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English Vocabulary

Pick a CEFR level (A1–C2) — A1 is the friendliest place to start — and browse its words grouped by topic: travel, food, the body, emotions, and more. Each word shows its meaning, example sentences, and US/UK pronunciation.

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7306 words

Grammar & Function Words (34)

/ˈbaʊt/ A short period of an illness or of something unpleasant.

/oɹ/ Rock from which valuable metal or minerals can be extracted.

/naɪ/ Near in time or space; close at hand.

/ðaɪˈsɛlf/ the reflexive or emphatic form of thou, meaning yourself; archaic or literary

/jɑn/ that or those over there, at some distance but usually within sight

/aʊt/ Northern English dialect: anything

/ˌaʊɚˈsɛlf/ the reflexive form used with the royal or editorial we, meaning myself

aforementioned C2

/əˈfɔɹˌmɛnʃənd/ mentioned earlier in the same text or conversation

/wɛrˈʌv/ of which or of whom; now chiefly formal or archaic

/ˌðɛɚˈtuː/ to that or to it, chiefly in formal, legal, or literary language

/ˈviːzəvi/ In relation to; compared with.

/werˈtuː/ to what place or destination; where to

/ˈsʌtʃˌlaɪk/ of the same or a similar kind

/(h)wɛrˈɑn/ on which or on what; now chiefly formal, literary, or archaic

/hɪrˈɑn/ on this thing, place, or document

/wɛrˈwɪð/ with which; using the thing just mentioned

/ˈnɑː.mə.nə.t̬ɪv/ relating to the grammatical case that typically marks the subject of a finite verb

/ðerˈfrʌm/ from the place, thing, or source just mentioned

/soʊˈɛvɚ/ In any fashion, of any kind; used for emphasis after words such as how, what, which etc.

/ɡɹəˈmɛɹiən/ a scholar or specialist who studies and describes grammar

in the fifth place

/sɪnˈtæktɪk/ related to syntax or the rules governing how words and symbols are arranged

proprietorial C2

Behaving as if one owns something or someone; possessive.

/ɪnˈflɛkt/ grammar: to change a word's form to express features such as tense, number, case, or gender

Numbers & Quantity (55)

/ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.ʊəl/ Remaining as a small amount after most of something has gone.

/stʌb/ strike one's toe accidentally against an object

/ˈteɪkɚ/ one who accepts an offer

/ˈtwɛlfθ/ coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

/mi.dɪˈɑk.ɹɪ.ti/ The state of being only average and not very good.

/ˈmɪriːəd/ A very large number of something.

/ˌaʊtˈnʌmbɚ/ to be greater in number than another person, group, or thing

/ˈzɪljən/ a very large indefinite number, usually hyperbole

/ˈmɔɹsəl/ a small quantity of anything

/aɪˈoʊtə/ an extremely small amount; the slightest degree

/ˈbʊʃəl/ a dry measure of capacity used for grain, fruit, and similar goods

proportional C2

/prəˈpɔrʃənəl/ Changing in size or amount in a way that matches another thing.

/ˈtɛnfoʊld/ by ten times as much

/ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/ coming next after the eighteenth in position

/ˌeɪˈtiːnθ/ coming next after the seventeenth in position

/əˈtɹɪʃən/ A gradual reduction in number, especially of staff who leave and are not replaced.

unadulterated C2

/ˌənəˈdʌltɝˌeɪtɪd/ Pure; not mixed with anything else.

/ˌsɛvənˈtiːnθ/ coming next after the sixteenth in position

proliferation C2

/pɹəˌlɪf.əˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ A rapid increase in the number or spread of something.

/əˈplɛnti/ existing in a generous or more than sufficient quantity, normally placed after the noun

/ˈsmætɚɪŋ/ A small, scattered amount or number of something.

/ˈhaʊsfəl/ as many people or things as fill or can be accommodated in a house

/səbˈsɪstəns/ The food, money, or other things a person needs simply to stay alive.

/ˈθriːˌfoʊld/ by a factor of three

Space, Position & Direction (169)

/ˈɛkoʊ/ A sound that comes back to you after it bounces off a surface.

/aɪˈɹɑ.nɪk/ Surprising because it is the opposite of what you would expect.

/ˈkɑz.mɪk/ Relating to the universe or outer space.

/ˈsɑlɪˌtud/ The state of being alone, often by choice and in a peaceful way.

/vəˈsɪnəti/ The area near or around a particular place.

/bɹɪŋk/ The point just before something important or dangerous happens.

/skɹoʊl/ To move text or images up, down, or across a screen to see different parts.

/ˈmeɪtɹən/ a married woman, usually middle-aged with children, who is staid and dignified

/ɹɪft/ A serious break in friendly relations; a state of conflict or distance between people.

/ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/ to identify or locate something with great precision

/ˈvɔɹtɛks/ A whirling mass of water, air, or other fluid that pulls things toward its centre.

/ˌbæɹ.ɪˈkeɪd/ a barrier (usually thrown up hastily) to impede the advance of an enemy

/ˈɛk.sɔɹˌsɪ.zəm/ A ritual performed to drive out an evil spirit from a person, place, or thing.

/ɪnˈtɑləɹəbl̩/ incapable of being put up with

/hɔɪst/ To raise or lift something heavy, often using ropes, pulleys, or other equipment.

/ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/ An action or remark that deliberately makes someone angry or upset.

/ˈ(h)wɝlwɪnd/ A column of air spinning rapidly as it moves across the ground.

/ˈkɔː(ɹ)dən/ A line of people or barriers placed around an area to guard or block it.

/kəˈkuːn/ The silky covering a caterpillar spins around itself before becoming a moth or butterfly.

/ˈkɒnd(j)ʊɪt/ A pipe or channel that carries water, wires, or other things.

/ˈpɛdɪstəl/ A base on which a statue, column, or vase stands.

/pɝt͡ʃ/ To sit or rest on a high or narrow place, especially of a bird.

/wɪnt͡ʃ/ pull or lift up with or as if with a winch

/əˈdrɪft/ floating without being moored or steered

Time (82)

/ˈstændɪŋ/ A person's or group's status, rank, or reputation.

/ˈɛn.iˌtaɪm/ at any time; whenever it is convenient or possible

/skɹeɪp/ a harsh noise made by scraping

/mɪˈlen.i.əm/ a period of one thousand years

/ˈhɛɹ.əld/ To be a sign that something is coming or about to happen.

/vəʊɡ/ the popular or general taste at a given time

/nɑˈstæld͡ʒə/ A bittersweet longing for happy times in the past.

/nɔˈstældʒɪk/ Feeling or causing a fond longing for the past.

/pɹoʊˈlɔŋ/ To make something last longer; to extend its duration.

/ˈsɛkjələɹ/ Not connected with religion or spiritual matters.

/ˈsɑl.stɪs/ either of the two annual times when the sun reaches its greatest apparent distance north or south of the celestial equator, producing the longest or shortest day

instantaneous C2

/ɪnstənˈteɪni.əs/ Happening immediately, with no delay at all.

/lʌl/ a period of calm weather

/ˈekwəˌnɑːks/ either of the two times each year when the Sun crosses the celestial equator and day and night are approximately equal in length

/siˈɛstə/ a rest or nap taken in the early afternoon, especially in a hot climate

/ˌɪm.pəˈzɪʃən/ An unfair or unwelcome demand on your time, effort, or hospitality.

/ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ Something that is very different from what is normal or expected; a one-off departure from the usual.

/ɪˈvɛntʃuəl/ happening or existing at a later time or as the final result of a process

/pɹəˈkəʊʃəs/ Showing skills or maturity at an unusually early age, especially in a child.

/pɹaɪ̯ˈmi.vəl/ Belonging to the earliest ages of the world; very ancient.

/bɪˈleɪtɪd/ coming, happening, or being done later than expected or appropriate

/ˈrɪkəti/ Weak and likely to break or collapse; poorly built or worn out.

/jɔr/ a time long past, now used chiefly in the phrase 'of yore'

instantaneously C2

/ˌɪnstənˈtæniːəsli/ At once, with no delay at all.

People & Society (157)

/koɹps/ A dead body, especially of a person.

/mɪˈlɔɹd/ a respectful form of address for an English nobleman or lord

/siːˈnjɔːr/ a courtesy title used before the name of, or in addressing, an Italian man; equivalent to Mr. or sir

/ˈvaɪpɚ/ a person who is considered dangerous

/ˈbɑːbuː/ South Asian, often historical in English: a respectful title or form of address for a man, commonly placed after a personal name

/ˈɡɑb.lɪn/ a small, grotesque, supernatural, and folkloric creature that makes trouble for human beings

/ˈkɑːŋkjəbaɪn/ historical: a woman recognized as a man's sexual partner but given lower social or legal status than a wife

/hɪˈstɛɹiə/ Wild, uncontrollable emotion, especially fear or panic, that spreads through a group of people.

/ˈhɝmɪt/ A person who lives alone and avoids the company of others.

/ˈhʌdəl/ To crowd closely together, often for warmth or safety.

/pəˈleʈ/ The roof of the mouth, which separates the mouth from the nasal passage.

/kjʊəˈɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ A person who manages and organizes a collection in a museum, gallery, or library.

/ˈsɛv.ɚ/ to cut off from a whole

/kəˈdævɚ/ the dead body of a human being

/ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/ showing an arrogant or dismissive lack of proper concern

/ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ɚ.i/ A person who gains an advantage or benefit from something.

/ˌsen.jəˈriː.t̬ə/ a Spanish or Spanish-speaking girl or unmarried young woman, especially when addressed or referred to with the title equivalent to Miss

/ˈsməðər/ deprive of the oxygen necessary for combustion

/kənˈdoʊn/ To accept or forgive behaviour that most people think is wrong.

/ˈskævəndʒɝ/ An animal that feeds on dead bodies or rotting matter.

/ˌænəˈnɪmɪti/ The state of being unknown by name; keeping your identity hidden.

/ˌɪn.təˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ The process of becoming a full, accepted part of a community, especially for people from a different background.

/ˌsaɪəˈmiːz/ historical: relating to Siam, the former name of Thailand, or to its people, culture, or language

/ˈkæləs/ Cruel and uncaring about other people's feelings or suffering.

Family & Relationships (56)

/ˈhoʊmˌkʌmɪŋ/ a coming to or returning home

/iˈloʊp/ to leave secretly in order to marry, or to marry privately without a public ceremony or advance announcement

/ˈbraɪdzˌmeɪd/ a person, traditionally a woman, who attends and supports a bride at a wedding

/pəˈtɜːnɪti/ the state of being a father

/pæp/ US dialect: father; pa

/ˈmæt͡ʃˌmeɪkɚ/ someone who arranges (or tries to arrange) marriages for others

/ˈkɑnd͡ʒəɡəl/ relating to marriage or the relationship between spouses

/əˈmʊɹ/ a love affair, especially one kept secret or considered illicit

/ˈwɛd.lɑːk/ the state of being married, especially in the phrases in wedlock and out of wedlock

/ˈɡɑdˌsʌn/ a male godchild, especially one whose baptism is sponsored by a godparent

/məˈnɑː.ɡə.mi/ the practice or state of being married to only one person at a time

/neɪ/ used before a married woman's birth surname

/bɪˈtroʊ.ðəl/ a formal agreement or mutual promise to marry; an engagement

/ˌmætrəˈmoʊniəl/ relating to marriage or to the relationship between married partners

/ˈkɪnzmən/ a male relative, especially one belonging to the same extended family; now often literary or historical

/ˌpɹəʊkɹiˈeɪt/ have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant

/ˈspaʊzəl/ relating to a spouse

/ɪnˈsɛs.tʃu.əs/ involving or characterized by sexual relations between people too closely related to marry legally

/ˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒɪnəl/ Pure and untouched; like a virgin.

/ˈfaʊndlɪŋ/ an abandoned infant or child whose parents are unknown

/ˈsʌk.əl/ to feed by drawing milk from a breast or udder

/ɪnˈdɪrmənt/ a word, name, gesture, or action that expresses affection

/stɝˈɪlɪti/ The condition of being unable to produce children or offspring.

/ˈkɔɹəleɪt/ To have a close connection or relationship with something else, so that they change together.

Emotions & Feelings (129)

/hɪˈstɛɹɪkəl/ Showing wild, uncontrollable emotion, such as panic, fear, or excitement.

/ɪˈrɑtɪk/ relating to sexual desire, love, or sexual excitement

/dɪsˈɡʊst/ a strong feeling of dislike or revulsion

/pɛp/ lively energy, enthusiasm, and high spirits

/wuːp/ shout, as if with joy or enthusiasm

/ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/ A deep, thoughtful sadness.

/ˈheɪnəs/ Totally reprehensible.

/kweɪl/ small gallinaceous game birds

/sʌlk/ a mood or display of sullen aloofness or withdrawal

/ˈɹæpt͡ʃɚ/ A feeling of great joy, delight, or excitement.

/dɪsˈɡɹʌnt(ə)ld/ In a dissatisfied, frustrated, or upset mood; in a bad temper or ill humour.

/pləˈtɒnɪk/ free from physical desire

/ləˈmɛnt/ To express great sadness or regret about something.

/ˈwɑːloʊ/ To let yourself enjoy or sink into a feeling, often a sad or self-pitying one.

/ɪɡˈzɔːltɪd/ Held in very high regard; of high rank or status.

/juˈfo.ɹi.ə/ A feeling of intense happiness and excitement.

/flɪnt͡ʃ/ to draw back, as with fear or pain

/ˈɡɹiː.vəns/ A complaint about being treated unfairly, especially one serious enough to act on.

/ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/ annoyance or restlessness caused by delay

/ˈnɑːrsɪsɪst/ One who shows extreme love and admiration for themself.

/moʊp/ to remain dejected, listless, or self-pitying instead of acting

/ˈæŋ(k)st/ A deep feeling of anxiety, worry, or emotional turmoil.

/swuːn/ to lose consciousness briefly, especially because of weakness or intense emotion

/fɚˈlɔɹn/ Sad and lonely, especially because of being left alone or abandoned.

