Discoveries and Inventions of the Nineteenth Century

batteries, 530. Segment shells, 217. Senefelder, 556, 636. Shear steel, 54. Ship canals, 249. Ships of war, 149. Shrapnel shells, 216. Siemens, 67. Siemens’ dynamo, 522. pneumatic tubes, 341. regenerator, 68. regulator, 523. Siemens-Martin steel, 70. Sight, 452. Signals, railway, 108. Silver plating by electricity, 500. Sirius, 440. Skerryvore, 596. Skiagraphs, 447. Slide rest, 87. Smokeless powder, 226. Snider rifle, 184. Snow-plough, 123. Sodium, 715. Some phenomena of light, 382. Sommeiller perforators, 351. Sömmering’s telegraph, 548. Sound, 665. waves, 640. Sounding telegraph, 566. South African diamond fields, 701. Speaking machine, 670. tubes, 730. Spectra, absorption, 431. bright lined, 425. of permanent gases, 430. of salts, 424. of stars, 440. spark, 420. Spectroscope, 416. Spectrum, continuous, 422. lithium, 425, 436. of sodium, 424. pure, 420. solar, 418, 613. Sphygmograph, 660. Spiegeleisen, 64. Stage illusions, 395. Stars, distance of, 440. motion of, 442. spectra of, 440. Steamboats, river, 144. Steam engine, agricultural, 23. domestic, 25. forms of, 14. Newcomen’s, 3. portable, 23. Watt’s double-acting, 6. Watt’s improvements, 4. Steam Engines, 3. Steam carriages, 21. expansive working of, 8, 17. 825Steam hammer, the, 25. Steam Navigation, 129. Steam fire engine, 23. “navvies,” 269. rollers, 23. superheated, 9. Steamships, comparative sizes of, 138. recent improvements in, 139. speed of, 137. Steel, 52, 68. Bessemer, 58. blister, 54. cast, 54. Krupp’s, 55. puddled, 55. Réaumur’s, 67. shear, 54. Siemens, 68. tempering, 53. tensile strength of, 53. Stellar evolution, 810. Stephenson, George, 14, 102. Robert, 280. St. Gothard Railway, 371. Stereoscope, Brewster’s refracting, 470. Wheatstone’s reflecting, 469. Stereoscopic effect, 469. lustre, 472. views, 470, 474. Stereotyping, 642. Stevenson, Alan, 602, 603. Storage battery, 530. Strada, 547. Stratified discharge, 517. Stroboscopic disc, 476. Submarine cables, 575. Sub-Wealden, exploration, 362. Suez Canal, the, 251. Sun, elements in, 438. constitution, 438. Superheated steam, 9. Surface plates, Whitworth’s, 94. Suspension bridges, 284. Sympathetic needles, 547. Syphon recorder, 571. Swan’s carbon process, 619, 481. T. Table, air resistance to projectile, 177. benzol and toluol compounds, 789. coal raised in Great Britain, 727. coal-tar, colours, 794. composition of cast iron, 43. dimensions of parts of eye, 462. dimensions of steamships, 138. electric light v. gas, 514, 515. floatation of Monarch and Captain, 160. formulæ of hydro-carbon, 758. Gramme machine, 518. hydro-carbon in coal-tar, 782. illuminating power of gases, 774. lighthouse apparatus, 602. lighthouse lamps, 597. Martini-Henry rifle, 187. nitrogen and oxygen compounds, 731, 732. photographic actions, 612. products from 100 lbs. of coal, 796. ships of war, 166. telegraph code, Morse’s, 560. telegraph, war department, 557. tenacities of iron, 277. wave-lengths of colours, 411. Wheatstone’s dot signals, 565. 826Talbot, 610. Talbotype, 611. Tall buildings, 76. Tawell, arrest of, 550. Telegraphic instruments, 553. Telegraphic lines, 572. Telegraph poles, 572. Telegraphs in Great Britain, 574. Telegraphy, wireless, 546. Tel-el-Kebir, 260. Telepherage, 549. Telephone, the, 581. Telestereoscope, 472. Tenacities of iron, 277. Tension of electricity, 498. Tesla, Nikola, 542. oscillator, 542. Tesla’s experiments, 545. Thallium, 426. The Terrible, H.M.S., 167. Thomson, Sir W., 483, 570, 571, 805, 808. Throttle valve, 6. Thunderer, H.M.S., 164. “Times” newspaper, 387, 312. Tools, 85. Torpedo-boats, 231. Torpedoes, 227. Tour de Cordouan, 593. Tourmaline, 404. Tower Bridge, the, 297. Trajectory of projectile, 174. Tramways, 22. Transfer process, 638. Transvaal, 693. Tunnel, Mont Cenis, 351. St. Gothard, 373. Tunnels, helicoidal, 379. Turbine, 144. Turbinia, the, 144. Turret ships, 154. Tyndall, 383, 803, 809. U. Undulation of the ether, 409. V. Vaal River, 701. Valentine, electric, 581. Valve, throttle, 6. slide, 8. Vegetable nature of coal, 753. Velocity of light, 384. Venice, view in, 396. Vetterli rifle, 189. Victoria, Australia, gold-field of, 688. Victoria Bridge, Montreal, 282. Victoria, H.M.S., 166, 168. Vision, persistence of, 476. Visual impressions, 468. Voltaic element, 490. Vulcanite, 728. Vulcanized india-rubber, 727. W. Wall papers, machines for printing, 322. Walter press, 323. Warner’s torpedo experiment, 241. Warren girder, 280. 827Warrior, H.M.S., 150. Warships, new types of, 167. Water decomposed by electricity, 498. Waterproof cloths, 726. Watt, 3, 4, 8, 14. Welding, electric, 537. Wells, Horace, 735. Welsbach incandescent gas lights, 777. Whaleback, 147. Wheatstone, 387, 470, 474, 552. and Cooke’s telegraph, 548, 554. Wheatstone’s automatic telegraph, 564. dial telegraph, 568. dot signals, 565. Wheels of railway carriages, 107. Whitehead’s torpedoes, 232, 242. Whitworth’s guns, 193. rifle, 182. Wire-drawing for Atlantic cables, 576. Wireless telegraphy, 546. Woodbury printing process, 641. process for engraving photographs, 643. Woolwich, 27. “infants,” 201. Work, 11, 12, 160, 325, 804. X. X-Rays, 445. Y. Young’s paraffin oil, 762. Z. Zinc, amalgamated, 490. Zincography, 644. Zoetrope, 478. Zöllner, 475. EDINBURGH: PRINTED BY MORRISON AND GIBB LIMITED