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Word
English Vocabulary
Pick a CEFR level (A1–C2, plus C2+ for rare words beyond the CEFR scale) — A1 is the friendliest place to start — and browse its words grouped by topic: travel, food, the body, emotions, and more. Each word shows its meaning, example sentences, and US/UK pronunciation.
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View all levelsC2+ is beyond the official CEFR scale: rare, specialist, and literary words kept for reference.
8976 words
Grammar & Function Words(41)
whereupon
C2+
/ˌ(h)wɛrəˈpɑn/
immediately after which or as a consequence of which
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qua
C2+
/kwɑː/
formal: in the capacity or character of; considered specifically as
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afront
C2+
/əˈfrʌnt/
archaic or dialectal: in front or face to face
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anigh
C2+
/əˈnai/
archaic or dialectal: near or close by
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anent
C2+
/əˈnent/
concerning or with regard to; used chiefly in Scots and formal or archaic writing
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aught
C2+
/ɔt/
anything at all; the slightest thing
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apropos
C2+
/ˌæprəˈpoʊ/
relevant to the matter; with reference to
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mid
C2+
/mɪd/
in the middle part of; central
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sith
C2+
/sɪθ/
archaic word for since or seeing that
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amidst
C2+
/əˈmɪdst/
in the middle of; surrounded by
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fromward
C2+
/ˈfrʌmwɚd/
away from; directed away (archaic)
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howso
C2+
/ˈhaʊsoʊ/
in whatever way; however (archaic)
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sithe
C2+
/saɪð/
an archaic form of 'since'; also a dialectal variant of scythe
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afore
C2+
/əˈfɔr/
before, in place or time (archaic or dialectal)
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barring
C2+
/ˈbɑrɪŋ/
except for; apart from the possibility of
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betwixt
C2+
/bɪˈtwɪkst/
between (archaic or literary)
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circa
C2+
/ˈsɚkə/
approximately; used with dates to indicate an estimate
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ere
C2+
/ɛr/
before (in time)
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howbeit
C2+
/haʊˈbiɪt/
nevertheless; be that as it may
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howsoever
C2+
/ˌhaʊsoʊˈɛvɚ/
in whatever way or to whatever degree
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outwith
C2+
/ˌaʊtˈwɪθ/
outside of or beyond (chiefly Scots usage)
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pending
C2+
/ˈpɛndɪŋ/
awaiting decision or settlement; until
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sithence
C2+
/ˈsɪðəns/
archaic word meaning since, afterward, or because
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whence
C2+
/wɛns/
from what place or source
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Numbers & Quantity(7)
bucketful
C2+
/ˈbʌkɪtˌfʊl/
the amount a bucket holds; a large quantity
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fourscore
C2+
/ˈfɔrˈskɔr/
eighty (four times twenty)
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fivescore
C2+
/ˈfaɪvˌskɔr/
five times twenty; one hundred
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quantum
C2+
/ˈkwɑntəm/
a discrete quantity of energy, or the smallest possible amount
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slew
C2+
/slu/
a large number or quantity; also past tense of slay
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threescore
C2+
/ˈθriˌskɔr/
archaic term for sixty
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triple
C2+
/ˈtrɪpəl/
consisting of three parts or three times as great
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Space, Position & Direction(16)
left-handedness
C2+
/ˌleftˈhæn.dɪd.nəs/
the tendency or preference to use the left hand rather than the right for skilled actions
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nombril
C2+
/ˈnɑːmbrəl/
heraldry: the point midway between the center and the bottom of an escutcheon
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pi-meson
C2+
/ˈpaɪ ˌmez.ɑːn/
a pion, any of three unstable spin-zero mesons with positive, negative, or zero charge, formed from combinations of up and down quarks and antiquarks
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clearance
C2+
/ˈklɪrəns/
official permission, or the space between two objects
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interspace
C2+
/ˈɪntərspeɪs/
a space between things; an intervening gap
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caesura
C2+
/sɪˈʒʊrə/
a pause near the middle of a line of verse; any interruptive break
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obverse
C2+
/ˈɑbvɝs/
the front or principal side of a coin or medal; a counterpart
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renunciation
C2+
/rɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/
the formal giving up of a right or claim
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reversal
C2+
/rɪˈvɝsəl/
a change to an opposite direction, position, or decision
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doorsill
C2+
/ˈdɔrsɪl/
the horizontal threshold at the bottom of a doorway
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interstice
C2+
/ɪnˈtɝstɪs/
a small intervening space or gap between things
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lintel
C2+
/ˈlɪntl/
a horizontal beam across the top of a door or window
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marquess
C2+
/ˈmɑrkwɪs/
a nobleman ranking below a duke and above an earl
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oscillation
C2+
/ˌɑsɪˈleɪʃən/
a regular movement back and forth between two points or states
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phylum
C2+
/ˈfaɪləm/
a principal taxonomic category ranking above class and below kingdom
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zeugitai
C2+
/zuːˈɡiː.taɪ/
historical: members of the third of the four property classes in Solonian Athens, below the hippeis and above the thetes
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Time(14)
half-hour
C2+
/ˈhæˌfaʊɝ/
The time of thirty minutes past any particular hour.
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longsword
C2+
/ˈlɔŋsɔɹd/
Any type of sword that is comparatively long; depending on context, applied to swords of the Bronze Age, Migration period, Viking Age and Renaissance era.
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jiff
C2+
/dʒɪf/
a very short period of time; a moment
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nones
C2+
/noʊnz/
the ninth day before the ides in the Roman calendar; a midday canonical hour
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hebdomad
C2+
/ˈhɛbdəˌmæd/
a group of seven, especially a period of seven days; a week
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yesteryear
C2+
/ˈjɛstɚˌjɪr/
a time in the recent past; former years
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decennium
C2+
/dɪˈsɛniəm/
a period of ten years; a decade
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doomsday
C2+
/ˈdumzdeɪ/
the day of the Last Judgment; a time of catastrophe
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eon
C2+
/ˈiˌɑn/
an immeasurably long period of time; the largest division of geologic time
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morrow
C2+
/ˈmɑroʊ/
the following day; the time after an event
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sec
C2+
/sɛk/
a second of time (informal); of wine, dry
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sennight
C2+
/ˈsɛnaɪt/
a period of seven nights; a week (archaic)
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sevennight
C2+
/ˈsɛvənaɪt/
a period of seven nights; a week (archaic)
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teg
C2+
/tɛɡ/
a sheep in its second year, or a young sheep before its first shearing
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People & Society(619)
hmm
C2+
/hm̩/
a sound used to show that someone is thinking, hesitating, doubtful, or mildly interested
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deposition
C2+
/ˌdɛp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/
The removal of someone from office.
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rabble
C2+
/ˈɹæbəl/
The mass of common people; the lowest class of populace.
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sphinx
C2+
/ˈsfɪŋks/
A creature with the head of a person and the body of an animal, commonly a lion.
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Anglo-Saxon
C2+
/ˌæŋ.ɡloʊˈsæk.sən/
a member of the Germanic-speaking peoples who settled in England from the fifth century and whose kingdoms preceded Norman rule
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go-getter
C2+
/ˈɡoʊˌɡɛt.ɚ/
an energetic, enterprising, and ambitious person who acts decisively to achieve success
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wigwam
C2+
/ˈwɪɡwɑːm/
Any more or less similar dwelling used by indigenous people in other parts of the world.
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populist
C2+
/ˈpɑ.pjə.lɪst/
A person who advocates populism (a movement against ruling elites who are presumed not to act in the interests of the ordinary citizen).
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heigh
C2+
/heɪ/
an exclamation used to attract attention, urge someone on, or express surprise
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tête-à-tête
C2+
/ˌteɪt.əˈteɪt/
a private conversation or meeting between two people
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infrasound
C2+
/ˈɪnfrəˌsaʊnd/
sound waves having a frequency below the human audible range (below about 20 Hz).
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chucklehead
C2+
/ˈtʃʌkl̩ˌhɛd/
informal, disparaging: a stupid, foolish, or clumsy person
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dyspeptic
C2+
/ˌdɪˈspɛptɪk/
A dyspeptic person.
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snitcher
C2+
/ˈsnɪtʃɚ/
an informer who secretly reports another person's wrongdoing to the police or another authority
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telepathist
C2+
/təˈlɛpəθɪst/
a person believed to receive or transmit thoughts directly without using the known senses
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hobbledehoy
C2+
/ˈhɑː.bəl.diˌhɔɪ/
an awkward, gawky, or ill-mannered adolescent boy
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birdcatcher
C2+
/ˈbɝdˌkætʃɚ/
a person who catches or traps wild birds
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demander
C2+
a person or group that demands or asks for something
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souteneur
C2+
/ˌsuː.təˈnɝː/
A man who protects, and commonly compels, a prostitute of any gender and lives off the earnings; a pimp. Originally a Parisian term, but since adopted into other languages such as English
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touter
C2+
/ˈtaʊtɚ/
a person who solicits customers or promotes something in an insistent or obtrusive way
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Koryak
C2+
/ˈkɔːriˌæk/
a member of an Indigenous people of the northern Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring parts of the Russian Far East
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first-nighter
C2+
/ˌfɝːstˈnaɪtɚ/
a person who regularly attends the opening nights of plays or other theatrical productions
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inventress
C2+
/ɪnˈvɛntrəs/
dated: a woman who invents; a female inventor
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shopboy
C2+
/ˈʃɑːpˌbɔɪ/
historical: a boy or young male assistant employed in a shop
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Family & Relationships(42)
cuckoo
C2+
/ˈkuku/
Any of various birds, of the family Cuculidae within the order Cuculiformes, famous for laying its eggs in the nests of other species; but especially a common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), that has a characteristic two-note call.
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bee-eater
C2+
/ˈbiːˌiːtɚ/
any brightly colored insect-eating bird of the family Meropidae, known for catching bees and wasps in flight
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motmot
C2+
/ˈmɑːtˌmɑːt/
a tropical American bird of the family Momotidae, usually green or blue-green and often having two long racket-tipped central tail feathers
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ex
C2+
/ɛks/
(informal) a former spouse or partner
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da
C2+
/dɑ/
father (dialectal or informal)
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cognomen
C2+
/kɑɡˈnoʊmən/
a surname, nickname, or family name, especially in ancient Rome
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dada
C2+
/ˈdɑdɑ/
an early-20th-century anti-art movement embracing absurdity; informally, father
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gull
C2+
/ɡʌl/
a seabird of the family Laridae; also, to deceive or cheat someone
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kin
C2+
/kɪn/
one's family and relations collectively
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chive
C2+
/tʃaɪv/
a slender herb of the onion family used to flavor food
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adder
C2+
/ˈædɚ/
a small venomous snake of the viper family
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ancestry
C2+
/ˈænsɛstri/
one's family or ethnic descent; lineage
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chickadee
C2+
/ˈtʃɪkəˌdiː/
a small North American songbird of the tit family with a dark cap
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consort
C2+
/ˈkɑnsɔrt/
a spouse, especially of a reigning monarch; to associate with
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fatherling
C2+
/ˈfɑðərlɪŋ/
a little or dear father (an archaic affectionate term)
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helpmeet
C2+
/ˈhɛlpˌmit/
a helpful companion or partner, especially a spouse
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kindred
C2+
/ˈkɪndrəd/
one's family and relations; related or similar in nature
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lineage
C2+
/ˈlɪniɪdʒ/
direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry
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maternity
C2+
/məˈtɜrnɪti/
the state of being a mother; motherhood
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nanny
C2+
/ˈnæni/
a person employed to care for a family's children; a female goat
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progenitor
C2+
/proʊˈdʒɛnɪtɚ/
an ancestor or originator of a line or movement
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provider
C2+
/prəˈvaɪdɚ/
one who supplies something or supports a family
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bandfish
C2+
/ˈbændˌfɪʃ/
a small elongated red marine fish of the family Cepolidae
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forebear
C2+
/ˈfɔrbɛr/
an ancestor
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Emotions & Feelings(44)
blues
C2+
/bluːz/
a mood of melancholy; a melancholic African-American musical genre
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enchantment
C2+
/ɪnˈtʃæntmənt/
a feeling of great delight; a magic spell
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pang
C2+
/pæŋ/
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotion
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aggrievance
C2+
/əˈɡrivəns/
a grievance; a feeling or cause of being wronged
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commiseration
C2+
/kəˌmɪzəˈreɪʃən/
sympathy and sorrow expressed for another's misfortune
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ennui
C2+
/ɑnˈwi/
a feeling of listless weariness and dissatisfaction from boredom
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exaltation
C2+
/ˌɛɡzɔlˈteɪʃən/
a feeling of great joy or elation; the act of raising in rank
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gloom
C2+
/ɡlum/
partial darkness or a feeling of deep sadness and despondency
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hunch
C2+
/hʌntʃ/
an intuitive feeling or guess; also, to arch the back forward
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repulsion
C2+
/rɪˈpʌlʃən/
a feeling of intense disgust, or a force driving things apart
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uneasiness
C2+
/ʌnˈiːzinəs/
a feeling of anxiety or discomfort
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antipathy
C2+
/ænˈtɪpəθi/
a deep-seated feeling of dislike or aversion
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compunction
C2+
/kəmˈpʌŋkʃən/
a feeling of guilt or moral scruple that deters wrongdoing
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fervor
C2+
/ˈfɝvɚ/
intense and passionate feeling or enthusiasm
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pique
C2+
/pik/
a feeling of irritation or resentment; to stimulate interest or arouse
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caprice
C2+
/kəˈpris/
a sudden and unaccountable change of mood or behavior
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disrelish
C2+
/dɪsˈrɛlɪʃ/
a feeling of distaste or dislike; to regard with distaste
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foreboding
C2+
/fɔrˈboʊdɪŋ/
a feeling that something bad is about to happen
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grame
C2+
/ɡreɪm/
anger, sorrow, or vexation (archaic)
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grudge
C2+
/ɡrʌdʒ/
a persistent feeling of resentment over a past wrong
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hopelessness
C2+
/ˈhoʊpləsnəs/
the feeling or state of having no hope; despair
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insecurity
C2+
/ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti/
a feeling of uncertainty or anxiety; lack of safety or stability
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abhorrence
C2+
/əbˈhɔrəns/
a feeling of strong repugnance or disgust
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atmospherics
C2+
/ˌætməsˈfɛrɪks/
electrical interference in radio, or the mood-setting features of a place
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Describing People(3)
Describing Qualities(3,135)
amen
C2+
/(ˌ)ɑːˈmɛn/
Certainly; verily.