Describing People (188)

/ˈtɹɛt͡ʃəɹəs/ Dangerous and unpredictable, especially because hidden hazards are hard to see.

/ˈluːni/ informal and potentially offensive: a person regarded as foolish, eccentric, or mentally unstable

/ˈbuːbi/ a foolish or inept person; dated and insulting

/næk/ A natural or learned skill for doing something well and easily.

/snɑb/ a person who looks down on people considered socially inferior or tries to display supposedly superior taste or status

/mɪˈtɪkjɪlɪs/ Giving very careful and precise attention to every detail.

/ˈɛmɪˌsɛɹi/ An agent sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else.

/ˈdɛdˌbiːt/ informal, disparaging: a lazy or irresponsible person who avoids work or depends on others for support

/ɪˈpɪfəni/ An illuminating realization or discovery, often resulting in a personal feeling of elation, awe, or wonder.

/ˈstɹoʊlɚ/ a person taking a leisurely walk

/ˈblɑkˌhɛd/ a stupid or slow-witted person; an insulting term

/mɪŋks/ A flirtatious, impudent, or pert young woman.

/ˈʃɑːrlətən/ a person who falsely claims to have special knowledge or skill, usually in order to deceive others

/ˌɪn.kɑːɡˈniː.t̬oʊ/ with one's identity concealed, especially to avoid attention or recognition

/ˈnɪni/ A silly or foolish person.

/təˈneɪʃəs/ Determined and refusing to give up.

/ˈpeɪtrəˌnaɪzɪŋ/ Treating someone as if they were less intelligent or important than you.

/ˈskwiːmɪʃ/ easily made nauseated, disgusted, or distressed by something unpleasant

/ˈsɪmpəltən/ a person lacking intelligence or common sense

/ˈɹʌfi.ən/ A scoundrel, rascal, or unprincipled, deceitful, brutal and unreliable person.

/məˈnaɪ.ə.kəl/ wildly irrational, frenzied, or violently excited

/ˈkʌvɪt/ to wish, long, or crave for something, especially the property of another person

/ˌɪnjuˈɛndəʊ/ An indirect remark that hints at something, often something rude or unkind.

/ˈɡraʊ.tʃi/ easily annoyed, irritable, and inclined to complain

Describing Qualities (625)

/məˈsjʊə(ɹ)/ A man, especially a French gentleman.

/ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/ An idea, plan, or suggestion that is offered for consideration.

/ˈslɪt/ a long narrow opening

/ˈslɪpəɹi/ causing or tending to cause things to slip or slide

/ˈmɛɹɪt/ A good quality that deserves praise or reward.

/ɡeɪl/ A very strong wind.

/ˈɛmɪnəns/ The state of being famous and highly respected in a field.

/ˈfaɪəɹi/ like or suggestive of fire

/ˈboʊ.ɡəs/ Fake or not genuine; pretending to be real.

/ˈbɹaɪd(ə)l/ of or pertaining to a bride

/nuːs/ a trap for birds or small mammals

/ʌnˈsɑlvd/ not solved

/bliːt͡ʃ/ the whiteness that results from removing the color from something

/əˈbju.sɪv/ characterized by physical or psychological maltreatment

/ˈvɝmɪn/ Small harmful animals or insects, such as rats, mice, or fleas, that are hard to control.

/ˈɑɹtɪfækt/ An object made by people, especially an old or historically interesting one

/məˈd͡ʒɛstɪk/ Having qualities of splendor or royalty.

/əˈpis/ Each by itself; for or to each one.

/ˈvæliənt/ having or showing valor

/ˈtɹaɪfəl/ Something of very little importance or value.

hypothetical C2

/ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/ Based on a possible situation or idea rather than on real facts.

/ɪnˈtɹʌst/ confer a trust upon

/ɪmˈpɛkəbəl/ Perfect, with no faults, flaws, or mistakes.

/ˈd͡ʒɝki/ moving or proceeding in sudden, uneven starts rather than smoothly

Communication (237)

/ˈuː/ used to express surprise, admiration, pleasure, or discomfort

/wuː/ an exclamation or cry representing a long whooping, hooting, or wailing sound

/həm/ used to show that the speaker is thinking, hesitating, doubtful, or considering what has just been said

/ˈgʊdˌnaɪt/ an instance of saying “good night”; a nighttime farewell.

interrogation C2

/ɪnˌteɹ.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ The act of questioning someone closely, often by police.

/ˈsʌmən/ to order or ask someone to come

/ˌoʊˈmeɪɡə/ the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet, written Ω or ω

/ɪnˈtɛɹ.əˌɡeɪt/ To question someone closely and often aggressively.

/ˈdʌki/ informal, especially British and sometimes dated: an affectionate form of address for a person

/ˈmæn.də.rɪn/ the major group of Chinese varieties spoken across much of China, especially Standard Mandarin

/ˌædiˈoʊs/ goodbye; used when parting from someone

/ɹeɪθ/ A ghost or specter, especially a person's likeness seen just after their death.

/əˈhɔɪ/ nautical: used to hail a ship, lookout, or person and attract attention

/jʊˈriːkə/ an exclamation of delight at suddenly discovering or solving something

/fluk/ A lucky or improbable occurrence that could probably never be repeated.

/ɑːx/ An expression of annoyance.

/ˈjuː.lə.dʒi/ a speech or piece of writing praising a person who has died, usually delivered at a funeral

/ɹɪˈtɒɹɪk/ Language used skillfully, especially in speeches, to persuade or impress people.

/bæsk/ the language of the Basque people, spoken in parts of northern Spain and southwestern France and not known to be related to any other living language

/ˌsiːn.jəˈriː.nə/ an Italian title or form of address traditionally used for an unmarried woman or young woman

/prəˈvɝːbiːəl/ Used before a word from a well-known saying or metaphor to show you are not speaking literally.

/oʊˈveɪʃən/ an enthusiastic public reception, especially a sustained burst of applause

/ˈblʌbəɹ/ To cry loudly and messily, often while struggling to speak.

/ˈæn.ɪkˌdəʉt/ a short, often interesting or humorous account of a real incident

Mind & Cognition (227)

/ˈvæm.paɪ.ə(ɹ)/ A mythological creature (usually humanoid and undead) said to feed on the blood or life energy of the living.

/ˈθʌd/ strike with a dull sound

/səˈlut/ an act of honor or courteous recognition

/wɪɡ/ A bigwig.

/ˈmædˌmæn/ an insane person

/səˈmɛnt/ concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement

/wɑn/ lacking vitality as from weariness or illness or unhappiness

/ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/ kill as a martyr

/saʊ/ introduce into an environment

/ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdɚ/ An explosive mixture of saltpetre (potassium nitrate), charcoal and sulfur; formerly used in gunnery but now mostly used in fireworks.

/ɹɪˈd͡ʒɔɪs/ To be very happy, be delighted, exult; to feel joy.

/mɔθ/ Any flying insect of the order Lepidoptera not in the superfamily Papilionoidea, most species of which are nocturnal and can be distinguished from butterflies by feather-like antennae.

/əˈdʌltəɹi/ extramarital sex that willfully and maliciously interferes with marriage relations

/ˈbʌdʒ/ to move very slightly

/ˈɪmpɹəvaɪz/ To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.

/ˈɹeɪ.di.ənt/ Radiating light and/or heat.

/ˈkæktəs/ Any member of the family Cactaceae, a family of flowering New World succulent plants suited to a hot, semi-desert climate.

/ˈplæŋk/ cover with planks

/ˈkluːləs/ having no knowledge or understanding of a situation or subject

/ˈhæt͡ʃɪt/ A small, light axe with a short handle; a tomahawk.

/ˈskɛptɪkəl/ denying or questioning the tenets of especially a religion

/ˈɑnwɚd/ Moving forward.

/ˈraɪvəlri/ An ongoing relationship between (usually two) rivals who compete for superiority.

/ˈbænɪʃ/ To send someone away from a place, especially as an official punishment, and forbid them to return.

Senses & Perception (62)

/tæŋ/ a strong, sharp, and distinctive taste or smell

/ˈtwit/ a short, high-pitched chirping sound, especially one made by a small bird

/ˈhæʊ̯l/ a long loud emotional utterance

/ˈklæ̝ŋ/ a loud resonant repeating noise

/ˈmælɪs/ The desire to harm others or to see them suffer.

/ˈtɪŋkəl/ to make a series of light, clear ringing sounds

/ˈɡlɪtəɹɪŋ/ sparkling or shining with many small flashes of light

/hju/ a color or shade of color

/ˈtɪni/ having a thin, harsh, metallic sound

/klæk/ a sharp, hard sound made when solid objects strike together

/skwɪnt/ To look at something with your eyes partly closed, often because of bright light or to see better.

/ˈdʒæŋɡəl/ to make or cause a harsh, discordant metallic ringing sound

/blæm/ used to represent a sudden explosive impact or gunshot

/ˈɹeɪdi.əns/ bright light or a warm glow sent out from something

/riːˈsaʊndɪŋ/ Very great and unmistakable; emphatic

/ˈsɛnʃuəs/ giving pleasure to or strongly appealing to the physical senses

/ˈlʊɹɪd/ Describing shocking or horrifying things, especially violence or sex, in too much vivid detail.

/ɑlˈfæktəri/ relating to the sense of smell or to the organs used for smelling

/ˈvæpɪd/ lacking significance or liveliness or spirit or zest

/ˈdaʊdi/ lacking in smartness or taste

pitter-patter C2

/ˈpɪtərˌpætər/ a rapid succession of light tapping sounds, especially footsteps or raindrops

/ɪɡˈzud/ To show a quality or feeling strongly and clearly through the way you look or behave.

/twæŋ/ a sharp, vibrating sound like that of a plucked string

/ˌtɛləˈskɔpɪk/ Made of parts that slide into one another so the whole can be made longer or shorter.

Education & Learning (36)

/ɪnˈfɔɹmənt/ A person who secretly gives information, especially to the police.

/ˈvaɪvə/ chiefly British: an oral examination, especially one for an academic degree

/ˈprɑːk.tɚ/ especially in the US, a person who supervises an examination to prevent cheating

/ˈdiː.vi.əs/ deviating from a straight course

headmistress C2

/ˈhɛdˌmɪstrəs/ A woman who is in charge of a school.

physiological C2

/ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ Relating to how the body and its organs normally work.

/dɪkˈteɪʃən/ the act of speaking words for another person or a device to write or record

extracurricular C2

/ˌɛkstɹəkəˈɹɪkjʊlə(ɹ)/ Outside the regular school or college curriculum.

/əˈɹɑɪ/ away from the correct or expected course

/ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ The set of methods and procedures used to do something in a particular field.

/ˈtɹuənt/ a pupil who stays away from school without permission

/voʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ Relating to a job, or to the skills and training needed for a particular kind of work.

meteorological C2

/ˌmitiəɹəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl̩/ Relating to the weather or the study of the weather.

inexperience C2

/ˌɪnɪkˈspɪriːəns/ lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience

/ˈskɑːlɝli/ Connected with serious academic study and research

/laɪˈsiːəm/ a hall or association providing public lectures, debates, readings, or concerts

/rɪˈfɛktəri/ a communal dining hall in a monastery, school, college, or other institution

/ˈped.ə.ɡɑːɡ/ a teacher, especially one who is strict, formal, or old-fashioned

impressionistic C2

/ˌɪmˌprɛʃəˈnɪstɪk/ Based on personal impressions and feelings rather than careful facts or research.

/ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/ The quality of accepting pain or hardship calmly, without complaining.

/ˈkɑpiˌbʊk/ historical: a school exercise book containing models of handwriting for a pupil to copy

/ˈklæs.ɪ.sɪst/ a scholar who studies the languages, literature, and cultures of ancient Greece and Rome

/ˈpɛdəntri/ an ostentatious or ill-timed display of learning

obscurantism C2

/əbˈskjʊrəntɪzəm/ deliberate opposition to the spread of knowledge, education, reform, or public understanding

Work & Careers (110)

/ˈʃɛpəɹd/ a herder of sheep, often on an open range

/ˈa.bɪ.ɡeɪl/ historical: a lady's maid or female personal attendant

/ˈsɔɪ.ɚ/ a person employed to saw wood, especially timber in a sawpit or sawmill

/ˈkɑɹvɚ/ someone who carves the meat

/ˈflɔːrɪst/ a person who grows, arranges, or sells cut flowers and ornamental plants

/ˈkʌtlɚ/ a person who makes, repairs, or sells knives and other cutlery

/ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkə(ɹ)/ one whose business is the management of funerals

cinematography C2

/ˌsɪnɪməˈtɑːgrəfi/ The art and craft of filming a movie, especially the camera work and lighting.

/ˈɪnˌkipɚ/ a person who owns or manages an inn

/ˈbruːɝ/ the owner or manager of a brewery

/ˈsɛm(p).stɹɪs/ A woman who sews clothes professionally.

/ˈlæ.ki/ A footman, a liveried male servant.

/ˈʃuˌmeɪkɚ/ a person who makes or repairs shoes

/səˈbætɪkəl/ an extended period of authorized leave from regular work, often for study, travel, or research

/ˈlʌm.bɚ.d͡ʒæk/ a person whose work is to fell trees.

/ˈbɑrˌmeɪd/ chiefly British: a woman who serves drinks in a bar or pub

/ˈsərvəˌt(j)ud/ state of subjection to an owner or master or forced labor imposed as punishment

/ˈɡoʊldˌsmɪθ/ a craftsperson who makes, repairs, or sells objects made of gold, especially jewelry

/ˈnɝːsˌmeɪd/ a woman or girl employed to look after young children

/ˈɡeɪmˌkiːpɚ/ a person employed to manage game animals and their habitat on an estate, especially for hunting

/ˈwɝːk.ruːm/ a room equipped or set aside for practical, manual, or creative work

/ɹɪˈdʌndən(t)si/ The loss of a job because the work is no longer needed, or the act of dismissing such workers.

