - a person who herds, tends, and cares for pigs
- cottar - Scottish history: a peasant or farm laborer who occupied a cottage and sometimes a small plot, usually in return for labor services
- landholder - a person or organization that owns or legally holds land, especially an agricultural estate
- sedge - a grasslike plant of the family Cyperaceae, typically with solid triangular stems and growing in wet ground
- sorrel - any of several plants with tart, acidic leaves, especially common sorrel of the dock family
- acanthus - a plant of the genus Acanthus, with large deeply cut or spiny leaves and tall spikes of flowers
- strophanthus - a tropical African or Asian tree, shrub, or woody vine of the genus Strophanthus, often with long twisted petals
- thornbush - a bush or shrub that bears thorns, spines, or other sharp projections
- grange - a farm or farmhouse with its outbuildings, especially one formerly belonging to a monastery or estate
- aloe - any succulent plant of the genus Aloe, with a rosette of thick pointed leaves
- parterre - a formal ornamental garden laid out in symmetrical flowerbeds divided by paths
- dogwood - any of various trees or shrubs of the genus Cornus, often bearing showy flowerlike bracts and red or dark fruit
- cinquefoil - any of numerous plants of the genus Potentilla, typically bearing leaves with five leaflets and five-petaled flowers
- corolla - the petals of a flower considered collectively, usually forming a whorl inside the calyx
- herbaceous - having soft green stems rather than persistent woody tissue, especially of a plant or plant part
- vegetative - relating to plant growth or to asexual propagation from stems, roots, leaves, or other nonreproductive parts
- cowslip - a low-growing European primrose with clusters of fragrant yellow flowers, Primula veris
- heartsease - the European wild pansy, Viola tricolor, a small flower with petals commonly marked in three colors
- dahlia - a tuberous flowering plant of the genus Dahlia, native to Mexico and cultivated for its large, brightly colored flower heads
- gourd - a fruit with a hard rind from a trailing or climbing plant of the squash family, often grown for decoration or practical use
- hyacinth - a bulbous garden plant with a dense spike of fragrant, brightly colored flowers
- southernwood - an aromatic shrubby species of wormwood (Artemisia abrotanum), grown for its finely divided leaves and lemon-like scent
- woodbine - British: honeysuckle, especially the fragrant climbing species Lonicera periclymenum
- goldenrod - a tall plant of the genus Solidago or a related genus, bearing clusters of small yellow flowers
- groundnut - a peanut, especially when regarded as a crop or used to make oil
- hornbeam - a deciduous tree or shrub of the genus Carpinus, noted for smooth bark and very hard wood
- foxglove - a tall plant of the genus Digitalis with spikes of tubular, usually purple, pink, or white flowers
- gorse - a dense evergreen shrub with spiny leaves and bright yellow flowers, common on open land in western Europe
- privet - an evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub with small leaves and white flowers, often planted as a hedge
- nectary - a gland or specialized plant structure that secretes nectar
- orchis - a terrestrial orchid, especially a plant of the genus Orchis
- papilionaceous - having a butterfly-shaped corolla, as in many flowers of the pea family
- pinnate - having leaflets, lobes, veins, or branches arranged in two rows along a central axis
- polyandrous - having numerous stamens, especially stamens inserted on the receptacle of a flower
- radicle - the embryonic root of a seedling, which is the first part to grow downward from a germinating seed
- snapdragon - a garden plant of the genus Antirrhinum with brightly colored flowers shaped like a dragon's mouth
- antirrhinum - a snapdragon plant of the genus Antirrhinum
- barberry - a thorny shrub of the genus Berberis, typically bearing yellow flowers and red or dark berries
- sprig - a small shoot, twig, or cluster cut from a plant
- milkweed - any of various plants, especially of the genus Asclepias, with milky sap and pods containing silky-tufted seeds
- mullein - a plant of the genus Verbascum, typically having woolly leaves and a tall spike of yellow flowers
- pigweed - any of various common weedy plants, especially amaranths or goosefoots, some formerly used as pig fodder or leafy food
- charlock - a yellow-flowered Eurasian wild mustard that commonly grows as a weed in grain fields
- dicotyledonous - having an embryo with two cotyledons, as in the flowering plants traditionally called dicotyledons
- hollyhock - a tall garden mallow of the genus Alcea, grown for spikes of large colourful flowers