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maid
C2+
/meɪd/
An adult or adolescent female servant or cleaner (short for maidservant). (In feudal times this could be anyone from a high-ranking assistant to a low-ranking cleaner.)
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laurel
C2+
/ˈlɔɹ.əl/
An evergreen shrub of species Laurus nobilis, having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils.
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bein
C2+
/biːn/
Wealthy; well-to-do.
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platinum
C2+
/ˈplæt.ɪn.əm/
Very expensive, or of very high quality
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cerebral
C2+
/səˈɹi.bɹəl/
involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct
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unseen
C2+
/ʌnˈsiːn/
Not seen or discovered; invisible.
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frantic
C2+
/ˈfɹæn.tɪk/
Insane, mentally unstable.
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unprofessional
C2+
/ˌənprəˈfɛʃənəl/
not characteristic of or befitting a profession or one engaged in a profession
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man-made
C2+
/ˈmænˌmeɪd/
not of natural origin
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middle-class
C2+
/ˈmɪdəlˈklæs/
belonging to the socioeconomic group between the working class and the upper class
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malignant
C2+
/məˈlɪɡnənt/
Harmful, malevolent, injurious.
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susceptible
C2+
/səˈseptɪbl̩/
(often followed by `of' or `to') yielding readily to or capable of
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unprepared
C2+
/ˌənpriːˈpɛrd/
Not prepared; caught by surprise.
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dun
C2+
/dʌn/
of a dull greyish brown to brownish grey color
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craven
C2+
/ˈkɹeɪ.vən/
Unwilling to fight; lacking even the rudiments of courage; extremely cowardly.
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first-rate
C2+
/ˌfɝːˈstreɪt/
quite well, healthy, or ready-to-go
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amiss
C2+
/əˈmɪs/
in an improper or mistaken or unfortunate manner
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pied
C2+
/paɪd/
Decorated or colored in blotches.
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devoid
C2+
/dɪˈvɔɪd/
Completely without; having none of.
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one-sided
C2+
/ˌwənˈsaɪdəd/
Partial or biased in favour of one faction or demographic group.
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unwelcome
C2+
/ənˈwɛlkəm/
not welcome
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idly
C2+
/ˈaɪd(ə)lɪ/
in an idle manner
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three-dimensional
C2+
/ˌθriːzdɪˈmɛnʃənəl/
Lifelike.
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Communication(129)
rebus
C2+
/ˈɹibəs/
An arrangement of pictures, symbols, or words representing phrases or words, especially as a word puzzle.
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coda
C2+
/ˈkoʊ.də/
The optional final sound of a syllable or word, occurring after its nucleus and usually composed of one or more consonants.
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quantifier
C2+
/ˈkwɑntɪˌfaɪɚ/
a word or symbol expressing quantity, such as 'all' or 'some'
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gist
C2+
/dʒɪst/
the central or essential meaning of a speech or text
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locution
C2+
/loʊˈkjuʃən/
a particular word, phrase, or style of expression
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monotone
C2+
/ˈmɑnəˌtoʊn/
a single unvaried tone or pitch in speech or sound
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attaintment
C2+
/əˈteɪntmənt/
archaic word for the act of attainting or staining with dishonour
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baba
C2+
/ˈbɑːbɑː/
a small rum-soaked sponge cake; also a term for father or old man
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bugger
C2+
/ˈbʌɡɚ/
British vulgar term for a person or thing; to spoil or tire out
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dayspring
C2+
/ˈdeɪˌsprɪŋ/
literary or archaic term for dawn or daybreak
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expletive
C2+
/ˈɛksplɪtɪv/
a profane or obscene exclamation; a meaningless filler word
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apothecary
C2+
/əˈpɑθəkɛri/
an archaic term for a pharmacist who prepared and sold medicines
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arse
C2+
/ɑrs/
vulgar British term for the buttocks or a foolish person
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baragouin
C2+
/ˌbærəˈɡwɪn/
unintelligible or jargon-like speech; gibberish
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lexicon
C2+
/ˈlɛksɪkɑn/
the vocabulary of a language, person, or field; a dictionary
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maxim
C2+
/ˈmæksɪm/
a short pithy statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct
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mime
C2+
/maɪm/
acting using gesture and movement without speech; to perform thus
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poser
C2+
/ˈpoʊzər/
a puzzling question or problem; one who poses or affects a persona
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rede
C2+
/rid/
counsel or advice; an archaic word for guidance or a plan
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rep
C2+
/rɛp/
an informal term for a representative, reputation, or a repetition
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richdom
C2+
/ˈrɪtʃdəm/
an archaic word for the state of being rich; wealth or richness
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sawbones
C2+
/ˈsɔboʊnz/
a slang term for a surgeon or doctor
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spook
C2+
/spuk/
a ghost; also a slang term for a spy, or to frighten
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tummy
C2+
/ˈtʌmi/
the stomach or belly, especially in informal or childish speech
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Language & Linguistics(8)
affix
C2+
/əˈfɪks/
to attach or fasten; a prefix or suffix added to a word
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ellipsis
C2+
/ɪˈlɪpsɪs/
the omission of words, or the mark (…) indicating such omission
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vernacular
C2+
/vɚˈnækjələr/
the everyday language of ordinary people in a region
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lemma
C2+
/ˈlɛmə/
a subsidiary proposition proved as a step toward a theorem; a headword
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argot
C2+
/ˈɑrɡoʊ/
the specialized slang or jargon of a particular group
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transcription
C2+
/trænˈskrɪpʃən/
a written or printed representation of something said or recorded
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conjugation
C2+
/ˌkɑndʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
the set of inflected forms of a verb, or the act of forming them
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syllabary
C2+
/ˈsɪləˌbɛri/
a set of written characters each representing a syllable
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Psychology & Behavior(8)
apathy
C2+
/ˈæpəθi/
lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
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empathy
C2+
/ˈɛmpəθi/
the ability to understand and share another's feelings
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cognition
C2+
/kɑɡˈnɪʃən/
the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding
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delusion
C2+
/dɪˈluʒən/
a false belief held despite evidence to the contrary
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arousal
C2+
/əˈraʊzəl/
the act of awakening or the state of being stirred to activity or excitement
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hallucination
C2+
/həˌluːsəˈneɪʃən/
a perception of something not actually present, often from illness or drugs
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pessimism
C2+
/ˈpɛsɪmɪzəm/
a tendency to expect the worst outcome
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lounge around
C2+
to spend time relaxing idly in a place
Phrasal verb
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Mind & Cognition(4)
discernment
C2+
/dɪˈsɚnmənt/
keen perception and good judgment
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keenness
C2+
/ˈkinnəs/
sharpness of mind, perception, or eagerness
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subconsciousness
C2+
/ˌsʌbˈkɑnʃəsnəs/
the part of the mind below conscious awareness
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glaze over
C2+
to become glassy and lose an alert or focused expression, especially of eyes
Phrasal verb
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Senses & Perception(9)
ken
C2+
/kɛn/
range of knowledge or sight; to know or perceive
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aroma
C2+
/əˈroʊmə/
a distinctive, usually pleasant smell
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din
C2+
/dɪn/
a loud, prolonged, confused noise
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uproar
C2+
/ˈʌprɔr/
a loud and impassioned noise or public outburst of protest
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sentience
C2+
/ˈsɛnʃəns/
the capacity to feel, perceive, or experience sensations
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stillness
C2+
/ˈstɪlnəs/
the absence of movement or sound; calm quiet
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acuity
C2+
/əˈkjuəti/
sharpness or keenness of thought, vision, or hearing
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clairvoyance
C2+
/klɛrˈvɔɪəns/
the supposed power to perceive things beyond normal sensory contact
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haze over
C2+
to cover something with a misty layer that makes it difficult to see clearly
Phrasal verb
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Education & Learning(26)
regimen
C2+
/ˈrɛdʒəmən/
a prescribed course of diet, exercise, or treatment
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tutelage
C2+
/ˈtuːtəlɪdʒ/
instruction or guardianship under a teacher or protector
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doctorate
C2+
/ˈdɑktərət/
the highest academic degree awarded by a university
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preceptor
C2+
/prɪˈsɛptər/
a teacher or instructor, especially a tutor or mentor
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prognosis
C2+
/prɑɡˈnoʊsɪs/
a forecast of the likely course of a disease or situation
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antiquary
C2+
/ˈæntəˌkwɛri/
a student or collector of antiquities
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bursary
C2+
/ˈbɝsəri/
a grant or scholarship awarded to a student; a treasury office
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casebook
C2+
/ˈkeɪsˌbʊk/
a book recording cases for study; serving as a textbook example
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dean
C2+
/din/
a senior official of a college, university, or cathedral
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erudition
C2+
/ˌɛrʊˈdɪʃən/
extensive knowledge acquired through study; learning
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frosh
C2+
/frɑʃ/
a first-year student at a college or high school; a freshman
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hilary
C2+
/ˈhɪləri/
the spring legal and university term in parts of the British Isles
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perversion
C2+
/pɚˈvɜrʒən/
a distortion or corruption of something from its proper course
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alumnus
C2+
/əˈlʌmnəs/
a male former student or graduate of a school or college
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gam
C2+
/ɡæm/
a social visit between whaling ships; a school of whales; a leg
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headmaster
C2+
/ˈhɛdˌmæstər/
the male head teacher in charge of a school
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lear
C2+
/lɪr/
learning or lore; (dialect) to teach or learn
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magister
C2+
/ˈmædʒɪstɚ/
a master or teacher, especially in a medieval or academic context
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rationale
C2+
/ˌræʃəˈnæl/
the set of reasons or logical basis underlying a course of action
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rhetorician
C2+
/ˌrɛtəˈrɪʃən/
an expert in or teacher of rhetoric; a skilled or showy speaker
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scholarism
C2+
/ˈskɑlɚˌɪzəm/
pedantic or doctrinaire scholarship; rigid academic learning
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stubbornness
C2+
/ˈstʌbɚnnəs/
dogged refusal to change one's mind or course
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syllabus
C2+
/ˈsɪləbəs/
an outline of the subjects and topics covered in a course of study
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trajectory
C2+
/trəˈdʒɛktəri/
the curved path of a moving object; a course of development
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Work & Careers(22)
undertaking
C2+
/ˌʌndɚˈteɪkɪŋ/
a task or project, especially a difficult one; a formal pledge
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avocation
C2+
/ˌævəˈkeɪʃən/
a hobby or minor occupation pursued alongside one's main vocation
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journeyman
C2+
/ˈdʒɜrnimən/
a trained worker qualified in a trade; a competent but unremarkable performer
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hobo
C2+
/ˈhoʊboʊ/
a migratory worker or homeless vagrant, especially one riding trains
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vocation
C2+
/voʊˈkeɪʃən/
a strong sense of suitability for a particular career or calling
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cabdriving
C2+
/ˈkæbˌdraɪvɪŋ/
the occupation of driving a taxicab
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calling
C2+
/ˈkɔlɪŋ/
a strong inner urge toward a vocation or profession
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chancellery
C2+
/ˈtʃænsələri/
the office, staff, or residence of a chancellor
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peon
C2+
/ˈpiɑn/
a low-ranking worker or laborer, often unskilled or menial
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secondment
C2+
/sɪˈkɑndmənt/
the temporary transfer of an employee to another post or organization
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temp
C2+
/tɛmp/
a temporary employee, especially in an office
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tenancy
C2+
/ˈtɛnənsi/
the possession or occupation of land or property by rental tenure
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workfellow
C2+
/ˈwɝk.fɛl.oʊ/
a fellow worker; a colleague
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coal-heaver
C2+
/ˈkoʊlˌhiːvɚ/
a worker who carries or unloads coal
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woodsawyer
C2+
/ˈwʊdˌsɔɪɚ/
a worker whose occupation is sawing wood or timber
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apir
C2+
/əˈpɪr/
historical, Chilean mining: a worker who carried broken ore from an underground mine to the surface in a leather pack on the back
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ice cutter
C2+
/ˈaɪsˌkʌtɚ/
historical: a worker who cuts and harvests blocks of natural ice from a frozen lake, pond, or river
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tirewoman
C2+
/ˈtaɪɚˌwʊmən/
archaic: a lady's maid who helps her employer dress and arrange her clothes or hair
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coal-whipper
C2+
/ˈkoʊlˌwɪpɚ/
historical: a dock worker who unloaded coal from a ship's hold using a rope-and-counterweight hoisting system
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manurance
C2+
/məˈnʊrəns/
the cultivation, occupation, or working of land; archaic
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floriculturist
C2+
/ˌflɔr.ɪˈkʌl.tʃɚ.ɪst/
a specialist who cultivates flowering and ornamental plants, especially as a profession
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gownsman
C2+
/ˈɡaʊnzmən/
a member of a profession traditionally marked by a gown, especially a cleric, lawyer, or university member
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Economics & Markets(2)
Business & Commerce(3)
logotype
C2+
/ˈlɔɡəˌtaɪp/
a distinctive symbol or design representing a company or brand
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racketeering
C2+
/ˌrækəˈtɪrɪŋ/
the running of an illegal business or fraudulent scheme for profit
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stockholder
C2+
/ˈstɑkˌhoʊldɚ/
an owner of shares in a company; a shareholder
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Personal Finance(2)
Money & Finance(33)
ransom
C2+
/ˈɹæn.səm/
Money paid for the freeing of a hostage.