/ˈbɑːn/ a French nursemaid or children's governess, especially in an English-speaking household

/ˈɡreɪvˌdɪɡ.ɚ/ a person employed to dig graves and prepare them for burial

Business & Commerce (28)

/kɑːrˈtel/ an association of independent businesses or producers that coordinate prices, output, or markets in order to limit competition

/ˈtæktɪk(ə)l/ Done carefully to gain a particular advantage; relating to tactics.

/ˈsɪn.də.kət/ a group of people or organizations that combine resources to carry out a business, project, or shared purpose

/ˈpeɪtɹənaɪz/ To talk to someone as if they were less intelligent or important than you.

conglomerate C2

/kənˈɡlɑm.ɚ.ɪt/ A large company made up of several smaller companies in different kinds of business.

/ɪmˈpɔriəm/ a large store or marketplace offering a wide variety of goods

/ˈtræfɪkɝ/ someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money

/pɹəˈpɹaɪ.əˌtɛɹ.i/ Owned by a particular company and protected by patents, trademarks, or copyright.

/ˈsɐbsɪdi/ Money given by a government or organization to help support a business or activity.

/tɛstɪˈmoʊni.əl/ A written or spoken statement praising someone's worth, character, or a product.

/ˈmɝ.kənˌtaɪl/ Connected with trade and the buying and selling of goods for profit.

/ˈæd.ɪ.tɪv/ A substance added to food, fuel, or another product to give it certain qualities.

profitability C2

/ˌpɹɑ.fɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ The ability of a business to make a profit; the degree to which it is profitable.

contractually C2

/kənˈtræktʃuːəli/ By the terms of a contract; as required by a legal agreement.

/kənˈvɪv.i.əl/ occupied with or fond of the pleasures of good company

laissez-faire C2

/ˌleɪ.zeɪˈfer/ an economic doctrine or policy favoring minimal government intervention in trade, industry, and markets

/ˈseɪ.lə.bəl/ suitable or sufficiently desirable to be sold

/trɛt/ historical commerce: an allowance in weight made to a buyer for waste, dust, or deterioration after tare had been deducted

present participle and gerund of higgle

copartnership C2

/ˌkoʊˈpɑɹtnɚˌʃɪp/ the state or right of being a copartner in a joint enterprise

/ˈɑːntrəpoʊ/ a trading port or commercial center where goods are imported, stored, and re-exported

/ˈvɛndəbəl/ capable of being sold or suitable for sale; marketable

/ˈduːploʊ/ a brand of construction toys made by LEGO, designed for younger children with larger, easier-to-handle pieces

A duty exacted, in some fairs or markets, for the right to carry things where one will.

Money & Finance (83)

/nəˈpoʊ.li.ən/ historical: a French gold coin worth twenty francs, first issued under Napoleon I

/ˈmaɪnə/ an ancient Greek and Middle Eastern unit of money, commonly reckoned as one sixtieth of a talent

/ˈmɝ.sə.ˌnɛɹ.i/ A soldier who fights for any country or group that pays them, rather than out of loyalty.

/doʊl/ chiefly British and informal: money paid by the government to people who are unemployed

/ˈʃɪlɪŋ/ an English coin worth one twentieth of a pound

/ˈlɛvi/ a charge imposed and collected

/ˈruːpiː/ the monetary unit of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, and the Seychelles

/suː/ a former French coin of low denomination

/ˈlɑːmbɑːrd/ historical: a pawnshop or lending house that advances money against pledged goods

/ˈbʊl.jən/ gold or silver in bulk form, especially bars or ingots valued by weight

materialistic C2

/məˌtɪəɹ.i.əˈlɪs.tɪk/ Caring too much about money and possessions.

/səˈlɪsɪt/ To ask for or try to obtain something, such as help, money, or opinions.

/ˈpɹɑmɪsɔɹi/ relating to or having the character of a promise

/ɹiˈmɪt/ To send money in payment for something.

/ˈsʌbsɪˌdaɪz/ To help pay for something by giving money, usually so its cost stays low.

/ˈɒpjʊlənt/ Showing great wealth and luxury; richly grand.

/ɡroʊt/ historical: an English or Scottish coin, especially the English silver coin worth four old pence

/ˈjuːʒəɹi/ the act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest

/ˈɒp.jʊl.əns/ Great wealth shown through luxurious and lavish living.

/ˈflɔːr.ɪn/ a gold coin first minted in medieval Florence, or any of several European coins modeled on it

/ˈlævɪʃli/ in a rich and lavish manner

/iˈkɑnəmaɪz/ To save money by spending less and avoiding waste.

/ˈpeɪˌmæstɚ/ an official or employee responsible for paying wages, especially to workers or troops

inarticulate C2

/ɪn.ɑɹˈtɪk.jə.lət/ without or deprived of the use of speech or words

Shopping & Services (9)

/ˈdreɪpər/ a person who sells cloth, curtains, and related textile goods

/kənˈsaɪnmənt/ A batch of goods that is sent or delivered, especially for sale.

/(ˌ)hæpˈhæz.ɚd/ Done without any clear plan or order; careless and random.

/təˈbæk.ə.nɪst/ a person who sells tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and related goods

/kənˈsaɪn/ To hand something or someone over to another's care or keeping.

/ˈkɑː.stɚ/ dated British: a street seller of fruit, vegetables, or other goods; a costermonger

/pɚˈfjuːməri/ perfumes or fragrant preparations collectively

/ˈpɔɹtəɹəd͡ʒ/ the work or service of carrying luggage or goods, especially by a porter

/ˈdraɪˌɡʊdz/ historical and chiefly US: textiles, clothing, and related merchandise sold by a shop

House & Home (114)

/ˈætɪk/ of or relating to Attica or its inhabitants or to the dialect spoken in Athens in classical times

/ˈpɑɹlɚ/ a room in a private house or establishment where people can sit and talk and relax

/lɔft/ a room or open space directly beneath a roof, often used for storage

/kɹɪb/ a card game, usually for two players, in which each player is dealt six cards and discards one or two

/ˈkɹeɪdəl/ a small bed for a baby, often one that can rock

/ˈlunɚ/ of or relating to or associated with the moon

/nɑb/ a rounded handle on a door, drawer, lid, or similar object

/ʃæˈtoʊ/ Alternative spelling of château.

/ˈdævɪnˌpɔɹt/ a large sofa usually convertible into a bed

/ˈpɝpəsli/ On purpose; intentionally.

/ˈvɛntɪleɪtə/ a device that facilitates breathing in cases of respiratory failure

/ˈkændllaɪt/ the soft light produced by one or more burning candles

/ˈkæstɚ/ historical: a small table container or a stand holding cruets and shakers for condiments

disobedience C2

/ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiːəns/ Refusal to obey.

/ˈhoʊmˌstɛd/ A house and the land and buildings around it, especially on a farm.

/ˈpɹɛdəˌtɔɹi/ living by or given to victimizing others for personal gain

/ˈpʊlpɪt/ A raised platform in a church, sometimes enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon; also, the lectern on such a platform.

/ˈsɛsˌpuːl/ an underground pit or sealed chamber used to collect sewage and waste water

/buˈdwɑɹ/ A woman's private sitting room, dressing room, or bedroom.

/ˈhaʊsˌmeɪd/ A female domestic worker responsible for cleaning a house.

/ˈsæŋktəm/ a private room or retreat where someone can work or be undisturbed

/ˈɹɑːnt͡ʃoʊ/ a simple rural hut or shelter, especially one used by herders or farm workers in Spanish America

/ˈpoʊt͡ʃ/ cook in a simmering liquid

/ˈmæn.təl/ a shelf above a fireplace

Food & Drink (130)

/ˈdʌmi/ having the appearance of being real but lacking capacity to function

/ˈmæɡ.nəm/ a wine or champagne bottle holding 1.5 liters, twice the volume of a standard bottle

/ˈvɪntɪdʒ/ wine from a particular grape harvest, especially one identified by its year and region

/ˈeɪl/ a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast

/ˈtævəɹn/ a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

/ˈkoʊnjæk/ a fine brandy distilled from white wine in the Cognac region of western France

/ˈpɔɹɪd͡ʒ/ A dish made of grain or legumes, milk or water, heated and stirred until thick and typically eaten for breakfast.

/ˈplætɚ/ a large, shallow dish or tray used for serving food

/ˈbraʊni/ a small, rich chocolate cake with a dense or chewy texture, usually baked in a flat pan and cut into squares

/ˈseləri/ a cultivated plant, Apium graveolens, whose crisp leaf stalks are eaten as a vegetable

/mɔlt/ grain, usually barley, that has been soaked, allowed to germinate, and dried for brewing or food

/ˈpjuː/ One of the long benches in a church, seating several persons, usually fixed to the floor and facing the chancel.

/ˈdʌmp.lɪŋ/ a small mass of dough cooked by boiling, steaming, frying, or baking, sometimes wrapped around a filling

/ˈti.pɔt/ pot for brewing tea

/ˈseɪvɝ/ to enjoy a taste, smell, experience, or moment slowly and appreciatively

/ˈsæfɹən/ a costly yellow-orange spice made from the dried stigmas of the saffron crocus

/ˈθɝː.məs/ a vacuum-insulated flask or container designed to keep its contents hot or cold

/ˈkɔɹk.skɹu/ An implement for opening bottles that are sealed by a cork. Sometimes specifically such an implement that includes a screw-shaped part, or worm.

/ˈvɛ.nɪ.sən/ meat from a deer used as food

/ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɑt/ a small round stone fruit with yellow-orange flesh and lightly fuzzy skin

/vɚˈmuːθ/ a fortified red or white wine flavored with herbs and spices, served as an aperitif or used in cocktails

/ˈpɹɛsɪpɪs/ A very steep cliff.

/ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/ a round fruit with a tough reddish rind and many seeds surrounded by sweet-tart red pulp

/kwɪns/ a hard, fragrant, yellow pear-shaped fruit usually cooked before eating

Clothing & Appearance (111)

/ˈspɛnsɚ/ A short, close-fitting jacket primarily worn by women and children in the early 19th century.

/blaʊs/ a shirt or lightweight upper garment, especially one made for women or girls

/ˈdʌŋ/ fertilize or dress with dung

/ˈmɝsɚ/ historical: a merchant who dealt in textiles, especially silk and other fine cloth

/pɹoʊn/ Likely to do or suffer something, especially something bad.

/ˈtɑːpləs/ having the chest or breasts uncovered

/ˈnuːdɪti/ the state of wearing no clothes; nakedness

/kaʊl/ a large loose hood, especially one attached to a monk's robe

/əˈtaɪɚ/ clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

/bɹoʊt͡ʃ/ an ornamental pin or clasp worn on clothing

/kɑːzˈmɛtɪk/ a preparation applied to the body, especially the face or hair, to clean it or improve its appearance

/ˈnaɪtˌɡaʊn/ a loose garment, especially a dresslike one, worn in bed

/ˈboʊ.ə/ a long decorative scarf made of feathers, fur, or a similar fluffy material

/spɹuːs/ dress and groom with particular care, as for a special occasion

/ˈtɝ.bən/ a head covering made by winding a long piece of cloth around the head, worn especially in several South Asian and religious traditions

/ˈbæθˌɹoʊb/ a loose robe, often made of absorbent cloth, worn before or after bathing or while relaxing at home

/mʌf/ a tube of fur or warm fabric into which both hands are placed for warmth

/ˈhɛnə/ a reddish-brown dye made from the powdered leaves of the henna plant, used to color hair or decorate skin

/ˈbrɪtʃɪz/ informal or dialectal: trousers; especially breeches

/siːm/ a line where two pieces of cloth, leather, or similar material are joined, usually by sewing

/ˈpɑntʃoʊ/ a cloak made from a single piece of fabric with an opening for the head, traditionally worn in South America

/ˈtunɪk/ a loose garment for the torso, typically reaching from the shoulders to the hips or knees

/dɹeɪp/ the manner in which fabric hangs or falls

/trɪɡ/ dated or dialectal: neat, trim, and smart in appearance

Travel (14)

/ˈroʊvɚ/ a person who wanders or travels without settling in one place

/ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/ a person who secretly hides aboard a ship, aircraft, train, or other vehicle in order to travel without permission or payment

/ˈɡæ.li.ən/ a large square-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts

/vəˈliːz/ a small suitcase or traveling bag, especially one carried by hand

/ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/ one of a pair of bags carried across or beside a saddle, or a similar bag fitted to a bicycle or motorcycle

/ˈʃɪpmən/ Synonym of sailor

/ˈweɪˌfɛrər/ literary: a person traveling from place to place, especially on foot

/ˈtoʊˌpæθ/ a path along a canal or river used by animals towing boats

/ɪnˈkæmp/ to set up or settle in a camp, usually for a limited time

/ˈkɑrpətˌbæɡ/ a traveling bag made from carpet fabric, especially one used in the nineteenth century

/ˈsoʊd͡ʒɚnɚ/ a person who stays temporarily in a place rather than settling there permanently

/ˌsɪsəˈroʊni/ a guide who conducts visitors around a place and explains its history, art, or antiquities

/ˈʃɪpˌmæs.tɚ/ The master of a ship; a captain; a commander

peregrination C2

/ˌpɛr.ə.ɡrəˈneɪ.ʃən/ a long journey or period of wandering from place to place

Transportation (126)

/kɑɹt/ a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

/hʌl/ The main body or frame of a ship or boat.

/mɑɹˈki/ nobleman (in various countries) ranking above a count

/ʃoʊˈfɝ/ a person employed to drive a private or luxury passenger vehicle

/ˈvɪkɚ/ in the Church of England, a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

/bɪˈlivɚ/ A person who believes; especially regarding religion.

/sleɪ/ a vehicle on runners for traveling over snow or ice, usually pulled by an animal

/ˈhɛlm/ The position of leadership or control of an organization.

/mʊə/ To fix a boat or ship in place with ropes, chains, or an anchor.