- orchidaceous - relating to orchids or the orchid family
- gladiolus - a flowering plant with sword-shaped leaves and tall spikes of large, brightly colored flowers
- pipewort - any of several aquatic or marsh plants of the genus Eriocaulon, with narrow leaves and small flowers gathered in dense heads
- poplar - any of various fast-growing deciduous trees of the genus Populus, often with leaves that tremble in the wind
- puffball - a round fungus that releases a cloud of powdery spores when its mature fruiting body is pressed or broken
- purslane - a low-growing succulent plant, especially Portulaca oleracea, whose fleshy leaves may be eaten as a vegetable or salad herb
- repastination - obsolete: the act of digging or turning over soil again
- sapwood - the younger, living outer wood of a tree trunk or branch, through which water and minerals are conducted
- pelargonium - a flowering plant of the genus Pelargonium, often cultivated as a tender ornamental and commonly called a geranium
- pimpernel - a low-growing plant with small star-shaped flowers, especially the scarlet pimpernel or a related species
- umbel - a flat-topped or rounded flower cluster whose individual stalks arise from nearly the same point
- vetch - a twining leguminous plant of the genus Vicia or a related genus, often grown for fodder, seed, or green manure
- crocus - a low-growing perennial plant with narrow leaves and cup-shaped white, yellow, or purple flowers
- bilberry - a small dark-blue edible berry resembling a blueberry and growing wild in northern Europe
- withe - a slender, flexible twig or shoot, especially one used for binding
- rosebud - the unopened or partly opened flower bud of a rose
- mistletoe - an evergreen plant that grows parasitically on trees and bears white berries
- pedunculate - attached to or borne on a peduncle, stalk, or stem
- sumac - any of various shrubs or small trees with divided leaves and dense clusters of reddish fruit
- burr - a rough or prickly seed case, husk, or flower head that clings to fur or clothing
- axil - in botany, the upper angle between a leaf, branch, or leafstalk and the stem or axis from which it grows
- cotyledon - an embryonic leaf in a seed, often serving as the seedling's first leaf or food store
- teasel - a tall prickly plant of the genus Dipsacus with spiny, cone-shaped flower heads
- carex - a sedge belonging to the large genus Carex, whose small fruits are enclosed in saclike structures
- arborvitae - any of several evergreen conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis, commonly grown as ornamental trees or hedges
- farmsteading - chiefly British or Scottish: a farmstead, especially the farmhouse and its surrounding farm buildings considered as a group
- hydrangea - a shrub of the genus Hydrangea, grown for its large rounded or flat clusters of white, pink, blue, or purple flowers
- sweetbriar - a Eurasian wild rose with prickly stems, fragrant leaves, pink flowers, and red hips
- buttonwood - the American sycamore, a large North American plane tree with round buttonlike fruiting heads
- chicory - a perennial plant with blue flowers, Cichorium intybus, cultivated for its leaves and root
- inarch - to graft one growing plant onto another while both stock and scion remain attached to their own roots
- stipule - one of a pair of small, often leaflike appendages at the base of a leaf stalk
- cottonwood - any of several North American poplar trees whose seeds have tufts of cottonlike hairs
- laciniate - botany and zoology: cut into a fringe or into deep, narrow, irregular lobes
- potamogeton - a submerged or floating-leaved aquatic plant of the genus Potamogeton; a pondweed
- kauri - a large Australasian conifer of the genus Agathis, especially the New Zealand tree Agathis australis
- agave - any of a genus of succulent plants with a rosette of thick, often spiny leaves and a tall flowering stalk
- fennel - an aromatic herb with feathery leaves and yellow flowers, cultivated for its edible leaves, seeds, and swollen stem base
- narcissus - a bulbous spring-flowering plant with white, yellow, or orange trumpet-shaped flowers, including daffodils and jonquils
- thallus - a plantlike vegetative body, such as that of an alga, fungus, or lichen, which is not differentiated into true stems, leaves, and roots
- rhubarb - a garden plant with large leaves and long, thick, sour-tasting stalks that are cooked with sugar as food
- arum - a plant of the genus Arum, having arrow-shaped leaves and a club-shaped spadix partly enclosed by a hoodlike spathe
- burnet - any herb of the genus Sanguisorba, especially salad burnet, with divided leaves and dense clusters of small flowers
- asphodel - a Mediterranean plant with tall spikes of white, pink, or yellow flowers, especially one of the genus Asphodelus