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eightpence
C2+
/ˈeɪt.pəns/
the monetary sum of eight pence, especially in historical British currency
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spondulicks
C2+
/spɑːnˈduːlɪks/
dated slang: money or available funds
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lavish
C2+
/ˈlævɪʃ/
luxuriously abundant, or to give in great quantity
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remuneration
C2+
/rɪˌmjunəˈreɪʃən/
money paid for work or a service; payment
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ching
C2+
/tʃɪŋ/
an imitation of a ringing metallic sound; slang for money
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chit
C2+
/tʃɪt/
a short note or voucher recording a small debt or order
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kitty
C2+
/ˈkɪti/
a pool of money contributed by a group; informally, a kitten or cat
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pelf
C2+
/pɛlf/
money or wealth, especially when regarded as ill-gotten or contemptible
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outlay
C2+
/ˈaʊtˌleɪ/
an amount of money spent on something
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billfold
C2+
/ˈbɪlˌfoʊld/
a folding wallet for holding paper money
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disbursement
C2+
/dɪsˈbɝsmənt/
the payment or distribution of money from a fund
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outgo
C2+
/ˈaʊtˌɡoʊ/
money or resources spent; expenditure or outflow
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garnishment
C2+
/ˈɡɑrnɪʃmənt/
a legal order to withhold money, typically from wages, to pay a debt
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lolly
C2+
/ˈlɑli/
a piece of candy, especially on a stick; (British slang) money
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acquittance
C2+
/əˈkwɪtəns/
a written release confirming a debt or obligation has been discharged
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boodle
C2+
/ˈbudəl/
slang for money, especially counterfeit or bribe money; ill-gotten gains
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fleece
C2+
/flis/
a sheep's woolly coat; also to swindle of money
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impecuniousness
C2+
/ˌɪmpɪˈkjuniəsnəs/
the condition of being habitually short of money
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impost
C2+
/ˈɪmpoʊst/
a tax or duty, especially one levied on imported goods
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lickpenny
C2+
/ˈlɪkˌpɛni/
something that consumes money; a costly thing or place
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noncompensation
C2+
/ˌnɑnˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən/
failure or absence of compensation or payment
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parsimony
C2+
/ˈpɑrsəmoʊni/
extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources
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profligacy
C2+
/ˈprɑflɪɡəsi/
reckless extravagance or wastefulness, especially with money
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Shopping & Services(2)
House & Home(25)
vestibule
C2+
/ˈvɛ.stəˌbjul/
A small entrance hall, antechamber, passage, or room between the outer door and the main hall, lobby, or interior of a building.
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loghouse
C2+
/ˈlɔːɡˌhaʊs/
a house built from horizontally laid logs; a log cabin
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closet
C2+
/ˈklɑzət/
a small enclosed storage room; to shut away in private
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bakehouse
C2+
/ˈbeɪkˌhaʊs/
a building or room in which bread is baked; a bakery
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senate
C2+
/ˈsɛnət/
a legislative or governing assembly, especially an upper house
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bedchamber
C2+
/ˈbɛdˌtʃeɪmbɚ/
a private room used for sleeping; a bedroom
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bridewell
C2+
/ˈbraɪdwɛl/
(archaic) a prison or house of correction
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gymnasium
C2+
/dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/
a room or building equipped for physical exercise or sports
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lounge
C2+
/laʊndʒ/
a room for relaxing; to recline or loll idly
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anteroom
C2+
/ˈæntiˌrum/
a small room leading into a larger one; a waiting room
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ballroom
C2+
/ˈbɔlˌrum/
a large room used for formal dancing
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barroom
C2+
/ˈbɑrˌrum/
a room or establishment with a bar serving alcoholic drinks
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cabinetmaking
C2+
/ˈkæbɪnətˌmeɪkɪŋ/
the craft of making fine wooden furniture and cabinets
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cabinetworker
C2+
/ˈkæbɪnətˌwɜrkɚ/
a skilled craftsman who makes cabinets and fine furniture
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curtilage
C2+
/ˈkɜrtɪlɪdʒ/
the enclosed land immediately surrounding a house
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homelander
C2+
/ˈhoʊmˌlændər/
a native or inhabitant of one's home country
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hostelry
C2+
/ˈhɑstəlri/
an inn or public house providing lodging and food
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householdry
C2+
/ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldri/
household affairs or domestic management
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maisonette
C2+
/ˌmeɪzəˈnɛt/
a small house or a two-floor apartment with its own entrance
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manor
C2+
/ˈmænər/
a large country house with its surrounding estate and lands
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menage
C2+
/meɪˈnɑʒ/
a household or domestic establishment and its members
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patio
C2+
/ˈpætioʊ/
a paved outdoor area adjoining a house
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summertree
C2+
/ˈsʌmɚtri/
a main horizontal beam supporting the joists of a floor or roof
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electrolier
C2+
/əˌlɛk.trəˈlɪr/
historical: a decorative ceiling or wall fixture holding several electric lamps; an electric chandelier
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Cooking & Baking(8)
garnish
C2+
/ˈɡɑrnɪʃ/
to decorate food with a small embellishment; such a decoration
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baking
C2+
/ˈbeɪkɪŋ/
the act of cooking by dry oven heat; intensely hot
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baste
C2+
/beɪst/
to moisten roasting meat with fat or juices; also to tack with loose stitches
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blanch
C2+
/blæntʃ/
to turn pale, or to whiten food by briefly scalding it
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cuisine
C2+
/kwɪˈzin/
a style or manner of cooking, especially of a region
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glaze
C2+
/ˈɡleɪz/
to cover with a smooth shiny coating, or such a coating itself
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mince
C2+
/mɪns/
to cut into very small pieces; or to walk with affected daintiness
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sear
C2+
/sɪr/
to burn or scorch the surface with sudden intense heat
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Food & Drink(57)
mincemeat
C2+
/ˈmɪnˌsmiːt/
a spiced fruit mixture used especially in mince pies
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vol-au-vent
C2+
/ˌvɔː.loʊˈvɑ̃ː/
a light, hollow puff-pastry case filled with a savory mixture such as meat, fish, mushrooms, or vegetables in sauce
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chaud-froid
C2+
/ˌʃoʊˈfrwɑː/
a prepared dish of meat, poultry, game, or fish cooked hot, then served cold under a decorative jellied sauce
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thible
C2+
/ˈθaɪbəl/
Northern English and Scots: a stick used for stirring porridge or other food
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bait
C2+
/beɪt/
food or a lure used to entice prey; to torment or provoke
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bhang
C2+
/bæŋ/
a preparation of cannabis leaves used as a drink or smoked
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gridiron
C2+
/ˈɡrɪdˌaɪərn/
a framework of metal bars for grilling food, or an American football field
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liquor
C2+
/ˈlɪkər/
an alcoholic drink, especially a distilled spirit
Meaning
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luncheon
C2+
/ˈlʌntʃən/
a formal or ceremonious midday meal
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booze
C2+
/buz/
alcoholic drink; to drink alcohol heavily
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dripping
C2+
/ˈdrɪpɪŋ/
fat and juices exuded from roasting meat; falling in drops
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eggplant
C2+
/ˈɛɡplænt/
a purple-skinned fruit eaten as a vegetable; the aubergine
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sustenance
C2+
/ˈsʌstənəns/
food and drink regarded as necessary to sustain life
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admixture
C2+
/ædˈmɪkstʃɚ/
a mixture, or an additional ingredient mixed into something
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aliment
C2+
/ˈæləmənt/
food or nourishment; that which sustains
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ambrosia
C2+
/æmˈbroʊʒə/
the food of the gods in mythology; anything delicious or fragrant
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beverage
C2+
/ˈbɛvrɪdʒ/
a drink, especially one other than water
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brunch
C2+
/brʌntʃ/
a late-morning meal combining breakfast and lunch
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chow
C2+
/tʃaʊ/
food; a meal (informal)
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entree
C2+
/ˈɑntreɪ/
the main course of a meal, or the right of admission
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fizz
C2+
/fɪz/
a hissing or bubbling sound, or effervescence in a drink
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marmalade
C2+
/ˈmɑrməˌleɪd/
a preserve made from citrus fruit, especially oranges
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mouthful
C2+
/ˈmaʊθfʊl/
an amount of food or drink that fills the mouth; a long or hard-to-say word
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ort
C2+
/ɔrt/
a scrap or morsel of food left after a meal (archaic, usually plural)
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Clothing & Appearance(19)
belles-lettres
C2+
/ˌbɛlˈlɛtrə/
literature valued primarily for beauty, style, and imaginative expression rather than for practical information
Meaning
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watchguard
C2+
/ˈwɑtʃˌɡɑrd/
historical: a chain, cord, or ribbon securing a pocket watch to its wearer's clothing
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apparel
C2+
/əˈpærəl/
clothing or attire; to clothe or adorn
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pendant
C2+
/ˈpɛndənt/
a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck
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vest
C2+
/vɛst/
a sleeveless garment; to confer or become entitled to a right
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doublet
C2+
/ˈdʌblɪt/
a close-fitting jacket once worn by men, or one of a pair of like things
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naturism
C2+
/ˈneɪtʃərɪzəm/
the practice of going without clothes; nudism
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underclothing
C2+
/ˈʌndərˌkloʊðɪŋ/
clothing worn under outer garments; underwear
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garb
C2+
/ɡɑrb/
clothing or distinctive dress; to clothe
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gi
C2+
/ˈɡi/
a loose two-piece garment worn for judo, karate, or similar martial arts
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habiliment
C2+
/həˈbɪləmənt/
clothing, especially that suited to a particular role or occasion
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hem
C2+
/hɛm/
the bordered edge of a garment; to fold and sew such an edge
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jean
C2+
/dʒin/
a heavy twilled cotton cloth used for work clothes
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underclothes
C2+
/ˈʌndɚkloʊðz/
garments worn next to the skin under other clothing; underwear
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undergarment
C2+
/ˈʌndɚˌɡɑːrmənt/
an item of clothing worn beneath outer clothes
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death-sark
C2+
/ˈdɛθˌsɑːrk/
a shirt or garment put on a dead body for burial; a shroud
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chiripa
C2+
/ˌtʃɪr.əˈpɑː/
a rectangular woolen garment wrapped in various ways around the hips and thighs and tucked into a belt, formerly worn by gauchos and Indigenous men in southern South America
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smock frock
C2+
/ˈsmɑk ˌfrɑk/
historical: a long, loose outer garment worn especially by rural laborers and other workmen
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dustcoat
C2+
/ˈdʌstˌkoʊt/
a lightweight outer coat worn to protect clothing from dust, especially while traveling or working
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Travel(4)
errand
C2+
/ˈɛɹənd/
A journey undertaken to accomplish some task.