/ˌlɪməˈziːn/ a large luxurious car, often with a chauffeur and sometimes with a lengthened passenger compartment

/hɪm/ praise by singing a hymn

/ˈnavɪɡeɪtə/ in earlier times, a person who explored by ship

/wɔrf/ a platform built along or out from a shore where ships load, unload, or moor

/ˈbu.i/ to mark with a buoy or other sea-borne marker

/ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/ The engine of a train that pulls the carriages or wagons.

/ˈmæ.ɹɪˌtaɪm/ bordering on or living or characteristic of those near the sea

/ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/ A system that automatically steers a vehicle, plane, or ship without a person controlling it.

/ˈleɪmən/ Someone who is not a professional in a given field.

/ˈʃɔɹthænd/ written in abbreviated or symbolic form

/ˈbæləst/ to make a ship steady with a ballast

/ˈmʌflɚ/ a device in a vehicle's exhaust system that reduces engine noise; in British English, a silencer

/ˈboʊtˌhaʊs/ a building beside or over water in which boats and boating equipment are kept

/ˈhɛdˌlaɪt/ a powerful light with reflector

/ˈtɝ.ɪt/ A small tower on a building or castle, often at a corner.

Verbs of Movement (61)

/hɪt͡ʃ/ A small problem or delay that interrupts progress.

/ˈjæŋk/ to pull, or move with a sudden movement

/ˈtæktɪk/ A particular action or method planned to achieve a goal.

/ˈslɪŋ/ hold or carry in a sling

/ˈɹi.baʊnd/ To bounce back after hitting something.

/ɪkˈspɛl/ force to leave or move out

/skɪd/ to slide suddenly or sideways across a surface with little or no control

/ˈfʊnəl/ move or pour through a funnel

/kəˈlaɪd/ To crash into something with force.

/ˌʌnˈɹævəl/ To gradually understand or solve something complicated, such as a mystery or problem.

/spʌŋk/ the courage to carry on

/ˈdæŋ.ɡəl/ to hang loosely and be able to swing

/ˈdɹɪ.bɫ̩/ To let a liquid fall slowly in small drops.

/ˈwɪsk/ whip with or as if with a wire whisk

/skwɝm/ To twist your body uncomfortably, especially out of shame or embarrassment.

/ˈtɑpl̩/ To become unsteady and fall over, or to push something over.

/kənˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ to engage in plotting or enter into a conspiracy, swear together

/kɪˈnɛtɪk/ Relating to or produced by movement.

/ˈtɹɪkəl/ run or flow slowly, as in drops or in an unsteady stream

/skɪˈdædəl/ informal: to leave or run away quickly, especially in alarm

/ˈrɪk.əˌʃeɪ/ a glancing rebound from a surface, especially by a bullet or other projectile

/ˈsaɪ.dəl/ to move sideways or approach in a quiet, cautious, or furtive manner

/ˈmidieɪt/ To help opposing sides reach an agreement by acting as a neutral go-between.

/ɹɪˈsɪpɹəˌkeɪt/ alternate the direction of motion of

Sports & Fitness (19)

/ˈroʊdioʊ/ a public competition or exhibition featuring skills such as bronc riding, calf roping, and bull riding

/pʌnt/ (football) a kick in which the football is dropped from the hands and kicked before it touches the ground

/ˈvɑli/ a tennis return made by hitting the ball before it bounces

/ɪˈkwɛstriən/ relating to horse riding, riders, or events performed on horseback

/ˈdʌm.bɛl/ a short bar with a weight at each end, held in one hand for exercise

/ˈkædi/ a person who carries a golfer's clubs and may give advice during play

/ˈsprɪŋbɔrd/ a flexible board that bends and rebounds to propel a diver or gymnast into the air

/æθˈlɛtɪsɪzəm/ Physical strength, fitness, and skill in sport or movement.

muscle-bound C2

Having very large, stiff muscles from too much exercise.

steeplechase C2

/ˈstiː.pəl.tʃeɪs/ a horse race across country or around a course containing fences, ditches, and other obstacles

ingratiating C2

/ˌɪŋˈgreɪʃiːˌeɪtɪŋ/ Trying to win someone's favour, often in an insincere or overly flattering way.

/traʊns/ to defeat someone thoroughly or by a very large margin

/pænˈkreɪtiɑːn/ an ancient Greek combat sport combining wrestling and boxing, with very few prohibited techniques

/ˈbæ.tɫ̩.dɔɹ/ a light, solid-faced racket formerly used to keep a shuttlecock in the air

/ˌd͡ʒuːˈd͡ʒʊtsuː/ a Japanese system of unarmed combat that uses holds, throws, and an opponent's force

/pəˈlɛstrə/ a school or exercise ground in ancient Greece or Rome where wrestling and other athletic training took place

/ɝːˈɡɑː.mə.t̬ɚ/ an apparatus that measures the work or power produced by muscles during physical effort

ingratiatingly C2

In a way that tries to win favour, often through flattery.

/ˈfɪʃˌlaɪn/ a line or cord fitted with a hook and used for fishing; a fishing line

Health & Medicine (229)

/ˈhɛɹ.oʊ.ɪn/ a powerful, highly addictive opioid made from morphine, usually illegal and associated with a high risk of overdose and dependence

/ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/ A medicine that stops the harmful effects of a poison.

/duːʃ/ offensive slang: an unpleasant, contemptible, or obnoxious person

/kənˈteɪdʒəs/ capable of being transmitted from one person or organism to another, especially through direct or indirect contact

/ˈskælpəl/ a small knife with a very sharp blade, used especially in surgery and dissection

/ˈhɪk.ʌp/ an involuntary spasm of the diaphragm followed by a sudden closure of the vocal cords and a short sound

/ˈnɔʃəs/ feeling sick and likely to vomit; affected by nausea

/ˈtʃaɪld.bɝːθ/ the process or event of giving birth to a baby at the end of pregnancy

/dɪˈmɛnʃə/ a syndrome involving progressive decline in memory, reasoning, language, or other cognitive abilities

/ˈhɝːpiːz/ a common lifelong viral infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2, sometimes producing recurring sores around the mouth or genitals

/ˈkɑːlərə/ an acute intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae, usually spread through contaminated food or water and capable of causing severe watery diarrhea and dehydration

/pɑks/ dated, especially in the pox or great pox: syphilis

/ˈmizəlz/ a highly contagious viral disease that causes fever, cough, inflamed eyes, and a spreading red rash

/ˈsuːtʃər/ an immovable fibrous joint, especially the seam between bones of the skull

/saɪˈkoʊsɪs/ a severe mental state involving impaired contact with reality, often including delusions or hallucinations

/tɪk/ a sudden, rapid, repeated movement or vocal sound that is difficult to control

/ˈɪɹɪtəbl̩/ Easily exasperated or excited.

/ˈepəlepsi/ a neurological disorder characterized by an enduring tendency to have recurrent unprovoked seizures

/bɑm/ a soothing or medicinal ointment applied to the skin

/ˈklɒɹə(ʊ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)m/ to anesthetize with chloroform

/ˈhʌntʃ.bæk/ a dated and potentially offensive term for a person with a markedly hunched back or kyphosis

/ˌsænəˈtɔriəm/ an institution providing medical treatment, rest, and supervised recovery, especially for chronic illnesses such as tuberculosis; chiefly historical

/səˈkʌm/ To give in to something you cannot resist, such as pressure, temptation, or desire.

/skæb/ a dry crust of blood and tissue that forms over a wound while it heals

The Human Body (195)

/ˈʃɛɹi/ A fortified wine produced in Jerez de la Frontera in Spain, or a similar wine produced elsewhere.

/ɡɔŋ/ a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer

/ˈlʊkaʊt/ A vantage point with a view of the surrounding area.

/ˈblædɚ/ A container in the form of a flexible bag.

/ˈblʌdˌʃɛd/ the shedding of blood resulting in murder

/ˈeɪnəl/ of, near, intended for, or involving the anus

/ɝn/ A vase with a footed base.

/hɑɹp/ play the harp

/ˈɡlɪtəɹ/ A bright, sparkling light; shininess or brilliance.

/ˈslaɪ.mi/ covered with or resembling slime

/æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ of or relating to or near the abdomen

/ˈtɔrsoʊ/ the central part of the human body, excluding the head, neck, and limbs

/ˈbɑnɪt/ to dress in a bonnet

/ˈpjuː.bɚ.ti/ the developmental stage in which hormonal changes make the body sexually mature and capable of reproduction

/kæɪl/ a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head

/ˈpɛlvɪs/ The large compound bone structure at the base of the spine that supports the legs in hominids.

/ləˈguːn/ a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral

/ɡrɔɪn/ the crease and surrounding region where the lower abdomen meets the inner thigh

/ˈnʌkəl/ one of the joints of a finger, especially when the hand is closed

/eɪˈɔr.tə/ the body's main artery, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart into the systemic circulation

/ɑs/ a bone, especially when identified by a Latin anatomical name

/snaʊt/ The long, projecting nose, mouth, and jaw of a beast, as of pigs.

/ˈɑːrm.pɪt/ the hollow beneath the shoulder where the arm joins the body

/ˈkɑɹnəl/ of or relating to the body or flesh

Technology & Computing (28)

/ˈsteriˌoʊ/ a sound system that records or reproduces audio through two or more separate channels

/ˈsɛn.tɪ.nəl/ a guard or watchman posted to keep lookout

/rɛz/ informal: resolution or image detail, especially in high-res and low-res

/ˈɛm.jə.leɪt/ To copy or imitate someone, especially because you admire them.

/ˈdɔɡ.mə/ a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative

/pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/ A factor or limit that defines or sets the boundaries of something.

/ˈkoʊdæk/ a camera, especially a small hand camera (historical generic use of the trademark)

/ˌbaɪ.oʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ using measurable physical or behavioral characteristics to identify a person

/ˌɪˈlɛktroʊd/ A conductor through which electric current enters or leaves a device, liquid, or circuit.

/ˈmæk.ɹoʊ/ a saved instruction or abbreviation that expands into a longer sequence of computer commands

/bloʊt/ unnecessary size, complexity, or excess, especially in software or organizations

/ˈdiːmən/ a computer program or process that runs in the background and performs a service without direct user control

/fækˈsɪməli/ An exact copy or reproduction of something.

/ˈmɑn.əˌlɪθ/ a large single block of stone, especially one used as a monument

/ˈlɝ.kɚ/ a person who reads or observes an online community without posting or participating

/ˈstaɪ.ləs/ a pen-shaped device used to write, draw, or select items on a touchscreen or graphics tablet

/ˈmɪksɪn/ a reusable unit of behavior or methods that can be included in a class without ordinary single inheritance

/ˈɛksfɪltɹeɪt/ to covertly remove data from a computer system or network

/ˈhaɪpɚtekst/ digital text containing links that let a reader move non-sequentially between related passages or documents

/ˈkɔɹ.əˌɡeɪ.tɚ/ A machine that corrugates material.

/ˈækˌsɛsɚ/ a method or function that reads a value, usually without changing the underlying data

/ˈneɪmspeɪs/ a named scope that groups identifiers so they do not conflict with identical names elsewhere

/ˈkrʌfti/ poorly designed or inelegant, often referring to software or code

/ˈmʌltəˌplɛksər/ an electronic device that selects one of several input signals to send to a single output

Media & Publishing (44)

/trænˈsmɪtɝ/ A device that sends out radio, television, or other signals.

/ˈskɹæpˌbʊk/ a book in which photographs, clippings, notes, and other memorabilia are collected and arranged

/ˈpeɪ.pɚˌbæk/ a book bound with a flexible paper or card cover

/ˈɛp.ɪˌlɔɡ/ a concluding section added to a literary work that comments on or reveals what happens after the main narrative

/ˈpʌn.dɪt/ an expert who regularly gives opinions or analysis in the media

/əˈden.dəm/ a section of additional information appended to a document or publication

/ˈwɔːtəmɑːk/ a faint identifying design formed in paper during manufacture and visible when held to the light

/ˈfoʊliˌoʊ/ a book made from sheets folded once to form two leaves each, especially a large-format volume

cinematographic C2

/ˌsɪnəmætəˈɡræfɪk/ relating to cinematography, motion-picture technique, or the representation of movement as successive images

/ˈnuːzˌbɔɪ/ historical: a boy or young man who sells or delivers newspapers

/tɹoʊp/ a familiar theme, device, or convention that recurs in a type of story, art, or discussion

/deɪˈnuː.mɑ̃ː/ the final part of a story or drama in which complications are resolved

/ˈkʌtəweɪ/ a drawing, photograph, or model with part of the exterior removed to reveal the internal structure

/ˈbʊkˌbaɪn.dɚ/ a craftsperson or worker who binds pages into books or repairs book bindings

/riːˈɪʃuː/ To issue or publish something again, often in a new version.

cinematograph C2

/ˌsɪnəməˈtæɡræf/ an early apparatus that recorded and projected motion pictures

typographical C2

/ˌtaɪ.pəˈɡræf.ɪ.kəl/ relating to typography, typesetting, or the appearance and arrangement of printed text

/ˈhɑɹdˌbæk/ a book bound with a rigid protective cover

/ˈhɑləɡræf/ a document written entirely in the handwriting of the person named as its author or signer

/ˈkwɔːrtoʊ/ a book or page format made by folding a full sheet twice to create four leaves, or eight pages

/skruːp/ Yorkshire dialect: the back or spine of a book

/ɑkˈteɪ.voʊ/ a book or page size produced by folding a full sheet three times to make eight leaves

/ˈsætəraɪz/ to expose or ridicule the faults of a person, institution, or idea through satire

/vɪˈnjɛt/ a brief, vivid description, scene, or episode that captures a person, place, or situation

Art & Music (191)

/ˈpaɪ.pɚ/ a musician who plays a pipe, flute, or especially bagpipes

/məˈdɑː.nə/ an artistic representation of the Virgin Mary, especially with the infant Jesus

/ˈæn.təm/ a song of praise, loyalty, or shared identity, especially for a nation, institution, or religious body

/ˈkjuːpɪd/ A putto carrying a bow and arrow, representing Cupid or love.