- clematis - a plant of a large genus of mostly climbing vines grown for their conspicuous flowers and feathery seed heads
- larch - a coniferous tree of the genus Larix that bears soft needles in clusters and sheds them each autumn
- liliaceous - botany: belonging or relating to the lily family Liliaceae
- spikenard - a Himalayan aromatic plant, Nardostachys jatamansi, whose rhizome yields fragrant oil
- crabapple - a small, hard, sour apple borne by a wild or ornamental apple tree
- jimson - US: jimsonweed, a poisonous annual plant with trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly seed capsules
- corncrib - a ventilated farm building or bin used to store and dry ears of maize
- germen - historical botany: the ovary of a flower, containing the ovules and developing into the fruit after fertilization
- arbutus - an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Arbutus, especially the strawberry tree, with bell-shaped flowers and red fruit
- elecampane - a tall Eurasian plant of the daisy family, Inula helenium, formerly valued for its aromatic medicinal root
- carnation - a cultivated Eurasian plant with fragrant, usually ruffled flowers in white, pink, red, or other colors
- frangipani - a tropical American shrub or small tree of the genus Plumeria, grown for its clusters of strongly fragrant flowers
- jonquil - a fragrant daffodil, Narcissus jonquilla, with narrow rushlike leaves and clusters of yellow or white flowers
- palmate - shaped like an open hand, with lobes, leaflets, veins, or other parts radiating from a common point
- fucus - a brown seaweed of the genus Fucus, common on rocky seashores and including bladderwrack
- guano - the accumulated excrement of seabirds or bats, especially when collected and used as fertilizer
- magnolia - a tree or shrub of the genus Magnolia, typically bearing large, fragrant flowers
- haycock - a small conical pile of hay left in a field to dry
- herbarium - a systematically arranged collection of preserved plant specimens kept for scientific study
- honeysuckle - a climbing or shrubby plant of the genus Lonicera, typically bearing fragrant tubular flowers rich in nectar
- monocotyledonous - having or relating to a single cotyledon in the seed, as in grasses, lilies, palms, and other monocots
- valerian - a perennial flowering plant of the genus Valeriana, especially Valeriana officinalis, with clusters of small pink or white flowers
- betony - a perennial herb, especially Stachys officinalis, with spikes of purple flowers and a history of medicinal use
- perianth - the non-reproductive outer parts of a flower, comprising the sepals and petals or, when they are not distinct, the tepals
- plumbago - a warm-climate flowering plant of the genus Plumbago, commonly called leadwort
- columbine - any plant of the genus Aquilegia, with showy flowers whose petals or sepals have long backward-pointing spurs
- mandrake - a Mediterranean plant of the genus Mandragora with a thick often forked root and toxic tropane alkaloids
- medlar - a small Eurasian tree, Mespilus germanica, cultivated for its brown apple-like fruit
- sassafras - an aromatic deciduous tree of the genus Sassafras, especially the eastern North American species Sassafras albidum
- fruitage - the fruit produced by a plant, or the amount of fruit it yields
- yucca - any of a genus of evergreen plants with stiff sword-shaped leaves and tall clusters of white flowers, native chiefly to warm, dry parts of North and Central America
- orris - the fragrant dried rhizome of certain irises, used especially in perfumery, potpourri, and flavoring
- geranium - a flowering plant of the genus Geranium, commonly called a cranesbill and often grown as a hardy garden perennial
- sundew - a small carnivorous bog plant of the genus Drosera whose leaves bear sticky, glistening hairs that trap and digest insects
- stook - chiefly British: a group of sheaves of grain set upright together in a field to dry
- cassava - a tropical American plant, Manihot esculenta, cultivated for its large starchy roots
- opuntia - botany: any cactus of the genus Opuntia, whose members typically have flattened jointed pads and include the prickly pears
- petiole - botany: the stalk that attaches a leaf blade to a plant stem
- woad - a Eurasian plant, Isatis tinctoria, formerly cultivated as a source of blue dye
- cattleman - a person who owns, raises, or manages cattle, especially on a ranch
- fructify - to bear fruit or become fruitful
- milch - of a cow or other female animal: producing milk, especially when kept for dairy use
- mulga - Any of a number of small acacia trees, especially Acacia aneura, forming dense scrub in dry inland areas of Australia.