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terminus
C2+
/ˈtɝmənəs/
the end point of a route, line, or journey
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layover
C2+
/ˈleɪˌoʊvər/
a period of waiting between connecting legs of a journey
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posta
C2+
/ˈpoʊ.stə/
historical, in Spanish America: a staging post or outpost on a travel or communication route, with a relay of horses and often a small staff or guard
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Maritime & Sailing(7)
mast
C2+
/mæst/
The fruit of forest-trees (beech, oak, chestnut, pecan, etc.), especially if having fallen from the tree, used as fodder for pigs and other animals.
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compass
C2+
/ˈkʌmpəs/
an instrument showing direction; range or scope; (verb) to encompass or achieve
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berth
C2+
/bɜrθ/
a place for a ship to dock; a sleeping bunk on a ship or train
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heading
C2+
/ˈhɛdɪŋ/
a title or caption at the top of a section of text
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starboard
C2+
/ˈstɑrbɚd/
the right-hand side of a ship or aircraft when facing forward
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brig
C2+
/brɪɡ/
a two-masted square-rigged ship; a prison on a warship
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skipper
C2+
/ˈskɪpər/
the captain of a ship or sports team
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Aviation & Flight(7)
throttle
C2+
/ˈθrɑːtəl/
to choke or strangle; to control the flow of fuel or power
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thrust
C2+
/θrʌst/
to push suddenly and forcibly; a forceful shove or driving force
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velocity
C2+
/vəˈlɑsəti/
speed in a given direction; rapidity of motion
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ascent
C2+
/əˈsɛnt/
the act of rising or climbing upward
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gust
C2+
/ˈɡʌst/
a sudden strong rush of wind
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turbine
C2+
/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/
a rotary engine driven by a flow of water, steam, gas, or air
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visibility
C2+
/ˌvɪzɪˈbɪlɪti/
the state of being able to be seen; the distance one can see
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Transportation(37)
hulk
C2+
/hʊlk/
a large abandoned ship, wreck, or shell
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automobile
C2+
/ˈɔtəməˌbil/
a self-propelled passenger road vehicle; a car
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boatload
C2+
/ˈboʊtˌloʊd/
as much as a boat can carry; a large amount
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bogie
C2+
/ˈboʊɡi/
a swiveling wheeled undercarriage on a railway vehicle
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boxcar
C2+
/ˈbɑksˌkɑr/
an enclosed railroad freight car
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forestay
C2+
/ˈfɔrˌsteɪ/
a rope or stay supporting a ship's foremast from the bow
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poop
C2+
/pup/
excrement; or the raised deck at the stern of a ship
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taxicab
C2+
/ˈtæksiˌkæb/
a car licensed to carry passengers for a fare; a taxi
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honker
C2+
/ˈhɑŋkɚ/
something that honks, such as a goose or a car horn; informally, a large nose
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sleeper
C2+
/ˈslipɚ/
one who sleeps, a sleeping car, or an unexpected success
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aerobatics
C2+
/ˌɛrəˈbætɪks/
spectacular flying maneuvers performed by aircraft
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airship
C2+
/ˈɛrˌʃɪp/
a powered lighter-than-air aircraft; a dirigible
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autocamp
C2+
/ˈɔtoʊˌkæmp/
a roadside camp or site for motorists; to camp while traveling by car
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aviso
C2+
/əˈvaɪzoʊ/
a dispatch boat, or an official notice or advice
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beakhead
C2+
/ˈbikˌhɛd/
the projecting forward part of an old sailing ship's bow
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broadside
C2+
/ˈbrɔdsaɪd/
a simultaneous firing of all guns on one side of a ship; a strong verbal attack
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carriageway
C2+
/ˈkærɪdʒˌweɪ/
the part of a road used by vehicular traffic
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coachfellow
C2+
/ˈkoʊtʃˌfɛloʊ/
a horse harnessed alongside another to the same coach; a yokefellow
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crawler
C2+
/ˈkrɔlɚ/
something that crawls; a tracked vehicle or a web-indexing program
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crewman
C2+
/ˈkrumən/
a member of the crew of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle
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dirigible
C2+
/ˈdɪrɪdʒəbəl/
a steerable lighter-than-air aircraft; an airship
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flak
C2+
/flæk/
anti-aircraft fire, or strong criticism
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hotbox
C2+
/ˈhɑtˌbɑks/
an overheated axle bearing on a railway car; also an enclosed heated space
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motorcar
C2+
/ˈmoʊtərˌkɑr/
a road vehicle powered by an engine; an automobile
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Verbs of Movement(3)
vomitorium
C2+
/ˌvɑː.məˈtɔːr.i.əm/
architecture: a passage or entrance through or behind tiers of seats in a theater, amphitheater, or stadium, designed to let crowds enter or leave rapidly
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migrate
C2+
/ˈmaɪɡreɪt/
to move from one region or habitat to another, often seasonally
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hunch over
C2+
to bend forward with the back rounded and the shoulders drawn inward
Phrasal verb
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Sports & Fitness(22)
tic-tac-toe
C2+
/ˌtɪk.tækˈtoʊ/
a game in which two players alternately mark a three-by-three grid and try to complete a row of three matching symbols
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seven-up
C2+
/ˌsɛvənˈʌp/
a traditional American card game related to all fours in which seven points constitute a game
Meaning
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stiff-arm
C2+
/ˈstɪfˌɑrm/
a push made with a fully extended arm, especially to fend off an opponent in sport
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sleuth
C2+
/sluːθ/
a detective; to investigate or track down
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deuce
C2+
/dus/
a playing card or die showing two; (in tennis) a tied score
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goalie
C2+
/ˈɡoʊli/
a player who guards the goal in sports; a goalkeeper
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hurdle
C2+
/ˈhɝdəl/
a barrier to be jumped in a race, or an obstacle to be overcome
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jock
C2+
/ˈdʒɑk/
an enthusiastic athlete, especially a male one (informal)
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pageant
C2+
/ˈpædʒənt/
an elaborate public spectacle, procession, or competition
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rugger
C2+
/ˈrʌɡɚ/
an informal British term for the game of rugby
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solitaire
C2+
/ˈsɑləˌtɛr/
a single-player card game, or a single gem set alone
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tryout
C2+
/ˈtraɪˌaʊt/
a test of the suitability of a performer, athlete, or product
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bagatelle
C2+
/ˌbæɡəˈtɛl/
a trifle, or a short light piece of music or a tabletop ball game
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batsman
C2+
/ˈbætsmən/
a player who bats, especially in cricket
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checkmate
C2+
/ˈtʃɛkˌmeɪt/
a chess position in which the king is trapped and the game ends
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declarer
C2+
/dɪˈklɛrər/
one who declares; in bridge, the player who plays the contract
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humankind
C2+
/ˈhjumənˌkaɪnd/
human beings considered collectively; the human race
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racialism
C2+
/ˈreɪʃəˌlɪzəm/
belief in the superiority of one race; racial prejudice
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sneaker
C2+
/ˈsnikər/
a soft rubber-soled shoe for sport or casual wear
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stadion
C2+
/ˈsteɪdiən/
an ancient Greek unit of length, or a classical running track
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umpire
C2+
/ˈʌmpaɪɚ/
an official who enforces the rules and settles disputes in a game
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staghound
C2+
/ˈstæɡˌhaʊnd/
a large, powerful hound formerly bred and used to hunt stags and other large game
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Health & Medicine(29)
vinchuca
C2+
/vɪnˈtʃuːkə/
a blood-feeding South American triatomine bug, especially Triatoma infestans, that may transmit the parasite causing Chagas disease
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medic
C2+
/ˈmɛdɪk/
a person trained to give medical treatment, especially in the field
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atonement
C2+
/əˈtoʊnmənt/
reparation or amends made for a wrong or injury
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vector
C2+
/ˈvɛktər/
a quantity with magnitude and direction; a carrier of disease
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ailment
C2+
/ˈeɪlmənt/
a minor illness or bodily disorder
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convalescence
C2+
/ˌkɑnvəˈlɛsəns/
the gradual recovery of health after illness
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grippe
C2+
/ɡrɪp/
influenza; a feverish respiratory illness (dated)
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indisposition
C2+
/ˌɪndɪspəˈzɪʃən/
a slight illness; an unwillingness or aversion
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physic
C2+
/ˈfɪzɪk/
a medicine, especially a purgative; the art of healing (archaic)
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remission
C2+
/rɪˈmɪʃən/
a temporary lessening of disease or the cancellation of a debt
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restitution
C2+
/ˌrɛstɪˈtuʃən/
the restoration of something lost or the compensation for injury or loss
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aesthetician
C2+
/ˌɛsθəˈtɪʃən/
a specialist in beauty treatment, or a theorist of aesthetics
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amends
C2+
/əˈmɛndz/
reparation or compensation made for a wrong or injury
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cephalalgia
C2+
/ˌsɛfəˈlældʒiə/
headache, especially as a medical symptom
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contumely
C2+
/ˈkɑntəˌmili/
insolent or contemptuous treatment; humiliating rudeness
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dentistry
C2+
/ˈdɛntɪstri/
the branch of medicine concerned with the teeth and gums
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distemper
C2+
/dɪsˈtɛmpər/
a contagious viral disease of animals; also a water-based paint
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dosage
C2+
/ˈdoʊsɪdʒ/
the amount or regulated administration of a medicine
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fastigium
C2+
/fæˈstɪdʒiəm/
the highest point or apex, especially the peak of a fever or disease
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finishing
C2+
/ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ/
the final stage or surface treatment of a process
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immunity
C2+
/ɪˈmjunəti/
protection from disease, obligation, or legal liability
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inpatient
C2+
/ˈɪnˌpeɪʃənt/
a patient who stays in a hospital while receiving treatment
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murrain
C2+
/ˈmɜrɪn/
an infectious disease affecting cattle or other livestock
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obstetrics
C2+
/əbˈstɛtrɪks/
the branch of medicine concerned with childbirth and pregnancy care
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The Human Body(57)
scalp
C2+
/skælp/
the skin that covers the top of the head
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risorius
C2+
/ɹɪˈsɔɹ.i.əs/
A narrow band of facial muscle arising from the fascia over the masseter and inserting into the tissues at the corner of the mouth, which it draws laterally, as is used when smiling.