/ˈtɛm.poʊ/ in music, the speed at which a composition is to be played

/ˈtʃaɪm/ a melodious ringing sound, or a set of tuned bells or metal bars that produces it

/ˈbjuːɡəl/ a simple brass instrument, usually without valves, used especially for military signals

/ˈkɑɹmaɪn/ a vivid purplish-red pigment or dye traditionally made from cochineal insects

choreography C2

/ˌkɔɹiˈɑɡɹəfi/ The art of arranging the steps and movements of a dance.

/səˈpɹænoʊ/ the highest female voice

/ˌklæɹɪˈnɛt/ A woodwind musical instrument that has a distinctive liquid tone whose characteristics vary among its three registers: chalumeau (low), clarion (medium), and altissimo (high).

/ˈhændiˌwɝk/ work done by hand, or an object made through manual skill

/ˈpɪk.ə.loʊ/ a small transverse flute pitched an octave above the standard concert flute, with a bright, penetrating sound

/uːt/ music: the original solfege name for the first note of a major scale, now usually called do

/ˌsɛrəˈneɪd/ a song or musical performance given for someone, traditionally outdoors in the evening as an expression of love

/ˈfaɪf/ a small, high-pitched transverse flute, traditionally played with drums in military music

/bɑɹd/ a poet and singer in a Celtic tradition, especially one who composed verses celebrating heroes and notable events

/væmp/ a short, repeated, often improvised musical accompaniment or chord progression

/səˈnɑːtə/ a substantial musical composition for one instrument or a small group, usually arranged in several contrasting movements

/ˈhɔlmɑɹk/ A distinguishing characteristic.

/luːt/ a plucked string instrument with a rounded back, flat front, fretted neck, and usually a bent-back pegbox

/bəˈɹoʊk/ In the highly decorated, dramatic style of European art and music of about 1600 to 1750.

/ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/ An electricity generator; a dynamo-electric machine.

/dɪˈbɑ.kəl/ An event or enterprise that ends suddenly and disastrously, often with humiliating consequences.

Entertainment & Leisure (46)

/səˈspɛnsfəl/ causing excited uncertainty or anxiety about what will happen next

/ˈbɑːn.faɪr/ a large controlled outdoor fire, especially one lit for celebration or as a signal

/ˌsɛɹɪˈmoʊniəl/ marked by pomp or ceremony or formality

/ˈd͡ʒubəˌli/ a special anniversary or the celebration of it

/ˈdɑːmɪnoʊ/ a small rectangular game tile divided into two squares marked with dots

/trəˈpiːz/ a horizontal bar suspended by two ropes, used by acrobats for swinging performances

/ˈmɛl.əˌdɹɑː.mə/ a sensational dramatic work with exaggerated emotions, clear moral oppositions, stock characters, and an eventful plot

/ˌmidiˈeɪʃən/ The process of helping two sides settle a dispute through a neutral third party.

/ˈæk.ɹə.bæt/ a performer or athlete who carries out difficult feats of balance, agility, and coordination, especially in a circus

/ˈfɹɑlɪk/ To play and move about in a happy, lively, carefree way.

/swɑːˈreɪ/ formal: an evening social gathering or party, often held in a private home and sometimes featuring music or conversation

/mɑɹˈkiː/ a large tent used for an outdoor event

/ˈkæm.i.oʊ/ a small but noticeable role or appearance by a well-known person in a film, play, or other work

/ˈpæn.təˌmaɪm/ in Britain, a comic musical stage show based on a traditional story and performed especially around Christmas

/ˈskɪtəlz/ a game in which players roll or throw a ball to knock down a group of wooden pins

/feɪt/ An outdoor public celebration or party, often held to raise money for charity.

/ˈdʒʌɡlɚ/ a performer who repeatedly throws and catches several objects or performs similar dexterity tricks

/slaɪt/ skillful use of the hands, especially in performing tricks

/ɹɑmp/ To play in a lively, rough, and energetic way.

/pəˈleɪ/ a palace or grand public building, especially one with a French name or cultural setting

kaleidoscope C2

/kəˈlaɪdəˌskoʊp/ a tube containing mirrors and loose colored pieces that form changing symmetrical patterns when rotated

/ˈhɑːrlɪkwɪn/ the agile, mischievous servant-clown of Italian commedia dell'arte, traditionally dressed in a diamond-patterned costume

/ˈrɪŋˌmæstər/ the person who directs and announces the acts in a circus ring

/ˈwɪst/ a card game for four players who form two partnerships

Science & Research (307)

/ˈɡɛl.ək.si/ a vast gravitationally bound system of stars, gas, dust, dark matter, and other astronomical objects

/ˈaɪvi/ Any of several woody, climbing, or trailing evergreen plants of the genus Hedera.

/ˈkɔɹ.ə.nɚ/ A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.

/ˈmjuː.tənt/ an organism, cell, gene, or other biological entity that carries a mutation

/ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/ a natural rocky or metallic body smaller than a planet that orbits a star, especially one orbiting the Sun

/kɹeɪt/ to put into a crate

/ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ exhibiting or caused by radioactivity

/ˈsʌkʃən/ the process or force by which reduced pressure draws in a fluid or makes surfaces adhere

/ˈmɑːr.ʃən/ of or relating to the planet Mars or its actual or imagined inhabitants

/ˈju.nɪ.kɔɹn/ A mythical horse, widely believed to exist until the 17th century, with a single, straight, spiraled horn projecting from its forehead.

/[haɪˈpʰɑθəsɪs]/ An idea put forward to explain something, which can then be tested.

/ˈwɑtəɹˌmɛlən/ An environmentalist with socialist leanings, an ecosocialist.

gravitational C2

/ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/ Relating to or caused by gravity.

/ˌɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/ using or relating to electromagnetic wavelengths longer than visible red light but shorter than microwaves

/ˈzoʊ.di.æk/ the belt of the sky centered on the ecliptic through which the sun, moon, and visible planets appear to move

/ˈnebjələ/ an interstellar cloud of gas and dust, often associated with the formation or death of stars

/ɛlk/ large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male

/kəˈmi.li.ən/ A small to mid-size reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue.

/niˈændərˌtɑːl/ a member of an extinct human species, Homo neanderthalensis, that lived in Europe and western Asia until about 40,000 years ago

/ɪˈveɪʒən/ nonperformance of something distasteful, as by deceit or trickery, that you are supposed to do

inconclusive C2

/ˌɪnkənˈklusɪv/ Not conclusive, not leading to a conclusion.

/ælˈbaɪnoʊ/ born with albinism and therefore having little or no melanin pigmentation

/ˈstɑrˌdʌst/ fine particles of matter originating in stars or present in interstellar space

/dʒəˈræsɪk/ relating to the second period of the Mesozoic Era, approximately 201 to 145 million years ago

Mathematics & Measurement (257)

/ʃʌv/ the act of giving a push to someone or something

mademoiselle C2

/ˌmæ.dəm.wəˈzɛl/ A young woman or girl, especially one who is French or French-speaking.

/pəˈɹɪmətɚ/ the total length of the boundary of a two-dimensional shape

/ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/ A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).

/ˈkɑɹdɪnəl/ serving as an essential component

/ˈtwaɪˌlaɪt/ a condition of decline following successes

/ˈdæɡɚ/ A stabbing weapon, similar to a sword but with a short, double-edged blade.

/ˈskwɝ(ə)l/ Any of the rodents of the family Sciuridae.

/ˈwɪloʊ/ Any of various deciduous trees or shrubs in the genus Salix, in the willow family Salicaceae, found primarily on moist soils in cooler zones in the northern hemisphere.

/slaɪ/ Done with, and marked by, artful and dexterous secrecy; subtle

/ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/ Arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes

/ˈheɪzəl/ A tree or shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing edible nuts called hazelnuts or filberts.

/ɪntɚˈsɛpt/ seize on its way

/bæmˈbu/ Any of the fast-growing grasses of the Bambusoideae subfamily, characterised by its woody, hollow, round, straight, jointed stem.

/ˈli.d͡ʒən/ A very large number of people or things.

/ɹɪˈvɒl.vɚ/ Synonym of revolving line of credit, a form of credit permitting the holder to repeatedly borrow money.

/wʊf/ The set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp; the weft.

/ˈsɝ.mən/ Religious discourse; a written or spoken address on a religious or moral matter.

/ˈkwɑ.dɹənt/ one of four roughly equal sectors into which a plane, circle, area, or display is divided

/ˈmju.tə.ni/ An organized rebellion against a legally constituted authority, especially by seamen against their officers.

/led͡ʒ/ A narrow surface projecting horizontally from a wall, cliff, or other surface.

/puː/ An instance of saying "pooh".

/ˈd͡ʒæɡ.wɑɹ/ a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard

/kɔɹd/ A harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.

Nature & Landscape (91)

/tɝf/ the surface layer of earth held together by grass and roots

/liː/ an open grassy field, meadow, or pasture; chiefly literary

/ˈævəlæn(t)ʃ/ a large mass of snow, ice, and sometimes rock that suddenly rushes down a mountain

/ˈrɪv.ɚ.saɪd/ the land along or beside a river

/ˈʌndɚˌwʊd/ shrubs, small trees, and other low vegetation growing beneath taller woodland trees

/ˈmaɪnˌfild/ A situation full of hidden risks, dangers, or difficulties.

/ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/ A natural ability or talent for learning or doing something.

/ˈɡɹɑ.toʊ/ a small picturesque cave, especially one associated with water or unusual rock formations

/ˈskaɪlaɪn/ the outline of buildings, mountains, or other objects seen against the sky

/ˈbækˌwɔtər/ a part of a river away from the main current, where the water is still or slow-moving

/fɛn/ a low, waterlogged wetland fed by groundwater or runoff, often peat-forming and richer in minerals than a bog

/ˈweɪvi/ of hair, having waves

/ˈɡɹæsi/ abounding in grass

/ˈsiːʃoɹ/ the shore of a sea or ocean

/əˈrɔɪoʊ/ a steep-sided channel or creek bed in an arid region, usually dry but liable to fill after rain

/ˈhɪlˌtɑːp/ The peak or crest of a hill.

/fiˈɔrd/ a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes or cliffs, typically carved by a glacier

/ˈɡaɪzɚ/ a hot spring that periodically throws jets of water and steam into the air

/klɑd/ a compact lump of earth, clay, or a similar material

/səˈpɹimli/ to the maximum degree

/ˈdrɪftwʊd/ wood carried along by a river, lake, or sea, or washed ashore by the water

/ˈswɑːmpi/ Soggy and marshy; wet like a swamp.

/tɑɹn/ a small mountain lake or pool, especially one formed in a hollow excavated by a glacier

/səˈvænə/ a tropical or subtropical grassland with scattered trees and an open canopy, typically shaped by seasonal rainfall, fire, and grazing

Animals (529)

/kɑk/ to tilt or slant to one side

/ˈælfə/ early testing stage of a software or hardware product

/ˈfiːbi/ any of several small North American flycatchers of the genus Sayornis, especially the eastern phoebe

/ˈpoʊni/ A small serving of an alcoholic beverage, especially beer.

/ˈswɑmp/ a situation fraught with difficulties and imponderables

/stʌnt/ a difficult, unusual, or dangerous feat

/ˈɹoʊ̯ɡ/ A scoundrel, rascal or unprincipled, deceitful, and unreliable person.

/ˈɹeɪvən/ feed greedily

/stiːd/ A stallion, especially one used for riding.

/ˈlɪz.ɚd/ Any reptile of the order Squamata that is not a snake or part of Mosasauria — typically characterised by a rounded torso, a short neck with an elevated head, four limbs and a long tail, although some species are legless.

/wuːm/ In female mammals, the organ in which the young are conceived and grow until birth; the uterus.

/dɹoʊn/ A male ant, bee, or wasp, which does not work but can fertilize the queen.

/ʌnˈɡɹeɪtfəl/ not feeling or showing gratitude

/muːs/ large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male

/kɹʌst/ to form a crust or form into a crust

/ˈvɛlvɪt/ A closely woven fabric (originally of silk, now also of cotton or man-made fibres) with a thick short pile on one side.

/ɹɛt͡ʃ/ An unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person.

/ˈwizəl/ a small slender carnivorous mammal of the genus Mustela or a related genus

/ˈkoʊbrə/ any of several venomous Asian or African elapid snakes that can spread the ribs of the neck to form a hood, especially a snake of the genus Naja

/ˈskɔːrpiən/ an arachnid with grasping pincers and a segmented tail ending in a venomous sting

/pɛk/ To strike or pierce with the beak or bill (of a bird).

/ˈʃæɡi/ Having long, thick, and uncombed hair, fur or wool.

/ˈpænθɚ/ a black-coated leopard, or less often a black-coated jaguar

/tɹæns/ A state of awareness, concentration, or focus that filters experience and information (for example, a state of meditation or possession by some being).

Plants & Agriculture (290)

/ˈbɹændi/ distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice

/stɹoʊl/ a leisurely walk, usually in some public place

/kuːp/ a small enclosure or shelter for poultry or other small animals

/ˈɹoʊzˌmɛɹi/ an aromatic evergreen shrub with narrow leaves, grown as a culinary and medicinal herb

/tɑɹ/ coat with tar

/ˈɑːfɑː(ɹ)/ A member of the people who speak this language and reside in these regions.

/ˈwɒtʃmən/ A man set to watch: a man who keeps guard, especially one who guards a building, or the streets of a city, by night; (loosely) any such person of any sex or gender.

/stʌmp/ remove tree stumps from

/ˈmɛd.əl/ To interfere in or with; to concern oneself with unduly.

/ˈvɪn.jɚd/ A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.

/fɝn/ Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations.