- farmyard - the open area beside or among the buildings of a farm
- ilex - an evergreen Mediterranean oak with leathery leaves; the holm oak
- eglantine - a prickly Eurasian wild rose with fragrant leaves, pink flowers, and red hips; sweetbrier
- piggery - a place where pigs are kept or raised
- rosemary - an aromatic evergreen shrub with narrow leaves, grown as a culinary and medicinal herb
- byre - a farm building in which cattle are housed
- cowshed - a farm building in which cows are kept
- toadstool - a mushroom, especially one regarded as poisonous or unsuitable for eating
- bergamot - small tree with pear-shaped fruit whose oil is used in perfumery
- nard - an aromatic ointment used in antiquity
- patchouli - a tropical aromatic plant, or the strong-scented oil and perfume obtained from it
- verbena - any of numerous tropical or subtropical American plants of the genus Verbena grown for their showy spikes of variously colored flowers
- bluebell - Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
- harebell - A perennial flowering plant, Campanula rotundifolia, native to the Northern Hemisphere, with blue, bell-like flowers.
- laith - Northern English dialect: a barn or agricultural shed
- pitchfork - a long-handled hand tool with sharp widely spaced prongs for lifting and pitching hay
- rosebush - any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses
- wallflower - Any of several short-lived herbs or shrubs of the Erysimum genus with bright yellow to red flowers.
- peony - a flowering plant of the genus Paeonia with large fragrant flowers.
- leafage - the leaves of plants collectively; foliage
- scabious - a plant with pincushion-like flower heads, especially one of the genera Scabiosa or Knautia
- hellebore - a flowering plant of the genus Helleborus, several species of which are poisonous and were formerly medicinal
- ingathering - the gathering in of a harvest
- heliotrope - a plant of the genus Heliotropium, often grown for clusters of fragrant purple flowers

### C2+
- ergotism - poisoning caused by eating fungus-infected grain, causing convulsions or gangrene
- beray - to befoul, defile, or soil thoroughly
- besmirch - to soil or to damage someone's reputation or honor
- enlarge - to make or grow larger; to expand
- befilth - to make filthy; to soil thoroughly
- bemud - to soil or bespatter with mud
- bloomer - a stupid mistake; also a plant that flowers
- buttercup - a yellow-flowered wild plant of the genus Ranunculus
- eggplant - a purple-skinned fruit eaten as a vegetable; the aubergine
- eradicative - tending or serving to eradicate or root out completely
- soy - the soybean plant or products made from it
- ananas - a pineapple, or the plant bearing it
- chaff - the husks of grain separated from the seed; worthless matter; to tease
- engraft - to insert a shoot into another plant, or to fix firmly into something
- germinate - to begin to grow or sprout, as a seed; to develop
- rake - a toothed tool for gathering leaves or smoothing soil
- terminology - the specialized vocabulary of a particular field
- accrete - to grow or form by gradual accumulation or adherence
- agriculturalist - a person who studies or practices agriculture; a farmer or expert
- bedrock - the solid rock beneath soil; figuratively, a fundamental basis
- bindweed - a twining climbing plant with trumpet-shaped flowers, often a pernicious weed
- brassica - a plant of the cabbage genus, including cabbage, mustard, and turnip
- canker - a spreading ulcer or plant sore; a corrupting influence
- coneflower - a daisy-like plant with a raised central cone, such as echinacea
- cornflower - a blue-flowered plant that grows in cornfields; bachelor's button
- cultivar - a plant variety produced by selective breeding in cultivation
- dibble - a pointed tool for making holes for seeds; to plant with one
- drumhead - the tightly stretched membrane of a drum; summary, as in a field trial
- fester - to become infected and suppurate, or to grow steadily worse
- fig - the soft sweet fruit of the fig tree, or a thing of trivial value
- germination - the process by which a seed begins to grow and develop
- helianthus - a plant of the sunflower genus, with large radiate flower heads
- husbandman - a farmer or tiller of the soil
- larkspur - a tall plant bearing spurred flowers, often blue or purple
- lime - a green citrus fruit; a calcium compound; or to treat soil with lime
- nomenclature - a system of names used in a particular field
- pawpaw - a North American tree or its edible fruit; also a name for the papaya
- pomato - a grafted plant bearing both potatoes and tomatoes
- prune - to trim a plant by cutting branches, or a dried plum
- rootle - to dig or rummage with or as if with the snout; to root about
- soya - the soybean plant or its protein-rich seed, used for food and oil
- starken - to make or grow stark, stiff, or harsh (archaic/dialectal)
- akin - Of persons, of the same kin; related by blood.