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cerement
C2+
/ˈsɪr.mənt/
a shroud or waxed cloth in which a dead body is wrapped for burial, often used in the plural
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eclipse
C2+
/ɪˈklɪps/
the obscuring of one celestial body by another; to outshine
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fracture
C2+
/ˈfræktʃɚ/
a break or crack, especially in bone or rock
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mortification
C2+
/ˌmɔrtəfɪˈkeɪʃən/
a feeling of deep humiliation; also the death of tissue
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sect
C2+
/sɛkt/
a group with distinct beliefs that has separated from a larger body
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stricture
C2+
/ˈstrɪktʃɚ/
a severe criticism, or an abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body
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abdomen
C2+
/ˈæbdəmən/
the part of the body containing the digestive organs; the belly
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carcass
C2+
/ˈkɑrkəs/
the dead body of an animal; a framework or ruined remains
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cleft
C2+
/klɛft/
a split, crack, or fissure, especially in rock or skin
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eyeball
C2+
/ˈaɪˌbɔl/
the spherical body of the eye; to look at or estimate roughly
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judiciary
C2+
/dʒuˈdɪʃiɛri/
the branch of government, or the body of judges, that administers justice
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orb
C2+
/ɔrb/
a spherical object or body, especially a celestial one
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rupture
C2+
/ˈrʌptʃər/
a break, burst, or breach, as of tissue, a pipe, or relations
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airway
C2+
/ˈɛrˌweɪ/
a passage for air, especially the breathing passages of the body
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appendage
C2+
/əˈpɛndɪdʒ/
a part attached or subordinate to a larger body
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bluebottle
C2+
/ˈbluˌbɑtəl/
a large buzzing fly with a metallic-blue body; (British slang) a policeman
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bod
C2+
/bɑd/
(informal) a person; the human body
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calculus
C2+
/ˈkælkjələs/
the mathematics of continuous change; a hard stone formed in the body
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effector
C2+
/ɪˈfɛktər/
an organ, cell, or molecule that produces a response to a stimulus
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marrow
C2+
/ˈmɛroʊ/
the soft tissue inside bones; the innermost or vital part
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outgrowth
C2+
/ˈaʊtɡroʊθ/
a natural development or result; something that grows out from a main body
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slough
C2+
/slaʊ/
a low area of wet, muddy ground
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Technology & Computing(5)
maze
C2+
/meɪz/
a network of confusing paths; to bewilder
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emulator
C2+
/ˈɛmjəˌleɪtər/
hardware or software that imitates another system, or one who emulates
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algorithm
C2+
/ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm/
a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or computation
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bot
C2+
/bɑt/
a software program that runs automated tasks; also a botfly larva
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meshwork
C2+
/ˈmɛʃˌwɝk/
a network of interlaced threads, fibers, or strands
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Literature & Storytelling(7)
dialogue
C2+
/ˈdaɪəˌlɔɡ/
A conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals.
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prologue
C2+
/ˈpɹoʊlɔɡ/
an opening speech or section that introduces a play, novel, or other work
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fable
C2+
/ˈfeɪbəl/
a short tale conveying a moral, often with animal characters
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narration
C2+
/næˈreɪʃən/
the act or process of telling a story or describing events
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preface
C2+
/ˈprɛfəs/
an introduction to a book; to introduce or precede with remarks
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satire
C2+
/ˈsætaɪɚ/
the use of irony or ridicule to expose folly or vice
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utopia
C2+
/juˈtoʊpiə/
an imagined place of ideal perfection in laws, government, and society
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Media & Publishing(1)
Photography & Images(4)
brightness
C2+
/ˈbraɪtnəs/
the quality or degree of being bright or luminous
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enlargement
C2+
/ɛnˈlɑrdʒmənt/
the act of making larger or the state of being enlarged
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foreground
C2+
/ˈfɔrɡraʊnd/
the part of a scene nearest the viewer; to make prominent
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sharpness
C2+
/ˈʃɑrpnəs/
the quality of having a keen edge, point, or acuteness
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Music Theory(8)
prelude
C2+
/ˈpɹeɪl(j)uːd/
An introductory or preliminary performance or event.
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accompaniment
C2+
/əˈkʌmpənimənt/
something that accompanies, especially music supporting a soloist
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overture
C2+
/ˈoʊvɚtʃɚ/
an orchestral introduction to a larger work, or an opening approach or proposal
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transpose
C2+
/trænsˈpoʊz/
to cause two or more things to change places; to put in a different key
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chorus
C2+
/ˈkɔrəs/
a group of singers, or a refrain repeated in a song
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counterpoint
C2+
/ˈkaʊntɚˌpɔɪnt/
a contrasting element set against another; combined melodic lines
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dissonance
C2+
/ˈdɪsənəns/
a harsh or inharmonious combination of sounds or ideas
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vibrato
C2+
/vɪˈbrɑtoʊ/
a slight, rapid wavering of pitch in singing or instrumental playing
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Art & Music(2)
Film & Television(3)
Theater & Performance(5)
acting
C2+
/ˈæktɪŋ/
the art of performing a role, or serving temporarily in a position
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burlesque
C2+
/bɚˈlɛsk/
a comic, exaggerated parody; to mock by such caricature
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ensemble
C2+
/ɑnˈsɑmbəl/
a group performing together, or a coordinated set of things
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proscenium
C2+
/proʊˈsiniəm/
the part of a theatre stage in front of the curtain, or its framing arch
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understudy
C2+
/ˈʌndɚˌstʌdi/
an actor who learns a role to substitute for the regular performer
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Entertainment & Leisure(2)
Astronomy & Space(6)
crescent
C2+
/ˈkrɛsənt/
a curved shape like the partly lit moon
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cosmos
C2+
/ˈkɑzmoʊs/
the universe regarded as an ordered, harmonious whole
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nadir
C2+
/ˈneɪdɚ/
the lowest or most unsuccessful point; the point opposite the zenith
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observatory
C2+
/əbˈzɝvətɔri/
a building equipped for observing astronomical or natural phenomena
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constellation
C2+
/ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃən/
a recognized pattern of stars, or any grouping of related things
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zenith
C2+
/ˈziː.nɪθ/
the highest point reached; the point in the sky directly overhead
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Chemistry(4)
corrosion
C2+
/kəˈɹoʊʒən/
The gradual destruction or undermining of something.
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precipitate
C2+
/prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/
to cause to happen suddenly; hasty; a solid separated from a solution
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precipitation
C2+
/prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/
rain, snow, or other water falling from the sky; hasty action
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alkali
C2+
/ˈælkəˌlaɪ/
a soluble base that neutralizes acids, turning litmus blue
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Physics(11)
amplitude
C2+
/ˈæmplɪtuːd/
the extent or magnitude of something; the range of a wave
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acceleration
C2+
/ækˌsɛləˈreɪʃən/
the rate of increase of speed or, more generally, the act of speeding up
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dispersion
C2+
/dɪˈspɜrʒən/
the act of scattering or the state of being spread over a wide area
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entropy
C2+
/ˈɛntrəpi/
a measure of disorder or of energy unavailable for work in a system
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conduction
C2+
/kənˈdʌkʃən/
the transmission of heat, electricity, or signals through a medium
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displacement
C2+
/dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/
the act of moving something from its place or the resulting shift
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fission
C2+
/ˈfɪʃən/
the splitting of an atomic nucleus or a cell into parts
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physicist
C2+
/ˈfɪzɪsɪst/
a scientist who specializes in the study of physics
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refraction
C2+
/rɪˈfrækʃən/
the bending of light or other waves as they pass between media
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resonance
C2+
/ˈrɛzənəns/
the quality of being deep, full, and reverberating; sympathetic vibration
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viscosity
C2+
/vɪˈskɑsɪti/
a fluid's resistance to flow; thickness or stickiness
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Biology & Genetics(7)
genus
C2+
/ˈdʒinəs/
a taxonomic rank grouping related species above the species level
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anatomy
C2+
/əˈnætəmi/
the bodily structure of an organism, or its study
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mutation
C2+
/mjuˈteɪʃən/
a change in form or structure, especially a heritable change in genetic material
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ovum
C2+
/ˈoʊvəm/
a mature female reproductive cell; an egg cell
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amphibian
C2+
/æmˈfɪbiən/
a cold-blooded vertebrate, like a frog, that lives both in water and on land
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physiology
C2+
/ˌfɪziˈɑlədʒi/
the branch of biology dealing with the functions of living organisms and their parts
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reptile
C2+
/ˈrɛptaɪl/
a cold-blooded scaly vertebrate such as a snake, lizard, or crocodile
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Science & Research(24)
mendelevium
C2+
/ˌmɛn.dəˈli.vi.əm/
a synthetic radioactive metallic chemical element with atomic number 101 and symbol Md
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rutherfordium
C2+
/ˌɹʌðəɹˈfɔːɹdiəm/
a synthetic radioactive chemical element with atomic number 104 and symbol Rf
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empiric
C2+
/ɪmˈpɪrɪk/
one who relies on observation or experiment; an unqualified practitioner
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mechanics
C2+
/məˈkænɪks/
the science of motion and forces; the practical workings of something
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photoperiod
C2+
/ˌfoʊtoʊˈpɪriəd/
the duration of daily light exposure affecting an organism
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soma
C2+
/ˈsoʊmə/
the body of an organism as distinct from its germ cells or psyche
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alchemy
C2+
/ˈælkəmi/
the medieval forerunner of chemistry seeking to transmute metals into gold
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axiomatization
C2+
/ˌæksiəmətəˈzeɪʃən/
the formulation of a theory as a set of axioms from which theorems derive
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behaviorism
C2+
/bɪˈheɪvjəˌrɪzəm/
the psychological theory that behavior can be explained by conditioning
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cartography
C2+
/kɑrˈtɑɡrəfi/
the science and art of making maps
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horticulture
C2+
/ˈhɔrtəˌkʌltʃɚ/
the art and science of cultivating gardens, fruits, vegetables, and flowers
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hygienics
C2+
/haɪˈdʒɛnɪks/
the science or principles of hygiene and the preservation of health
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mutualist
C2+
/ˈmjutʃuəlɪst/
an advocate of mutualism, or an organism in a mutual relationship
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poetics
C2+
/poʊˈɛtɪks/
the study or theory of the principles and forms of poetry and literature
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revisionist
C2+
/rɪˈvɪʒənɪst/
one who advocates revising an accepted theory, doctrine, or history
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sac
C2+
/sæk/
a pouch or bag-like cavity in an organism, often holding fluid
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toxin
C2+
/ˈtɑksɪn/
a poisonous substance produced by a living organism
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vibratiuncle
C2+
/vaɪˈbreɪʃiʌŋkəl/
a small or faint vibration, especially in obsolete nerve-theory psychology
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infusorium
C2+
/ˌɪnfjʊˈzɔɹiəm/
a microscopic aquatic organism, especially a protozoan or unicellular alga, formerly grouped with organisms found in infusions; historical biology
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monadism
C2+
/ˈmoʊ.nædˌɪz.əm/
the metaphysical doctrine that monads are the ultimate units of reality, especially the theory developed by Leibniz
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subetherics
C2+
/ˌsʌb.iˈθɛr.ɪks/
in science fiction, devices or systems that communicate through a subether medium, usually faster than light
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nullipore
C2+
/ˈnʌləˌpɔːr/
historical biology: a lime-secreting coralline alga, formerly classified among animals or treated as a distinct group of simple sea plants
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sporule
C2+
/ˈspɔɹjuːl/
rare or historical biology: a small spore, especially one produced by a cryptogam or microorganism
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copestone
C2+
/ˈkoʊpˌstoʊn/
the final or crowning element that completes something
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Mathematics & Measurement(6)
en
C2+
/ɛn/
a unit of measurement in typography equal to half an em
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variance
C2+
/ˈvɛriəns/
the fact of differing or disagreeing; a measure of spread in statistics
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bu
C2+
/bu/
a former Japanese unit of length or coinage
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mil
C2+
/mɪl/
a unit of length equal to one thousandth of an inch
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modulus
C2+
/ˈmɑdʒələs/
a numerical measure of a physical property, or the remainder in arithmetic
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scalenum
C2+
/skəˈliːnəm/
a scalene triangle, having three sides of unequal length
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Nature & Landscape(28)
meadow
C2+
/ˈmɛd.oʊ̯/
A field or pasture; a piece of land either intentionally cultivated with grass or (especially) naturally covered with grass, especially one that is intended to be mown for hay or to be grazed.
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sandhopper
C2+
/ˈsændˌhɑːpɚ/
a small beach-dwelling amphipod crustacean, especially a talitrid, that moves by hopping
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seabeach
C2+
/ˈsiːˌbiːtʃ/
A beach lying along the sea.