/ˈmɝːtəl/ an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Myrtus, with aromatic leaves and white or pink flowers

/ˈpæs.t͡ʃɚ/ bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattle

/bɝ/ a rough or prickly seed case, husk, or flower head that clings to fur or clothing

/bɝt͡ʃ/ to whip with a birch twig

/sʌp/ a small amount of liquid food

/ˈfɹæ.ɡɹənt/ Sweet-smelling; having a pleasant (usually strong) scent or fragrance.

/plaʊ/ a farm tool used to cut and turn over soil before planting

/beɪl/ a large quantity of material compressed and tightly bound for storage or transport

/ˈdæljə/ a tuberous flowering plant of the genus Dahlia, native to Mexico and cultivated for its large, brightly colored flower heads

/hoʊ/ dig with a hoe

/ˈmɪsəlˌtoʊ/ an evergreen plant that grows parasitically on trees and bears white berries

/ˈhaɪəsɪnθ/ a bulbous garden plant with a dense spike of fragrant, brightly colored flowers

/ˈpʌti/ apply putty in order to fix or fill

Weather & Climate (31)

/ˈpʌdl̩/ a small, shallow pool of water or another liquid, especially one formed by rain

/ˈθʌndɚˌklæp/ a single sudden, loud crash of thunder, especially from a nearby lightning strike

/mɑːnˈsuːn/ a seasonal wind system that reverses direction between summer and winter, especially in South and Southeast Asia

/kwɛnt͡ʃ/ cool by plunging into cold water or other liquid

/ˈdrɪz.əl/ very light rain falling in fine drops

/ˈtʃɑpi/ of water or weather, rough with many small, short waves

/tɔˈɹɛn.t͡ʃəl/ Of rain, falling very heavily.

/ˈɹeɪndɹɑp/ a single drop of rain falling from a cloud or resting on a surface

/ˈwɪndwɚd/ facing or situated toward the direction from which the wind is blowing

/bɹaɪl/ to cook under a broiler

/ˌber.əˈmet.rɪk/ relating to atmospheric pressure or to its measurement with a barometer

/ˈkjumjələs/ a dense, white, rounded cloud with a flat base, formed by rising warm air

/ˈduːˌdrɑːp/ a small drop of water formed as dew on a cool surface

/klaɪm/ a region considered in relation to its climate, especially in literary use

/sɪˈrɑːkoʊ/ a hot, often dusty wind that blows from the Sahara across the Mediterranean into southern Europe

/ˈwɔ.təɹ spaʊt/ a rotating column of air and spray formed over water; figuratively, any violently whirling or surging mass

/ˈwɛðɚˌkɑk/ a weather vane, traditionally shaped like a rooster

/ˈheɪlˌstoʊn/ a single ball or irregular lump of ice that falls from a storm cloud as hail

/iˈoʊ.li.ən/ relating to, produced by, or resembling the action or sound of the wind

/sɪˈmuːm/ a violently hot, dry, dust-laden wind that blows in the deserts of Arabia and North Africa

/ˈɛkwəbəl/ Calm and not easily upset.

/ˈwaɪtˌkæp/ a wave whose crest has broken into white foam

/bɪˈduː/ literary: to wet or cover something with dew or with small drops resembling dew

/ˈhɔːrfrɑːst/ a white deposit of feathery ice crystals formed when water vapor freezes directly onto a cold outdoor surface

Environment & Ecology (11)

/ˈwaɪldˌfaɪr/ a large, uncontrolled fire that spreads rapidly through vegetation or wild land

/liːtʃ/ to remove soluble substances from a material by passing liquid through it

/ˈmæŋɡroʊv/ a tropical or subtropical tree or shrub adapted to grow in salty or brackish coastal water, often with exposed supporting roots

/pəˈlædʒɪk/ living, occurring, or carried in the open sea away from the coast or seabed

/ˈæl.ɡəl/ relating to, consisting of, or resembling algae

/ˈæl.ɡə/ one of a diverse group of chiefly aquatic photosynthetic organisms, ranging from microscopic single cells to large seaweeds and lacking the organs of land plants

/ˌɛkoʊˈtʊɹɪzəm/ Responsible travel to natural areas that protects the environment and supports local people.

/ˌɪntɚˈtaɪdəl/ relating to the part of a shore covered at high tide and exposed at low tide

/dɪˈnuːd/ formal: to strip land or another surface of its natural covering

/ˈkɑɹ.bən.aɪz/ To turn something into carbon by heating it, leaving it scorched or blackened.

/ˈəsniə/ any branching gray-green or yellowish lichen of the genus Usnea, often hanging from trees

Places & Geography (33)

/ˈtɹɛt͡ʃəɹi/ The act of betraying someone who trusts you.

/ˈɪnlənd/ towards or into the interior of a region

/prəˈvɪnʃəl/ Narrow-minded or unsophisticated, in the way of someone from a small town far from the city.

/ˈtɛˌrɑː/ earth, land, or solid ground, especially in the Latin expression terra firma

/sɪˈsɪliən/ relating to Sicily, its people, culture, or language

/ænˈtɑɹktɪk/ relating to Antarctica or the region around the South Pole

/əˈnɛks/ An extra building or section added to a larger one

/ˈlɒnd͡ʒɪtʃuːd/ the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich

/dɪˈfjuz/ To spread something out over a wide area, or to spread out in this way.

/ˌhɑːsiˈendə/ a large estate, plantation, or ranch in a Spanish-speaking country, especially in the Americas

/mjuːz/ chiefly British, a short street or courtyard lined with buildings that were originally stables and are now often homes

/ʃaɪ(ə)ɹ/ a county or traditional administrative district, especially in Britain

/ˈbækˌwʊdz/ a remote, sparsely settled, and often wooded region, especially in North America

/ˌɑɹkəˈpɛləˌɡoʊ/ a group or chain of islands

/ˌæləˈmeɪdə/ a public promenade or broad avenue bordered with trees, especially in Spain or Spanish-speaking America

/təˈpɑɡɹəfi/ The shape and physical features of an area of land, such as hills and valleys.

/ˈrɪvərˌfrʌnt/ land, buildings, or a district directly beside a river

/ˈpæmpə/ an extensive, usually grass-covered plain of temperate South America east of the Andes

/ˈbʌɹoʊ/ a borough in Scotland

/ˈɪsməs/ a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas and bordered by water on both sides

/ˈhɪntɚˌlænd/ a remote region far from cities or major centers of activity

/paʊˈliːstə/ a native or inhabitant of the Brazilian state of São Paulo

/ˌpætəˈɡəʊni.ən/ relating to Patagonia, the southern region of Argentina and Chile, or its people and culture

/ænˈtɪp.əˌdiz/ two places or points situated directly opposite each other on the earth

Law & Government (218)

/ˈkaʊn.səl/ Advice or guidance, especially when serious or careful.

/lɛks/ a law or statute, especially one expressed by its Latin title or discussed in Roman law

/ˈdaɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ blow up with dynamite

/ˈpriː.sɪŋkt/ in the United States, a local administrative district used for elections or policing

/ˈtɹiː.zən/ The crime of betraying one’s own country.

/kənˈkʊʃən/ A violent collision or shock.

/ˈvæleɪ/ a person that will park and fetch cars for people using a business, restaurant or service

superstitious C2

/ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃəs/ showing ignorance of the laws of nature and faith in magic or chance

/səˈspɛns/ an uncertain cognitive state

/beɪ/ historical: a governor, ruler, or other high official in the Ottoman Empire and some of its former territories

/ˈstæt͡ʃuːt/ enacted by a legislative body

/əˈblɪviːən/ total forgetfulness

/ˈpɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəɹi/ The deliberate giving of false or misleading testimony under oath.

/ˈɛt.ɪˌkɛt/ The manners or decent behaviour to be observed in social or professional life; conventional decorum; the ceremonial code of polite society.

/ˈskeɪpˌɡoʊt/ Someone unfairly blamed or punished for some failure.

/ˈprɪvi/ sharing secret or private knowledge of something, normally followed by to

/ʌnˈtɹuː/ not true to an obligation or trust

/ænˈsɛs.təɹ.əl/ inherited or inheritable by established rules (usually legal rules) of descent

/ɪˈvɪk.ʃən/ the expulsion of someone, such as a tenant, from the possession of land by process of law

/ˈɔldəɹmən/ a member of a municipal council, especially in a city or in a historical system of local government

/ˈɹɪɡɚ/ excessive sternness

/əˈmɪr/ a ruler, prince, governor, or military commander in an Islamic country or polity

/ˈvaɪsˌrɔɪ/ a governor who rules a country, colony, or province as the representative of a monarch

/kəˈɹɑbəɹeɪ̯t/ to support with evidence, authority, or make more certain or confirm

Politics & International Affairs (56)

/klɛnz/ to purge of an ideology, bad thoughts, or sins

/ˈæn.ɚ.kɪst/ a person who advocates anarchism, seeking a society organized without a coercive state or imposed hierarchy

/ˈsteɪsɪs/ Inactivity; a freezing, or state of motionlessness.

/ˌmæn.əˈfes.toʊ/ a public written declaration of the principles, policies, aims, or intentions of a political party, government, or movement

/ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/ A temporary (usually insubstantial) substitution.

/ɪmˈpɪriəlɪst/ a person who supports or practices imperialism

/ˈkɑnˌkleɪv/ a private, confidential, or secret meeting of a select group

/ɹɑel/ To stir or move from a state of calm or order.

totalitarian C2

/ˌtoʊtəlɪˈtɛɹiən/ characterized by a government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control

/ˈlɛɡɪt/ an official envoy or deputy, especially a representative sent by the pope or a sovereign

/ˈsɛɡweɪ/ To move smoothly from one state or subject to another.

/ˈædʒ.əˌteɪ.tɚ/ a person who vigorously stirs others into political or social action, often a disapproving label for a protest organizer

/ˌɛmpəˈθɛtɪk/ showing empathy or ready comprehension of others' states

/səbˈvɝːʒən/ the deliberate, often covert undermining of an established government, institution, or system

/əˈpiːzmənt/ the act of calming, satisfying, or pacifying someone by meeting a demand or easing a grievance

/ˈdʒɪŋɡoʊ/ dated: used as a mild oath, usually in the phrase by jingo

/daɪˈnæstɪk/ relating to a dynasty or to rule by successive members of one family

/traɪˈʌmvɝət/ a group of three people who share authority or responsibility

/ˌæbdəˈkeɪʃən/ the formal act of giving up a throne or other position of sovereign power

/ˈbɑlʃəˌvɪzəm/ historical and political: the revolutionary Marxist doctrine and strategy of the Bolshevik faction led by Lenin

/diˈθroʊn/ to remove a monarch from the throne or from sovereign power

/əˈpɑːkɹɪfəl/ Of doubtful authenticity, or lacking authority; not regarded as canonical.

/ˈænəɹˌkɪzəm/ a family of political philosophies and movements skeptical of or opposed to coercive authority, especially the state, and favoring stateless social organization through voluntary cooperation

/ˈmɪl.ə.tɚ.ɪ.zəm/ the belief or policy that a country should maintain powerful armed forces and use them to gain political or economic advantage

Crime & Justice (78)

/ˈblæk.meɪl/ the crime or practice of demanding money or compliance by threatening to reveal a secret or damaging information

/ˈsɑlɪˌtɛɹi/ Alone; done or existing without others.

/θʌɡ/ a violent criminal or a person hired to intimidate or attack others

/æbˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ the act of taking a person away unlawfully by force or deception

/ˈɑɹsən/ malicious burning to destroy property

/lɪnt͡ʃ/ to kill someone without legal authority or a trial, especially by a mob and often by hanging

/ˈpɑːsi/ a group of people summoned by a law officer to help keep order or pursue a suspect

/ˈsmʌɡəl/ to move goods or people secretly and illegally across a border or through controls

/ˈpɝpəˌtɹeɪtɚ/ a person who commits a crime, harmful act, or other wrongdoing

/ˈɡʌnmən/ a criminal armed with a gun, especially a professional killer.

penitentiary C2

/ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəɹi/ used for punishment or reform of criminals or wrongdoers

/əˈseɪlənt/ a person who physically attacks another person

/ˈfɛl.ən/ a person who has committed or been convicted of a felony, especially in United States law

/ˈsmʌɡlɚ/ a person who secretly and illegally carries goods or people into or out of a country or restricted area

/ˈɡɪl.ə.tiːn/ a machine for executing a person by dropping a heavy blade through the neck

/ˌæpɹɪˈhend/ To catch and arrest someone, especially a criminal.

/əˈvɛndʒɚ/ a person who punishes someone in return for a wrong or injury

/ˌmɪsdəˈmiːnɝ/ A minor crime that is punished less severely than a serious one.

/ɪnˈkrɪm.ə.neɪt/ to provide evidence or information suggesting that someone is guilty of a crime or wrongdoing

/ˈswɪndəlɚ/ a person who obtains money or property from others through deception or fraud

embezzlement C2

/ɪmˈbɛzəlmənt/ the fraudulent theft or misappropriation of money or property entrusted to one's care

/swæɡ/ informal: money or goods obtained by theft or other illegal activity

/ˈpɪkˌpɑːkət/ a thief who secretly steals from people's pockets or bags in public places

/ˈhuː.lɪ.ɡən/ a violent or destructive troublemaker, especially one acting as part of a group

War & Conflict (187)

/fɔɹt/ A structure improvised from furniture, bedding, etc., for playing games.

/vɑlt/ to jump across or leap over an obstacle

/ˈɹæskl̩/ A dishonest person; a rogue, a scoundrel, a trickster.

/ˈʃɑtɡʌn/ a smoothbore firearm designed to fire cartridges containing many small pellets or a single slug

/ˈsæb.ə.tɑːʒ/ deliberate damage, obstruction, or disruption intended to weaken an activity, organization, or opponent

/ˈbɛdtaɪm/ The time or hour at which one retires to bed in order to sleep.

/wɔlts/ A ballroom dance in 3/4 time.

/ˈɡɹoʊ̯n/ indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

/ˈsaɪdweɪz/ toward one side

/ˈtaɪˌpraɪtɝ/ One who uses a typewriter; a typist.