- errand - A journey undertaken to accomplish some task.
- meadow - A field or pasture; a piece of land either intentionally cultivated with grass or (especially) naturally covered with grass, especially one that is intended to be mown for hay or to be grazed.
- wigwam - Any more or less similar dwelling used by indigenous people in other parts of the world.
- scalp - the skin that covers the top of the head
- amen - Certainly; verily.
- inter - To bury in a grave.
- lichenous - covered with or bearing lichen
- etiolate - to make a plant pale, weak, and abnormally elongated by depriving it of light
- highbush blueberry - a tall, moisture-loving North American blueberry shrub (Vaccinium corymbosum), the principal source of cultivated blueberries
- laetation - obsolete: manure or other material used to fertilize soil
- John's wort - any of numerous herbs or shrubs of the genus Hypericum, typically bearing yellow five-petaled flowers
- cycadaceous - of, relating to, or resembling cycads, especially plants of the family Cycadaceae
- upas tree - a tall tropical Asian tree (Antiaris toxicaria) whose poisonous latex has been used to prepare arrow poison
- jacitara - a spiny Brazilian climbing palm of the genus Desmoncus, whose hooked leaflets help its stem scramble up trees
- alburnum - sapwood: the younger, usually paler outer wood of a tree trunk, between the cambium and heartwood
- tacsonia - a chiefly Andean passionflower formerly placed in the genus Tacsonia and now classified within Passiflora, typically with a long floral tube
- manurance - the cultivation, occupation, or working of land; archaic
- coelospermous - having a seed or seedlike fruit whose inner face is hollowed or incurved
- orthospermous - having a seed or seedlike fruit whose inner face is straight rather than hollowed or incurved
- peloria - the abnormal development of radial symmetry in a flower that is normally bilaterally symmetrical
- phyllodineous - having phyllodes, or relating to plants in which flattened leafstalks perform the function of leaf blades
- auricula - a cultivated Alpine primrose with clusters of often brightly coloured flowers
- cowpath - a path made or regularly used by cows, especially between pasture and barnyard
- muckheap - a pile of manure, refuse, or other decaying farmyard waste
- palm leaf - a leaf or frond of a palm tree, especially one used for thatching, weaving, fibre, or decoration
- pinweed - any of several slender North American herbs of the genus Lechea, with many small leaves and tiny flowers
- ombu - a massive, fast-growing South American plant, Phytolacca dioica, with a broad trunk of soft water-rich tissue and a wide evergreen crown
- alerce - a very large, long-lived evergreen tree of southern Chile and Argentina, Fitzroya cupressoides, valued for its durable reddish wood
- algarroba - the carob tree or its long, sweet, edible pod
- dogfennel - any of several strong-smelling, fennel-like plants, especially the North American weed Eupatorium capillifolium
- champac - a tropical Asian evergreen tree, Magnolia champaca, cultivated for its strongly fragrant yellow or orange flowers
- digitated - divided into fingerlike lobes or leaflets that spread from one point, especially in botany
- dichogamous - having male and female reproductive organs that mature at different times, reducing self-fertilization in a hermaphroditic organism
- floriculturist - a specialist who cultivates flowering and ornamental plants, especially as a profession
- antherozoid - botany: a motile male gamete produced in an antheridium by algae, bryophytes, ferns, and certain other plants
- dispetal - to strip the petals from a flower
- seedhead - the seed-bearing part of a plant that remains after flowering

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