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crest
C2+
/krɛst/
the top of a hill or wave; a heraldic emblem; to reach the top
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vale
C2+
/veɪl/
a valley, especially in literary or poetic usage
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brow
C2+
/braʊ/
the forehead, or the edge of a hill or cliff
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dale
C2+
/deɪl/
a broad open valley, especially in northern England
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lethe
C2+
/ˈliθi/
forgetfulness or oblivion, after the mythical river of the dead
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surfboard
C2+
/ˈsɜrfbɔrd/
a long narrow board used for riding ocean waves
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timberland
C2+
/ˈtɪmbɚlænd/
land covered with forest suitable for producing timber
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ait
C2+
/eɪt/
a small island, especially one in a river
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atoll
C2+
/ˈæˌtɔl/
a ring-shaped coral reef or island enclosing a lagoon
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ben
C2+
/bɛn/
a high mountain or peak, especially in Scotland
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billabong
C2+
/ˈbɪləˌbɔŋ/
an Australian backwater or stagnant pool left by a river
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bushland
C2+
/ˈbʊʃlænd/
uncultivated land covered with natural scrub or bush, especially in Australia
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canyon
C2+
/ˈkænjən/
a deep gorge with steep sides, often cut by a river
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clearing
C2+
/ˈklɪrɪŋ/
an open space in a forest; the settling of accounts between banks
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dell
C2+
/dɛl/
a small, secluded, wooded valley
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holm
C2+
/hoʊm/
a small island in a river or lake, or low flat ground beside a river
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hurst
C2+
/hɜrst/
a wooded hill or a small grove of trees
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insularity
C2+
/ˌɪnsəˈlærəti/
narrow-mindedness resulting from isolation or being like an island
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islet
C2+
/ˈaɪlət/
a very small island
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mont
C2+
/mɑnt/
a mountain or hill, chiefly in place names
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oasis
C2+
/oʊˈeɪsɪs/
a fertile spot in a desert; a place of refuge or calm
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Animals(120)
buffalo
C2+
/ˈbʌf.ə.loʊ/
any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo
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jackal
C2+
/ˈd͡ʒækəl/
an Old World nocturnal canine mammal closely related to the dog
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walrus
C2+
/ˈwɑl.ɹəs/
A large Arctic marine mammal related to seals and having long tusks, tough, wrinkled skin, and four flippers, Odobenus rosmarus.
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man-eater
C2+
/ˈmænˌiːtɚ/
an animal that has killed and eaten humans, especially a tiger, lion, crocodile, or shark
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devilfish
C2+
/ˈdɛvəlˌfɪʃ/
any of several large or striking marine animals, especially an octopus or manta ray
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madrina
C2+
/mɑːˈdriːnə/
in South American pack travel, a steady mare or other animal wearing a bell and leading a troop of mules
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toxodon
C2+
/ˈtɑksəˌdɑn/
a large extinct herbivorous South American mammal of the genus Toxodon, a member of the hoofed-mammal order Notoungulata
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declivity
C2+
/dɪˈklɪvɪti/
An inward curve of the exoskeleton of an insect, such as between body segments; a segment of an insect's body where the exoskeleton curves inward.
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babirusa
C2+
/ˌbɑːbiˈruːsə/
a wild pig of the Indonesian genus Babyrousa, whose adult males have long upper canine teeth that curve upward through the snout
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arachnologist
C2+
/əˌrækˈnɑːlədʒɪst/
a scientist who specializes in the study of spiders and other arachnids
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posthouse
C2+
/ˈpoʊsthaʊs/
historical: an inn or relay station where post horses were exchanged and riders or travelers could lodge
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hindfoot
C2+
/ˈhaɪndˌfʊt/
a rear foot of a four-legged animal, especially when contrasted with a forefoot
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fang
C2+
/fæŋ/
a long sharp tooth, as of a snake or dog
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bitch
C2+
/bɪtʃ/
a female dog; (vulgar) a spiteful person or to complain
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carrion
C2+
/ˈkæriən/
the decaying flesh of dead animals
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chum
C2+
/tʃʌm/
a close friend; (verb) to bait water with fish remains to attract fish
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doghouse
C2+
/ˈdɔɡˌhaʊs/
a small shelter for a dog; figuratively, a state of disfavor
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badger
C2+
/ˈbædʒɚ/
a burrowing nocturnal mammal; to pester or harass persistently
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hog
C2+
/hɑɡ/
a domesticated pig; also, to take or use selfishly
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hound
C2+
/haʊnd/
a hunting dog; also, to pursue or harass relentlessly
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pest
C2+
/pɛst/
a destructive insect or animal, or an annoying person
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sire
C2+
/ˈsaɪɚ/
a male parent of an animal, or a respectful address to a king
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snare
C2+
/snɛr/
a trap for catching animals, or anything that entangles
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bayard
C2+
/ˈbeɪərd/
a bay horse; also a heedless, self-confident person
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Gardening & Horticulture(8)
creeper
C2+
/ˈkripɚ/
a plant that grows along the ground or up surfaces by clinging
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germinate
C2+
/ˈdʒɜrmɪneɪt/
to begin to grow or sprout, as a seed; to develop
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rake
C2+
/reɪk/
a toothed tool for gathering leaves or smoothing soil
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germination
C2+
/ˌdʒɚmɪˈneɪʃən/
the process by which a seed begins to grow and develop
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insecticide
C2+
/ɪnˈsɛktəˌsaɪd/
a substance used to kill insects
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prune
C2+
/prun/
to trim a plant by cutting branches, or a dried plum
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slug
C2+
/slʌɡ/
a slimy shell-less mollusk; also a hard blow or a bullet
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lop off
C2+
to remove a branch or other part by cutting it away
Phrasal verb
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Plants & Agriculture(48)
ombu
C2+
/ɑːmˈbuː/
a massive, fast-growing South American plant, Phytolacca dioica, with a broad trunk of soft water-rich tissue and a wide evergreen crown
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alerce
C2+
/əˈlɝːsə/
a very large, long-lived evergreen tree of southern Chile and Argentina, Fitzroya cupressoides, valued for its durable reddish wood
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ergotism
C2+
/ˈɜrɡəˌtɪzəm/
poisoning caused by eating fungus-infected grain, causing convulsions or gangrene
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cannabis
C2+
/ˈkænəbɪs/
a plant whose dried parts are used as a drug and for fiber
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bloomer
C2+
/ˈblumər/
a stupid mistake; also a plant that flowers
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buttercup
C2+
/ˈbʌtərˌkʌp/
a yellow-flowered wild plant of the genus Ranunculus
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soy
C2+
/sɔɪ/
the soybean plant or products made from it
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ananas
C2+
/əˈnænəs/
a pineapple, or the plant bearing it
Meaning
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barleycorn
C2+
/ˈbɑrliˌkɔrn/
a grain of barley; an old unit of length equal to one third of an inch
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chaff
C2+
/tʃæf/
the husks of grain separated from the seed; worthless matter; to tease
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gruel
C2+
/ˈɡruəl/
a thin porridge of oatmeal or other grain boiled in water
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lattermath
C2+
/ˈlætɚˌmæθ/
a second crop of grass cut after the first mowing; an aftermath
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pith
C2+
/pɪθ/
the essential or central part of something; spongy plant tissue
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pod
C2+
/pɑd/
a seed case of certain plants, or a small detachable compartment
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pollard
C2+
/ˈpɑlɚd/
a tree cut back to the trunk to promote dense growth, or to prune thus
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sapling
C2+
/ˈsæplɪŋ/
a young, slender tree
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shaw
C2+
/ʃɔ/
a small wood or thicket; the leafy tops of root vegetables
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aftergrass
C2+
/ˈæftərˌɡræs/
grass that grows after the first crop of hay is cut
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arrowhead
C2+
/ˈæroʊˌhɛd/
the pointed striking head of an arrow, or a marsh plant with arrow-shaped leaves
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baconweed
C2+
/ˈbeɪkənˌwid/
a common name for goosefoot, a weedy edible plant
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basswood
C2+
/ˈbæsˌwʊd/
the American linden tree or its soft, pale timber
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bindweed
C2+
/ˈbaɪndwid/
a twining climbing plant with trumpet-shaped flowers, often a pernicious weed
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bitesheep
C2+
/ˈbaɪtʃip/
dialectal name for a plant or condition causing sheep to bite or fret, or a rough pasture
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boulevard
C2+
/ˈbʊləvɑrd/
a broad, often tree-lined city avenue
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Weather & Climate(5)
rime
C2+
/ɹaɪm/
a white frost of ice crystals on a cold surface
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blizzard
C2+
/ˈblɪzɚd/
a severe snowstorm with high winds and reduced visibility
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humidity
C2+
/hjuˈmɪdəti/
the amount of water vapor present in the air
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lu
C2+
/lu/
a hot, dry summer wind of northern India and Pakistan
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thunderbolt
C2+
/ˈθʌndɚˌboʊlt/
a flash of lightning with a simultaneous crash of thunder
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Environment & Ecology(1)
Places & Geography(79)
whereabouts
C2+
/ˌ(h)wɛəɹəˈbaʊts/
the general location where something is
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chapel
C2+
/ˈt͡ʃɛp.əl/
a service conducted in a place of worship that has its own altar
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pilgrimage
C2+
/ˈpɪlɡɹɪmɪd͡ʒ/
A journey made to a sacred place, or a religious journey.
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vista
C2+
/ˈvɪstə/
the visual representation of a region
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self-government
C2+
/ˈsɛlfˈgʌvɝnmənt/
The governance of a region by its own populace; autonomy.
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doghole
C2+
/ˈdɔɡˌhoʊl/
derogatory: a mean, cramped, or squalid dwelling or place considered fit only for dogs
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bolthead
C2+
/ˈboʊltˌhɛd/
the enlarged head of a bolt, shaped to be turned or to hold the bolt in place
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denizen
C2+
/ˈdɛnɪzən/
an inhabitant or occupant of a particular place
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bog
C2+
/bɑɡ/
an area of soft, waterlogged, spongy ground; to become stuck
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expanse
C2+
/ɪkˈspæns/
a wide, open, continuous area of something
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expatriate
C2+
/ɛksˈpeɪtriɪt/
a person living outside their native country
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abode
C2+
/əˈboʊd/
a place of residence; a dwelling
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ambience
C2+
/ˈæmbiəns/
the character or atmosphere of a place
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environs
C2+
/ɪnˈvaɪrənz/
the surrounding area or district of a place
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fatherland
C2+
/ˈfɑðɚˌlænd/
one's native country, especially regarded with patriotic emotion
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flora
C2+
/ˈflɔrə/
the plants of a particular region, period, or environment
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juncture
C2+
/ˈdʒʌŋktʃər/
a particular point in events or time; a place where things join
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locus
C2+
/ˈloʊkəs/
a particular position or place; the set of points satisfying a condition
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residency
C2+
/ˈrɛzɪdənsi/
the fact of living in a place, or a period of specialized training
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sanctuary
C2+
/ˈsæŋktʃuɛri/
a place of refuge, safety, or worship
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streetcar
C2+
/ˈstritˌkɑr/
a passenger vehicle running on rails along city streets; a tram
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battleground
C2+
/ˈbætəlˌɡraʊnd/
a place where a battle is or was fought; an arena of conflict
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bookmarker
C2+
/ˈbʊkˌmɑrkɚ/
a strip or object placed in a book to mark one's place
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borderland
C2+
/ˈbɔrdɚˌlænd/
land near a border between two countries or regions; an intermediate area
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Law & Government(18)
edict
C2+
/ˈidɪkt/
an official order or proclamation issued by an authority
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decree
C2+
/dɪˈkri/
an official order having the force of law
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malfeasance
C2+
/mælˈfizəns/
wrongdoing, especially misconduct by a public official
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bailiff
C2+
/ˈbeɪlɪf/
an official who maintains order in a court or executes legal writs
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cabal
C2+
/kəˈbæl/
a secret group plotting against a government or authority
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congress
C2+
/ˈkɑŋɡrəs/
a formal assembly of representatives, or a coming together
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directive
C2+
/dɪˈrɛktɪv/
an official instruction or order issued by an authority
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enfranchisement
C2+
/ɛnˈfræntʃɪzmənt/
the granting of the right to vote or of civil liberties
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impeachment
C2+
/ɪmˈpitʃmənt/
the formal charging of a public official with misconduct
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infraction
C2+
/ɪnˈfrækʃən/
a breach or violation of a law, rule, or agreement
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junket
C2+
/ˈdʒʌŋkɪt/
a trip taken by an official at public expense, often as a perk
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proclamation
C2+
/ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən/
an official public announcement
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bylaw
C2+
/ˈbaɪlɔ/
a rule made by an organization or local authority to regulate its affairs
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chancery
C2+
/ˈtʃænsəri/
a court of equity or the public records office of a court
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constitutionist
C2+
/ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənɪst/
a supporter or adherent of a particular constitution or constitutional government
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ordinance
C2+
/ˈɔrdɪnəns/
an authoritative rule or law, especially one made by a municipality
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summons
C2+
/ˈsʌmənz/
an order to appear before a court or authority
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dicast
C2+
/ˈdaɪˌkæst/
a citizen of ancient Athens chosen to serve as both judge and juror in a popular court
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Politics & International Affairs(4)
signatory
C2+
/ˈsɪɡnəˌtɔri/
a party who has signed an agreement or treaty
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colonialism
C2+
/kəˈloʊniəˌlɪzəm/
the policy of one nation controlling and exploiting another territory
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expansionism
C2+
/ɪkˈspænʃəˌnɪzəm/
a policy of extending a nation's territory or economic influence
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theatrocracy
C2+
/ˌθiːəˈtrɑːkrəsi/
government by citizens assembled in a theater, especially as a description of ancient Athenian democracy
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Crime & Justice(1)
War & Conflict(15)
colonel
C2+
/ˈkɝ.nl̩/
A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines).