/kəˈdɛt/ a student or trainee preparing to become a military or police officer

/pɹiːˈkɔːʃən/ a precautionary measure warding off impending danger, damage or injury

/ˈpæntɹi/ A small room, closet, or cabinet usually located in or near the kitchen, dedicated to shelf-stable food storage or storing kitchenware, like a larder, but smaller.

/fjuːd/ a long and bitter quarrel between people, families, or groups, sometimes involving violence

housekeeping C2

/ˈhaʊˌskiːpɪŋ/ The chores of maintaining a house as a residence, especially cleaning.

/ˈhʌmbli/ in a humble manner

/ˈlʌm.bɚ/ move heavily or clumsily

/ˈkɑmədɔr/ a naval officer ranking above captain and below rear admiral

/ɪˈveɪsɪv/ deliberately vague or ambiguous

/blɪts/ A sudden, intense, and concentrated effort or campaign.

/ˈsen.tri/ a guard posted to watch a place, especially to warn of danger or prevent unauthorized entry

/ˈsɪtədəl/ A strong fortress that sits high above a city.

/əˈblɪviːəs/ Lacking awareness; unmindful; unaware, unconscious of.

/ˈskulˌbɔɪ/ a boy attending school

Religion & Belief (196)

/ˈpɑmɚ/ historical: a pilgrim to the Holy Land, traditionally identified by the palm branch carried on returning home

/ˈep.ɪk/ constituting or having to do with or suggestive of a literary epic

/ˈdiːkən/ in several Christian churches, an ordained minister ranking below a priest

/ˈpɑdɹeɪ/ a Christian priest, especially in a Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking community

/ˈdʒiːni/ a jinn: a spirit being in Islamic and pre-Islamic Arabian tradition, capable of choosing good or evil and normally invisible to humans

/ˈhaɪdrə/ in Greek mythology, a many-headed serpent whose severed heads grew back

/ˈpeɪɡən/ a follower of a polytheistic, nature-centered, or pre-Christian religion, including a person in a modern Pagan tradition

/ˈt͡ʃæstɪti/ Vow made, usually because of moral or religious beliefs, to abstain from sexual relations.

/ˈhɔɹəˌskoʊp/ an astrological forecast of a person's future, often published according to their zodiac sign

/ˈblæs.fə.mi/ speech or conduct that shows contempt for God, a religion, or something held sacred

/ˈhɛɹɪtɪk/ Someone whose beliefs are contrary to the fundamental tenets of a religion they claim to belong to.

/ˈtʃælɪs/ a stemmed ceremonial cup, especially the cup used for wine in the Christian Eucharist

/ˈɡɑdləs/ not believing in or acknowledging a god or gods

/ˈsækɹəlɪdʒ/ the violation, misuse, or profanation of something regarded as sacred

/ˈsæk.rə.mənt/ a Christian rite regarded as an outward sign of divine grace, such as baptism or the Eucharist

/ˈɪnfədəl/ historical and often offensive: a person regarded as not accepting the religion considered true by the speaker

/ləˈvaɪəθ(ə)n/ a vast and powerful sea creature described in the Hebrew Bible

/ˈsɛləbəsi/ abstaining from sexual relations, for example because of religious vows

/ædˈhɪɹ/ To stick firmly to a surface.

/ˈpæsˌoʊvɚ/ the Jewish spring festival commemorating the Israelites' liberation from slavery in Egypt

/ˌkɹuː.səˈfɪk.ʃən/ execution by fastening a person to a cross or upright structure and leaving them to die

/ʃəˈriːf/ a descendant of the prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, traditionally entitled to a rank of nobility

/nɪmf/ in classical mythology, a female spirit associated with a natural place such as a spring, forest, or mountain

/ˈmɑrtərdəm/ death or severe suffering endured because of loyalty to a religion, belief, or cause

Culture & History (109)

/ˈdɑː.nə/ an Italian title meaning lady, especially one applied to a woman of rank

/ˈdɛks.tɚ/ heraldry: on or toward the bearer's right side of a shield, which appears on the viewer's left

/siːnˈjɔːrə/ an Italian title of respect or form of address for a woman, equivalent to Mrs. or madam

/hʌn/ a member of a nomadic confederation that entered Europe in late antiquity and reached its greatest power under Attila in the fifth century

/ˈjuː.nək/ a man who has been castrated

/ˈlɛprəˌkɔn/ a small solitary supernatural being in Irish folklore, traditionally portrayed as a shoemaker who guards hidden treasure

/ˈtrɪbjuːn/ in ancient Rome, an elected official charged with protecting the interests and rights of the plebeians

/ˈkɛltɪk/ of or relating to the Celts or their cultures and traditions

/ˈtoʊtəm/ a natural being or object that serves as the emblem of a kinship group and may have a special spiritual relationship with it

/ˈkɔɹtəzæn/ historical: a woman who had wealthy or powerful lovers or clients, often in exchange for financial support and with access to elite society

/sɑːrˈkɑːfəɡəs/ a stone coffin, often carved or decorated and displayed above ground

/ˌkriː.məˈtɔːr.i.əm/ a building or facility where dead bodies are cremated

/ˌʃevəˈlɪr/ a knight or chivalrous, courtly gentleman, especially in a historical or literary context

/ˈɑːrtʃˌduːk/ a prince of the former ruling house of Austria, especially a son or male-line grandson of an emperor

/ˈkriː.oʊl/ a natural language that developed in a contact community from elements of two or more languages and became a community's first language

/ˈvæsəl/ a person holding a fief

/ˈʃɛvrən/ a V-shaped or inverted-V-shaped mark, pattern, or structure

/ˈɑbəlɪsk/ a tall, four-sided stone pillar that tapers to a pyramidal point, often erected as a monument

/ˈɛpɪˌtæf/ an inscription on a grave or monument commemorating the person buried there

/bɔːr/ historical: a Dutch-speaking settler or farmer in southern Africa, especially an ancestor of the Afrikaner population

/ˈtɑːməˌhɔːk/ a light axe or hatchet associated historically with Indigenous peoples of North America and later made in many specialized forms

/ˈkɝtsi/ a formal gesture of greeting or respect made by bending the knees and lowering the body

/ˌniːoʊˈlɪθɪk/ the final major phase of the Stone Age, associated in many regions with farming, permanent settlements, and polished stone tools

/fiːf/ historical: land, revenue, or another right held from a feudal superior in return for allegiance and service

Materials & Substances (227)

/dʒəˈpæn/ a hard, usually dark lacquer or enamel used to give wood or metal a durable glossy finish

/ˈæm.bɚ/ a hard, translucent yellow or brown fossil resin, often used in jewelry and sometimes containing preserved organisms

/blɑnd/ being or having light colored skin and hair and usually blue or grey eyes

/sæl/ salt, especially in traditional chemical or pharmaceutical names such as sal volatile

/pɪɹ/ A raised platform built from the shore out over water, supported on piles; used to secure, or provide access to shipping; a jetty.

/ˈd͡ʒæs.pɚ/ an opaque, impure variety of chalcedony occurring in red, yellow, brown, green, and other colors and used as a gemstone or ornamental stone

/ˈleɪs/ draw through eyes or holes

/ˈɹɛzɪdjuː/ A small amount of something that is left behind after the rest is gone.

/ˈsplɪn.tɚ/ A small, thin, sharp piece of wood, glass, or metal.

/sɝːdʒ/ a strong twill-weave fabric, traditionally made of wool or worsted and often used for suits and uniforms

/mʌk/ dirt, mud, manure, or other wet and unpleasant matter

/ˈfa.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ wood used for fuel

/klɑt/ to coalesce or unite in a mass

/plæˈtoʊ/ A comparatively stable level after a period of increase. (of a varying quantity)

/slæb/ A large, flat, thick piece of solid material such as stone, concrete, or wood.

/kəˈmɑdəti/ A raw material or basic product that is bought and sold in large amounts, such as oil or grain.

/ʃɔl/ A square or rectangular piece of cloth worn as a covering for the head, neck, and shoulders, typically by women.

/jɑɹn/ A story, a tale, especially one that is incredible.

/ˈɡæɹɪt/ An attic or semi-finished room just beneath the roof of a house.

/ˈɡʌni/ a coarse, strong fabric made from jute or hemp, especially for sacks

/ˈroʊzˌwʊd/ a dense, dark reddish or purplish hardwood with a strongly marked grain, valued for furniture and decorative work

/ˈoʊpəl/ a translucent form of hydrated silica, often used as a gemstone and prized for flashes of changing color

/ˈkæʃ.mɪr/ very fine, soft fiber obtained from the undercoat of cashmere goats

/ˈkɹɪp.tɑːn/ the colorless, odorless noble-gas chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36

Tools, Machines & Construction (130)

/tɹɛnt͡ʃ/ a long, narrow ditch dug in the ground

/ˈdɛrɪk/ a crane with a movable boom, especially one used aboard a ship or at a construction site

/speɪ̯d/ a digging tool with a flat blade and a handle

/ˈbuːi/ a Bowie knife: a large, heavy, single-edged sheath knife with a clipped point

/ˈbæɹoʊ/ a small handcart used for carrying loads

/huːp/ a rigid circular or curved band of metal, wood, or another material, used for holding, fastening, hanging, or forming a framework

/məˈʃɛ.ti/ a large heavy knife used for cutting vegetation or as a weapon

/ˈɑːrmɝi/ A building where weapons and military equipment are stored.

/kənˈtræpʃən/ A strange or overly complicated machine or device.

/drɛdʒ/ to remove mud, sand, or other material from the bottom of a body of water with a dredge

/wɪɹ/ a low dam built across a stream or river to raise the water level, regulate it, or divert its flow

/ˈsɪkəl/ a short-handled agricultural tool with a curved blade, used for cutting grain or grass

/ˈæk.səl/ a shaft or pin on which a wheel or other rotating part turns

/hɑːrˈpuːn/ a heavy spear with a barbed head, usually attached to a line, thrown or fired to catch whales and other large aquatic animals

/ˈpɛɹɪskəʊp/ an optical instrument that provides a view of an otherwise obstructed field

/ˈlɪɡ.ə.tʃɚ/ a cord, band, or other fastening used to bind things together

/ˈbloʊˌtɔɹtʃ/ a portable burner that produces a very hot, concentrated flame by mixing fuel gas with air or oxygen

sledgehammer C2

/ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmɚ/ a large, heavy hammer with a long handle, used for powerful blows in demolition or construction

/ɡəˈziːboʊ/ a small roofed building affording shade and rest

/ˈmɛɡəˌfoʊn/ a cone-shaped acoustic device held to the mouth to intensify and direct the human voice

/ˈɡɑrɡɔɪl/ a grotesquely carved waterspout that carries rainwater away from a building

/sluːs/ an artificial channel or gate that controls a rapid flow of water

/sɪv/ a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom used to separate fine particles from coarse ones

/ˈsmɪði/ a workshop where a smith heats, shapes, and repairs metal; a forge

Energy & Industry (23)

/ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/ a unit of power equal to 746 watts

/ˈstoʊ.kɚ/ a worker who feeds fuel to and tends a furnace or boiler, especially on a steamship or steam train

/ˈsɑːˌmɪl/ a factory or mill where logs are cut into boards and other lumber

/ˈsɪndɚ/ a small piece of partly burned coal, wood, or other material

thermonuclear C2

/ˌθɜɹ.moʊˈn(j)uk.li.əɹ/ relating to nuclear fusion reactions that occur or are initiated at extremely high temperatures

/ˈtænəɹi/ A place where people tan hides to make leather.

/dəɹəˈbɪləti/ permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force

/ˈkɑljəri/ a coal mine together with its surface buildings and equipment

/ˈdɪɡ.ɪŋz/ an area where miners dig for gold or other valuable minerals

/bɹɪˈkɛt/ a small compressed block of combustible material, especially charcoal or coal dust, used as fuel

/ˈplæsɚ/ a surface or near-surface deposit of sand or gravel containing particles of a valuable mineral, especially gold

/ˈɡæs.wɝːks/ a factory where fuel gas is produced, stored, or distributed

/ˈæm.pəɹ.əd͡ʒ/ the strength of an electrical current measured in amperes

/ˈkɔrdˌwʊd/ firewood cut into lengths and stacked or sold by the cord

/ˈlɪɡnaɪt/ a soft, brownish-black, low-grade coal intermediate between peat and bituminous coal

/ˈstænəri/ historical, usually plural: one of the tin-mining districts of Cornwall and Devon, together with its mines, works, and special legal institutions

/ˈwʊdˌjɑːrd/ a yard where timber or firewood is stored, cut, processed, or sold

/ˈbrɪkˌfiːld/ chiefly British, historical: a place where clay is dug and bricks are made or fired; a brickyard

/ˈlaɪmˌkɪln/ a kiln or furnace in which limestone or shells are burned to produce lime

/ˈsɪkəfənsi/ excessive flattery, servile compliance, or obsequious behavior intended to gain favor or advantage from someone in power

/ˈstel.əˌreɪ.tɚ/ a device that confines hot plasma for nuclear-fusion research using a twisted arrangement of external magnetic coils

/ˈtænˌjɑːrd/ the part of a tannery containing the vats and working area where hides are tanned

/ˈsɔːˌlɔɡ/ a log of suitable size and quality to be sawn into lumber at a sawmill

Safety & Risk (24)

/ˈmɛnɪs/ Something or someone that is a danger or threat.

/kɹæmp/ to secure with a cramp

/ˌɹɛt.ɹɪˈbju.ʃən/ the act of taking revenge, such as harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done, especially in the next life

/ˈfɔːlˌaʊt/ the harmful or unpleasant consequences that follow an event or decision

/ənˈtreɪsəbəl/ incapable of being traced or tracked down

/ˈmɛnɪsɪŋ/ Seeming dangerous and likely to cause harm; threatening.