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aide-de-camp
C2+
/ˌeɪd.dəˈkæmp/
a military officer serving as a confidential assistant to a senior officer or head of state
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firing
C2+
/ˈfaɪərɪŋ/
the act of discharging a weapon, dismissing staff, or baking pottery
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affray
C2+
/əˈfreɪ/
a noisy public fight or brawl disturbing the peace
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arsenal
C2+
/ˈɑrsənəl/
a store or collection of weapons and military equipment
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lieutenant
C2+
/luˈtɛnənt/
a deputy or a junior commissioned military or police officer
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projectile
C2+
/prəˈdʒɛktl/
an object propelled through the air, especially as a weapon
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armament
C2+
/ˈɑrməmənt/
military weapons and equipment, or the process of arming for war
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cudgel
C2+
/ˈkʌdʒəl/
a short thick stick used as a weapon
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foeman
C2+
/ˈfoʊmən/
an enemy in war; an opponent in combat
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pacifism
C2+
/ˈpæsɪfɪzəm/
the belief that disputes should be settled without violence or war
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shiv
C2+
/ʃɪv/
a homemade or improvised knife, especially one used as a weapon
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torpedo
C2+
/tɔrˈpiːdoʊ/
a self-propelled underwater missile; to attack or wreck something
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trooper
C2+
/ˈtruːpɚ/
a soldier in a cavalry or armored unit, or a state police officer
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war whoop
C2+
/ˈwɔrˌwuːp/
historical: a loud cry used as a signal or expression of aggression when entering battle
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Religion & Belief(5)
creationism
C2+
/kriˈeɪʃəˌnɪzəm/
the belief that the universe and life originated from divine acts of creation
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clergyman
C2+
/ˈklɝdʒimən/
an ordained male minister of a Christian church
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deity
C2+
/ˈdiɪti/
a god or goddess; divine nature
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monotheism
C2+
/ˈmɑnoʊˌθiɪzəm/
the belief in the existence of only one god
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sabbath
C2+
/ˈsæbəθ/
a day of religious rest and worship, especially the seventh day
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Culture & History(4)
classicism
C2+
/ˈklæsəˌsɪzəm/
adherence to the principles of ancient Greek and Roman art and culture
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syssitia
C2+
/sɪˈsɪt.i.ə/
historical communal meals or dining groups for male citizens and youths in ancient Greece, especially in Sparta and Crete
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quick-firer
C2+
/ˈkwɪkˌfaɪr.ɚ/
historical: a gun designed to fire rounds in rapid succession, especially a late-nineteenth- or early-twentieth-century naval or field gun
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undergirder
C2+
/ˌʌn.dɚˈɡɝː.dɚ/
historical nautical: a heavy rope or cable used to brace and hold together the hull of an ancient ship, especially a trireme
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Materials & Substances(81)
cannon
C2+
/ˈkæn.ən/
a large heavy gun for firing metal balls or shells
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lantern
C2+
/ˈlæ̝ntɚn/
An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior.
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flannel
C2+
/ˈflænəl/
A soft cloth material originally woven from wool, today often combined with cotton or synthetic fibers.
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rivet
C2+
/ˈɹɪvət/
a metal pin fastened by hammering one end flat
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solder
C2+
/ˈsɑd.ɚ/
an alloy, usually of lead and tin, used when melted to join two metal surfaces
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lambswool
C2+
/ˈlæmz.wʊl/
soft wool or woolen fabric from the first shearing of young sheep
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trousering
C2+
/ˈtraʊ.zɚ.ɪŋ/
cloth suitable for making trousers, especially material sold or discussed for that purpose
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linsey-woolsey
C2+
/ˌlɪnziˈwʊlzi/
a coarse, sturdy fabric woven with a linen or cotton warp and a woolen weft
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germplasm
C2+
/ˈdʒɝːmˌplæzəm/
the hereditary material of a species or breeding line, especially as transmitted through reproductive cells
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spilth
C2+
/spɪlθ/
Spillage; spilled material
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alloy
C2+
/ˈælɔɪ/
a metal made by combining two or more elements
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impurity
C2+
/ɪmˈpjʊrəti/
a contaminating substance, or the state of being impure
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billy
C2+
/ˈbɪli/
a metal cooking pot or pail used over a campfire; also a short club
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consistence
C2+
/kənˈsɪstəns/
the degree of firmness or density of a substance; consistency
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foodstuff
C2+
/ˈfudˌstʌf/
any substance used or suitable as food
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mat
C2+
/mæt/
a piece of coarse fabric for the floor; also to become tangled
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textile
C2+
/ˈtɛkstaɪl/
a type of cloth or woven fabric
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adhesive
C2+
/ədˈhiːsɪv/
a substance used to stick objects together; sticky
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affluence
C2+
/ˈæfluəns/
an abundance of wealth or material possessions
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precipitant
C2+
/prɪˈsɪpɪtənt/
a substance causing a precipitate; acting with sudden haste
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scoop
C2+
/skup/
a utensil for lifting loose material, or an exclusive news story
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tierce
C2+
/tɪrs/
a third in fencing, music, or cards; an old liquid measure of a cask
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adulterant
C2+
/əˈdʌltərənt/
a substance added to dilute or debase something, especially a foodstuff
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agonist
C2+
/ˈæɡənɪst/
a contender or protagonist; (pharmacology) a substance that triggers a response
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Architecture & Buildings(10)
staircase
C2+
/ˈstɛɹˌkeɪs/
a way of access, upward and downward, consisting of a set of steps
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blueprint
C2+
/ˈbluˌprɪnt/
a detailed plan or technical drawing serving as a model
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renovate
C2+
/ˈrɛnəveɪt/
to restore to good condition; refurbish
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steeple
C2+
/ˈstipəl/
a tall tower with a spire on top of a church
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buttress
C2+
/ˈbʌtrəs/
a support projecting from a wall; to reinforce or strengthen
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dome
C2+
/doʊm/
a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure
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facade
C2+
/fəˈsɑd/
the front exterior of a building, or a deceptive outward appearance
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masonry
C2+
/ˈmeɪsənri/
stonework or brickwork; the craft of building with such materials
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portico
C2+
/ˈpɔrtɪˌkoʊ/
a roofed structure supported by columns at the entrance of a building
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symmetry
C2+
/ˈsɪmətri/
balanced and proportionate similarity between the parts of something
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Tools, Machines & Construction(47)
clockwork
C2+
/ˈklɑkwɝk/
A mechanism powered by a coiled spring and regulated by some form of escapement; the power is transmitted through toothed gearwheels and used to drive a mechanical clock, toy, or other device.
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labyrinth
C2+
/ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/
A maze-like structure built by Daedalus in Knossos, containing the Minotaur.
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muller
C2+
/ˈmʌləɹ/
A machine that mixes clay and sand under a roller for use in preparing a mould for metal casting.
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cave-in
C2+
/ˈkeɪvˌɪn/
the sudden collapse of earth, rock, a roof, or another enclosing structure
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turnscrew
C2+
/ˈtɝnˌskru/
a screwdriver or similar device for turning screws; now chiefly dated
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sawblade
C2+
/ˈsɔːˌbleɪd/
the toothed cutting blade of a hand saw or powered sawing machine
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contrivance
C2+
/kənˈtraɪvəns/
a cleverly made device or scheme; an artificial or strained arrangement
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chopper
C2+
/ˈtʃɑpɚ/
a helicopter, or a tool for chopping
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jack
C2+
/dʒæk/
a device for raising heavy objects; also, to raise or boost
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chiller
C2+
/ˈtʃɪlɚ/
a machine for cooling, or a frightening story or film
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automaton
C2+
/ɔˈtɑmətən/
a self-operating machine, or a person acting mechanically without thought
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blower
C2+
/ˈbloʊɚ/
a device that produces a current of air; (British slang) a telephone
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fob
C2+
/fɑb/
a small ornament or device attached to a key ring or watch chain
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knapsack
C2+
/ˈnæpˌsæk/
a bag carried on the back for provisions or equipment
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mixer
C2+
/ˈmɪksɚ/
a device or person that mixes; a social gathering for meeting people
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noodle
C2+
/ˈnudəl/
a strip or string of pasta; to improvise idly, especially on an instrument
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vibrator
C2+
/ˈvaɪbreɪtɚ/
a device that produces a vibrating motion
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violoncello
C2+
/ˌviːələnˈtʃɛloʊ/
the full formal name for the cello, a bowed string instrument
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accelerator
C2+
/əkˈsɛləreɪtɚ/
a device or thing that increases speed, especially a car's gas pedal
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adapter
C2+
/əˈdæptər/
a device or person that adapts one thing to fit another
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chronograph
C2+
/ˈkrɑnəˌɡræf/
an instrument or watch for recording precise intervals of time
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compiler
C2+
/kəmˈpaɪlɚ/
one who compiles; a program that translates source code into machine code
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economizer
C2+
/ɪˈkɑnəˌmaɪzɚ/
a device that saves energy or fuel, especially in a boiler
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fastener
C2+
/ˈfæsənɚ/
a device that holds or joins things together
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Safety & Risk(2)
Social Issues & Human Rights(1)
Ethics & Social Judgment(4)
propriety
C2+
/prəˈpraɪɪti/
conformity to accepted standards of behaviour or morals
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misuse
C2+
/mɪsˈjus/
the wrong or improper use of something
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dishonor
C2+
/dɪsˈɑnər/
loss of honor or reputation; to bring shame upon
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disesteem
C2+
/ˌdɪsɪˈstim/
lack of esteem or respect; to regard with disfavor
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Cause, Change & Process(7)
decrement
C2+
/ˈdɛkrəmənt/
a reduction or decrease in amount; to reduce by steps
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potency
C2+
/ˈpoʊtənsi/
the power or strength of something to produce an effect
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efficacity
C2+
/ˌɛfɪˈkæsəti/
the power or capacity to produce a desired effect; efficacy
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accretion
C2+
/əˈkriʃən/
gradual growth or increase by the addition of layers or parts
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causality
C2+
/kɔˈzæləti/
the relationship between cause and effect
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transitionist
C2+
/trænˈzɪʃənɪst/
one who advocates or studies processes of transition or change
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inosculation
C2+
/ɪˌnɒskjʊˈleɪʃən/
a natural or surgical joining of parts or branches of tubular structures so as to make or become continuous
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Philosophy & Reasoning(4)
metaphysics
C2+
/ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks/
the branch of philosophy studying being and reality
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contemplation
C2+
/ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/
deep, reflective thought or meditation
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idealism
C2+
/aɪˈdiːəˌlɪzəm/
the pursuit of high ideals; a philosophy stressing mind or ideas
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determinism
C2+
/dɪˈtɝmɪˌnɪzəm/
the doctrine that all events are determined by prior causes
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Abstract Ideas(1,024)
renaissance
C2+
/ˈɹɛnəˌsɑns/
Any similar artistic or intellectual revival.
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frenzy
C2+
/ˈfɹɛnzi/
A state of wild activity or panic.
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serenity
C2+
/səˈɹɛnɪti/
The state of being serene; calmness; peacefulness.
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space-time
C2+
/ˈspeɪˌstaɪm/
the four-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located
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wreath
C2+
/ɹiθ/
Something twisted, intertwined, or curled.
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self-control
C2+
/ˌsɛlf kənˈtɹoʊl/
The ability to control one's desires and impulses.
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litigation
C2+
/ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/
The conduct of a lawsuit.
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temperance
C2+
/ˈtɛmpəɹəns/
Habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence.
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self-preservation
C2+
/ˌsɛlfˌpɹɛzɜˈɹ.veɪ.ʃən/
The instinctive behaviour that protects oneself from harm.
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digit
C2+
/ˈdɪd͡ʒɪt/
one of the elements that collectively form a system of numeration
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dissolution
C2+
/ˌdɪsəˈluʃən/
Disintegration, or decomposition into fragments.
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banality
C2+
/bəˈnælɪti/
The quality of being banal.
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proclivity
C2+
/pɹoʊˈklɪvɪti/
a natural inclination
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self-consciousness
C2+
/ˌsɛlfˈkɑnʃəsnəs/
The awareness of the self as an entity.
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profundity
C2+
/pɹəˈfʌndɪti/
the quality of being physically deep
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disproportion
C2+
/dɪspɹəˈpɔːʃən/
The state of being out of proportion; an abnormal or improper ratio; an imbalance.
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comity
C2+
/ˈkɒmɪti/
Courtesy and considerate behaviour towards others; social harmony.
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ramification
C2+
/ˌɹæməfəˈkeɪʃən/
a development that complicates a situation
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one-billionth
C2+
/ˌwʌn ˈbɪl.jənθ/
one of a billion equal parts; the quantity 0.000000001 or 10 to the power of negative nine
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cowpath
C2+
/ˈkaʊˌpæθ/
a path made or regularly used by cows, especially between pasture and barnyard
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peroration
C2+
/pɛɹəˈɹeɪʃən/
the concluding section of an oration
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juvenescence
C2+
the state of being a youth
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matter-of-factness
C2+
/ˌmæt.ɚ.əvˈfækt.nəs/
The state or quality of being matter-of-fact
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fantods
C2+
/ˈfæntɒdz/
informal, usually in the fantods: a state of nervous agitation, uneasiness, irritability, or fidgeting
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Actions & Processes(1,686)
spit
C2+
/ˈspɪt/
expel saliva, phlegm, or sputum from the mouth
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ahem
C2+
/əˈhɛm/
To cough or clear one's throat so as to draw attention.
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pierce
C2+
/pɪɹs/
make a hole into
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gin
C2+
/d͡ʒɪn/
trap with a snare
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shovel
C2+
/ˈʃʊv.əl/
dig with or as if with a shovel
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spear
C2+
/spɪɹ/
pierce with a spear
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slate
C2+
/slet/
designate or schedule
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arc
C2+
/ɑɹk/
to an arch or curve
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revolt
C2+
/ɹɪˈvoʊlt/
make revolution
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self-defence
C2+
/ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns/
the act of defending yourself
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census
C2+
/ˈsɛnsəs/
to conduct a census
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extort
C2+
/ɪkˈstɔː(ɹ)t/
obtain by coercion or intimidation
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offset
C2+
/ˈɔf.sɛt/
produce by offset printing
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inter
C2+
/ɪnˈtɚ/
To bury in a grave.
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parody
C2+
/ˈpæɹədi/
To make a parody of something.
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causeway
C2+
/ˈkɔːz.weɪ/
to provide with a causeway
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parasol
C2+
/ˈpɛɹəˌsɑl/
To protect with, or as if with, a parasol; to shade.
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lyre
C2+
/ˈlaɪ.ɚ/
to play the lyre
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unearth
C2+
/ʌnˈɜː(ɹ)θ/
bring to light
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cower
C2+
/ˈkaʊɚ/
To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear.
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forage
C2+
/ˈfoɹɪd͡ʒ/
wander and feed
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rationalize
C2+
/ˈɹæʃənəlaɪz/
remove irrational quantities from
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speer
C2+
/spɪɹ/
in Scots and northern English, to ask, inquire, or seek information
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searchlight
C2+
/ˈsɝːtʃˌlaɪt/
To scan or sweep across like a searchlight.
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Word Formation & Derivatives(457)
poker
C2+
/ˈpoʊkɚ/
One who pokes.
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mattress
C2+
/ˈmætɹɪs/
A form of lagging, in particular for boilers.
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self-respect
C2+
/ˌsɛlfrɪˈspɛkt/
The knowledge of one's own worth.
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ta-ta
C2+
/təˈtɑ/
informal: goodbye
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crikey
C2+
/ˈkɹaɪ.ki/
informal, chiefly British and Australian: used to express surprise, amazement, alarm, or emphasis
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minion
C2+
/ˈmɪnjən/
A loyal servant of another, usually a more powerful being.
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payable
C2+
/ˈpeɪəbl̩/
a liability account showing how much is owed for goods and services purchased on credit
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self-interest
C2+
/ˌsɛlˈfɪntəˌrɛst/
One's personal interest or advantage, especially when pursued without regard for others.
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prithee
C2+
/ˈprɪði/
archaic: please; used to introduce or strengthen a request or question
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vermilion
C2+
/vɚˈmɪl.jən/
A vivid red synthetic pigment made of mercury sulfide, cinnabar.
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looking-glass
C2+
/ˈlʊkɪŋ ˌɡlæs/
Synonym of mirror (“smooth surface that reflects light so as to give an image of what is in front of it”).
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get-out
C2+
/ˈɡɛtˌaʊt/
US informal, in like all get-out: to an extreme degree or with great speed or force
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haw-haw
C2+
/ˈhɔˌhɔ/
a loud, coarse, or affected laugh
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novitiate
C2+
/nəˈvɪʃi.ət/
The period during which a novice of a religious order undergoes training.
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self-knowledge
C2+
/ˌsɛlfˈnɑl.ɪdʒ/
Knowledge or insight into one's own character, abilities, feelings, or motivations; self-understanding.
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glower
C2+
/ˈɡloʊə(ɹ)/
An angry glare or stare.
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spread-eagle
C2+
/ˈsprɛdˌiːɡəl/
a representation of an eagle with its wings and legs extended
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pince-nez
C2+
/pænsˈneɪ/
Templeless eyeglasses that clip to the bridge of the nose.
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rat-trap
C2+
/ˈrætˌtræp/
a trap designed to catch or kill rats, typically by snapping shut
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ditchwater
C2+
/ˈdɪtʃˌwɔtɚ/
stagnant, usually dirty water collected in a roadside or field ditch
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scutter
C2+
/ˈskʌtə(ɹ)/
A hasty run.
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fungible
C2+
/ˈfʌndʒɪbəl/
Any fungible item.
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moon-face
C2+
/ˈmuːnˌfeɪs/
a conspicuously round, full face resembling the disk of the moon
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antihydrogen
C2+
/ˌæn.tiˈhaɪ.drə.dʒən/
the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen, whose atom consists of a positron bound to an antiproton
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Register & Style(96)
Jove
C2+
/dʒoʊv/
Jupiter, the chief god in Roman mythology, especially in literary references
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begone
C2+
/biːˈɡɒn/
archaic or literary: a forceful command to go away
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egad
C2+
/iˈɡæd/
archaic: a mild exclamation expressing surprise, emphasis, outrage, or contempt
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cornpone
C2+
/ˈkɔrnˌpoʊn/
chiefly Southern US: a simple cornbread, traditionally made without milk or eggs and baked or fried
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irid
C2+
/ˈaɪrɪd/
archaic: the iris, or colored ring surrounding the pupil of the eye
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blackbeetle
C2+
/ˈblækˌbiːtəl/
chiefly British: the Oriental cockroach, a large dark-brown or blackish cockroach
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crap
C2+
/kræp/
nonsense or worthless rubbish (vulgar)
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ruth
C2+
/ruθ/
compassion or pity for another's suffering (archaic)
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confab
C2+
/ˈkɑnfæb/
an informal conversation or discussion; to chat
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eld
C2+
/ɛld/
old age or antiquity; former times (archaic)
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wark
C2+
/wɑrk/
pain or ache; to ache (dialectal or archaic)
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bowels
C2+
/ˈbaʊəlz/
the intestines; the deep interior of something; (archaic) seat of pity
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cack
C2+
/kæk/
excrement; (verb, dialectal) to defecate
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decease
C2+
/dɪˈsis/
(formal/legal) death; to die
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despect
C2+
/dɪˈspɛkt/
contempt or disregard (archaic)
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applesauce
C2+
/ˈæpəlsɔːs/
a purée of stewed apples; slang for nonsense
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benj
C2+
/bɛndʒ/
dialectal name for henbane or, in slang, marijuana used as an intoxicant
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cag
C2+
/kæɡ/
British informal, a lightweight waterproof jacket; a cagoule
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china
C2+
/ˈtʃaɪnə/
fine porcelain tableware; British rhyming slang for a close friend
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curio
C2+
/ˈkjʊrioʊ/
a rare or unusual object valued as a curiosity
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eremite
C2+
/ˈɛrəˌmaɪt/
a religious recluse; a hermit (literary)
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beest
C2+
/bist/
the first milk of a cow after calving (colostrum); archaic 'art'
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camelopard
C2+
/kəˈmɛləˌpɑrd/
an archaic name for the giraffe
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eve
C2+
/iv/
the day or evening before a notable event; (poetic) evening
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General Vocabulary(679)
whew
C2+
/hjuː/
used to express relief, exhaustion, or the release of tension
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marsh
C2+
/mɑɹʃ/
low wet land, often with grasses or reeds
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rum
C2+
/ɹʌm/
A spirit distilled from various preparations of sugarcane, particularly fermented cane sugar and molasses.
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cord
C2+
/kɔɹd/
a line made of twisted fibers or threads
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dungeon
C2+
/ˈdʌn.d͡ʒən/
An underground prison or vault, typically built underneath a castle.
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misconduct
C2+
/mɪskənˈdʌkt/
Behavior that is considered to be unacceptable.
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hammock
C2+
/ˈhæmək/
A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet (1.8 meters) wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.
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canton
C2+
/ˈkæntən/
A division of a political unit.
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tch
C2+
/ǀ/
a representation of the dental click used to show disapproval or disgust; tut, tsk
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humph
C2+
/hʌmf/
a closed-mouth grunt expressing doubt, annoyance, contempt, or disapproval
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influx
C2+
/ˈɪnˌflʌks/
A flow inward or into something; a coming in.
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cripes
C2+
/kɹaɪps/
a mild, old-fashioned exclamation of surprise, alarm, annoyance, or disbelief
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varmint
C2+
/ˈvɑɹmɪnt/
a troublesome wild pest, especially around farms
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pall
C2+
/pɔl/
a heavy, fine canvas, especially one laid over a coffin or tomb
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oho
C2+
/oʊˈhoʊ/
an exclamation expressing surprise, discovery, or triumphant realization
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goldmine
C2+
/ˈɡoʊldˌmaɪn/
a mine from which gold ore is extracted
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cravat
C2+
/kɹəˈvæt/
a broad band or scarf worn around the neck
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nosferatu
C2+
/ˌnɑːsfəˈrɑːtuː/
a vampire, especially one represented as an undead and malignant creature
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mandel
C2+
/ˈmændəl/
a surname or given name, especially in Germanic and Jewish usage
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avast
C2+
/əˈvæst/
a nautical command to stop, cease, or hold fast
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forethought
C2+
/ˈfɔː(ɹ)θɔːt/
Thinking beforehand or in advance, planning; prior or previous consideration.
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phantasmagoria
C2+
/ˌfæntæzməˈɡɔːɹi.ə/
a shifting sequence of strange or fantastic images
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yawl
C2+
/jɔl/
A fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel with two masts, main and mizzen, the mizzen stepped abaft the rudder post.
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fulgurite
C2+
/ˈfʌlɡjəraɪt/
a glassy, often branching tube or crust formed when lightning fuses sand, soil, or rock
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