/məˈruːn/ to leave someone stranded and isolated in a remote place, especially an island

/ɪnˈsɪdi.əs/ working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way

/ˈkɔʃəˌnɛɹi/ Serving to caution or warn; admonitory

/ˈkoʊstɡɑːrd/ chiefly British, an official employed to watch coastal waters, help vessels in danger, and enforce maritime law

conflagration C2

/ˌkɑnfləˈɡɹeɪʃən/ a large, destructive, and uncontrolled fire

/ˈkrɔːsˌboʊnz/ two bones depicted or placed diagonally across one another, especially beneath a skull as a warning of danger or death

catastrophically C2

In a way that causes a disaster or terrible damage.

/ˈmɛnəsɪŋli/ In a threatening way that suggests danger.

/ɪnˈflæməbəl/ easily set on fire; flammable

/ənˈwɛri/ not alert to danger or deception

overexposure C2

/ˌoʊ.vɚ.ɪkˈspoʊ.ʒɚ/ excessive exposure to something, especially something harmful such as radiation or sunlight

/ɪmˈper.əl/ formal: to put a person, thing, or undertaking at serious risk of harm, loss, or destruction

/ɪnˈkɑʃəs/ not sufficiently cautious; acting or speaking without proper care

/ˈtɑksɪn/ a bell or bell signal sounded to warn people of danger

/prəˈmɑnəˌtɔri/ serving as an advance warning or indication of something that is about to happen

calamitously C2

In a way that causes great damage or disaster.

/ɪmˈpɛnd/ to be imminent or about to happen, especially as a threat or danger

/əˈvɝtɚ/ a person, power, or thing that prevents or turns away danger, harm, or another unwanted event

Social Issues & Human Rights (23)

/ˈnɪɡɚ/ extremely offensive racial slur directed at a Black person; included for understanding historical texts, never as a neutral term

/ˈɔːr.fən.ɪdʒ/ a residential institution that houses and cares for children without parents or guardians

/ˈniɡroʊ/ dated and now generally offensive: a historical racial label for a Black person; retained in quotations and some historical institutional names

/ˈbɹɔθəl/ a building where prostitutes are available

prostitution C2

/ˌprɑː.stəˈtuː.ʃən/ the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for money or other payment

/ˈwɝkˌhaʊs/ historically in Britain, an institution where poor people received lodging and food in return for compulsory labor

/ˈskwɑlɚ/ a state of extreme dirtiness and unpleasant living conditions, often caused by neglect or poverty

/ˈfriːd.mən/ a man who has been released from slavery, especially when his legal status is distinguished from that of a freeborn person

/mʊˈlɑː.t̬oʊ/ offensive and dated: a historical racial label for a person of mixed Black and white ancestry, especially someone with one Black and one white parent

/ˈpʊrˌhaʊs/ historical: an institution maintained to house and support poor or homeless people, often under harsh conditions

abolitionist C2

/ˌæbəˈlɪʃənɪst/ historical: a person who campaigned to end slavery, especially in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Atlantic world

/ˈfɹiːˌbɔɹn/ born free rather than into slavery or bondage

maltreatment C2

/mælˈtriːtmənt/ cruel, violent, neglectful, or otherwise harmful treatment of a person or animal

/ˈstɪɡ.mə.taɪz/ to describe or treat a person or group as shameful, disgraceful, or socially unacceptable

/ˈɑmzˌhaʊs/ a residence provided by a charity for poor, elderly, or disabled people, often in a historically endowed building

/ˈhɑɹlətri/ dated and disparaging: prostitution, or the practice of engaging in sex for payment

/ˈpɛd.ə.ɹæs.ti/ sexual relations between an adult man and an adolescent boy

/ɪnˈfræntʃaɪz/ to give a person or group the legal right to vote

/ˈbɑːnd.mən/ historical: an enslaved man held in personal bondage

/ˌæn.ti.səˈmɪt.ɪk/ hostile, prejudiced, or discriminatory toward Jewish people

/ˌæn.t̬iˈsem.aɪt/ a person who is prejudiced against, hostile toward, or discriminatory toward Jewish people

/juːˈdʒen.ɪst/ historical: an advocate or practitioner of eugenics, the discredited program of attempting to control human reproduction according to supposed hereditary quality

disfranchise C2

/dɪsˈfræntʃaɪz/ to deprive a person or group of the right to vote or of another civil right

Ethics & Social Judgment (111)

/ˈ(h)ɑmɪd͡ʒ/ An artistic work imitating another in a flattering style.

/pɚˈvɝs/ Deliberately behaving in a way that is unreasonable or contrary to what is expected.

/fiˈæs.koʊ/ A sudden or unexpected failure.

/ɪɡˈzɛmplɚi/ extremely good and worthy of being copied or admired

/ɹɪˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ To criticize or blame someone for something they have done.

/ˈʃɪvəlɹi/ honourable, generous, and courteous conduct, especially toward someone perceived as vulnerable

/neɪv/ dated: a dishonest, deceitful, or unscrupulous man

unscrupulous C2

/ˌʌnˈskɹuːpjʊləs/ Without scruples; immoral.

/ˈmɜːsɪləslɪ/ without pity or mercy

/dɪˈbɔ.t͡ʃə.ɹi/ An excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures; scandalous and immoral activities; involving sex, alcohol, or drugs without inhibition.

/ˌmɪs.bɪˈheɪv/ to behave badly, improperly, or contrary to rules or expectations

/ˈbɪɡət/ a person who is obstinately prejudiced against people with different identities, beliefs, or opinions

/ˈɪdiəsi/ extremely foolish behavior, an absurd act, or a serious lack of good judgment

/ˈoʊ.di.əs/ unequivocally detestable

/ɪmˈpjuːnɪti/ Freedom from punishment or retribution; security from any reprisal or injurious consequences of an action, behaviour etc.

/ˈfeɪθləs/ disloyal, unreliable, or unworthy of trust

/ʌnˈseɪ.vɚ.i/ morally offensive, disreputable, or suggestive of improper conduct

/ˌjuː.θəˈneɪ.ʒə/ the intentional ending of a person or animal's life in a painless way to relieve incurable suffering

/ˌʌnprəˈvoʊkt/ occurring without provocation, justification, or an apparent motivating act

/ˈʌndɝˈhændɪd/ marked by deception

/ˈsævɪdʒəri/ extreme cruelty or violent brutality

/ˈvɪlənəs/ extremely wicked

/sɪˈduːsɝ/ a person who deliberately attracts or persuades someone into a sexual relationship, often insincerely or manipulatively

/ˈvɪləni/ wicked, criminal, or treacherous behavior or character

Cause, Change & Process (101)

/ˈpiː.tɚ/ usually peter out: to diminish gradually in strength, quantity, or activity and finally stop

/nɑt͡ʃ/ a V-shaped or U-shaped indentation carved or scratched into a surface

/ˈdɛnt/ an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening)

/ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/ make timid or fearful

/səˈblaɪm/ lifted up or set high

/wɪt/ Whitsunday.

/ˈpɑmpəs/ Affectedly grand, solemn or self-important.

/sʈɛb(ɪ)ˈlaɪz/ To make something steady and stop it from changing or moving, or to become steady.

/ˈɹɛkənˌsaɪl/ To make two ideas, facts, or needs fit together when they seem to conflict.

reconciliation C2

/ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ The act of becoming friendly again after a quarrel.

/ɪnˈduːs/ To cause something to happen or to produce a particular effect.

/ˈɹɪŋkl̩/ a clever method of doing something, especially something new and different

/ɪˈɹæd.ɪ.keɪt/ to destroy or remove something completely, especially a disease, problem, or harmful practice

/ˈsɔɹ.sə.ɹi/ magic; spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world

/kəmˈbʌs.t͡ʃən/ The process of burning, in which a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light.

/ɡɹeɪt/ make a grating or grinding sound by rubbing together

/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ To become smaller, weaker, or less; or to make something smaller or less.

/ɪnˈfæl.ɪ.bl̩/ Never wrong; incapable of making a mistake.

/ˈpɑːmp/ To make a pompous display.

/ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹæɪt/ lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue

/mɔː(ɹ)f/ change shape as via computer animation

/ˌsmɪðəˈriːnz/ very small fragments produced when something is shattered or destroyed

/spɝt/ to gush out suddenly and forcefully in a stream or jet

/əˌsɪmˌleʈ/ To take in and fully understand new information or ideas.

Abstract Ideas (136)

/kəˈlæmɪti/ An event that causes great harm, loss, or suffering; a disaster.

technicality C2

/ˌtɛk.nɪˈkæl.ə.ti/ a small or specialized rule or detail that can have an important practical consequence

/ˈvɪd͡ʒɪlɪns/ vigilant attentiveness

/mɑːnˈstrɑːsəti/ something hideous or frightful

/ˌsɛn(t)səˈbɪləti/ refined sensitivity to pleasurable or painful impressions

/suˈpɝflu.əs/ More than is needed; unnecessary.

/trænˈsend/ to go beyond the ordinary limits, range, or physical constraints of something

/ˈbæsti.ən/ a group that defends a principle

/ˈtɛsti/ easily irritated or annoyed

/fjuˈtɪləti/ the quality of being pointless or incapable of producing a useful result

/ˈskɛp.tɪˌsɪ.zəm/ doubt about the truth of something

/ˈkæti/ marked by or arising from malice

/ˈsemɪnəl/ strongly influencing later ideas, work, or developments; formative and original

disintegration C2

/dɪsˌɪnd.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ a loss (or serious disruption) of organization in some system

/fɹuˈɪʃən/ The point at which a plan or effort is finally achieved and produces results.

/ləˈdʒɪstɪk/ relating to the detailed organization and movement of people, materials, or equipment

/dɪˈnoʊt/ To be a sign of something; to indicate.

individualism C2

/ˌɪndɪvɪˈduːəˌlɪzəm/ The belief that the freedom and self-reliance of each person matter more than the group or the state.

/ˈpɪθi/ concise and full of meaning

happenstance C2

/ˈhæpənˌstæns/ A chance event; something that happens by luck rather than planning.

/ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/ A feeling or idea that a word suggests, beyond its literal meaning.

/ˈskɪzəm/ division of a group into opposing factions

/ˌresɪˈprɑːsəti/ the practice or expectation of exchanging comparable actions, help, feelings, or advantages for mutual benefit

/ˈpræɡməˌtɪzəm/ a philosophical tradition that evaluates ideas partly through their practical consequences and role in inquiry

Actions & Processes (157)

/tʌk/ to push or fold something into a safe, hidden, or close-fitting place

/t͡ʃænt/ to utter monotonously and repetitively and rhythmically

/ˈklæmp/ to impose or inflict forcefully

/ˈriːfɪl/ to fill a container or supply again after some or all of its contents have been used

/ˈɔɹd͡ʒi/ any act of immoderate indulgence

/ɛksˈheɪl/ give out (breath or an odor)

/ɪkˈstɝ.mɪ.neɪt/ kill en masse

/dɪˈspɝs/ To spread out or scatter in different directions, or to make a group do so.

/ɪɡˈnaɪt/ arouse or excite feelings and passions

/wiːld/ to hold and use a tool, weapon, or object effectively

/diːˈpreɪvd/ Morally corrupt; wicked and disturbing.

/diˈnaʊns/ To criticize someone or something strongly and publicly.

/ˈʃɹæʊ̯d/ cover as if with a shroud

/nʌd͡ʒ/ to push against gently

/əˈveɪl/ to use to one's advantage

/taʊt/ advertize in strongly positive terms

/d͡ʒoʊlt/ a sudden jarring impact

/ɪnˈdʌl.d͡ʒəns/ Something you allow yourself to enjoy as a special treat.

/ˈswɪnd(ə)l/ deprive of by deceit

/ˈhɪndɚ/ To make it harder for something to happen or for someone to do something.

/flɔnt/ to display something ostentatiously so that it attracts notice or admiration

/ˈdʒɪɡ.əl/ to move or cause something to move with quick, small movements from side to side or up and down

/ˈsɛləbət/ abstaining from sexual intercourse

/ˈdæb.əl/ to take part in an activity casually or without serious commitment

Word Formation & Derivatives (12)

/ˈɪŋklɪŋ/ a slight suggestion or vague understanding

/ˈɪz.əm/ a distinctive doctrine, theory, cause, or movement, especially one named with the suffix -ism

/ˌɛtəˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ the study of the origins and historical development of words

etymological C2

/ˌɛtɪməˈlɑdʒɪkəl/ relating to etymology or the historical origin and development of words

/ˈkɑɡn(e)ɪt/ related in origin, nature, or character

/ɹɪˈduːplɪˌkeɪt/ to repeat, copy, or double something

/niˌɑləˈdʒɪstɪk/ relating to, involving, or characterized by newly coined words, phrases, or meanings

Register & Style (329)

/lɑ/ an archaic exclamation expressing surprise, emphasis, or mild protest

/ˈɡɪmiː/ informal: a written representation of the rapid pronunciation of give me

/slʌt/ offensive: a person, especially a woman, contemptuously judged to be sexually promiscuous

/ˈsʌni/ an informal, often affectionate form of address to a boy or younger man

/loʊ/ archaic or literary: used to call attention to something surprising or important

/ˈfæɡ.ət/ historical: a bundle of sticks or branches bound together for fuel

/jɑː/ a dialect or eye-dialect spelling of you

/fɹɪts/ the state of being defective.

/ɹæft/ make into a raft

/jɚ/ nonstandard pronunciation spelling of your

/mʌt/ informal: a foolish, contemptible, or irritating person

/hæɡ/ an insulting term for an old woman regarded as ugly, unpleasant, or frightening

/ʃæɡ/ strong, coarse-cut tobacco

/ˈɡɑli/ a mild, old-fashioned expression of surprise, alarm, or enthusiasm

/fʌd͡ʒ/ A type of very sweet candy or confection, usually made from sugar, butter, and milk or cream.

/ɡɪt/ an eye-dialect or pronunciation spelling of get

/wɛntʃ/ a girl or young woman; now dated and often humorous, dismissive, or offensive

/ˈgɝːli/ informal, often dated: a girl or young woman, sometimes used as an affectionate form of address

/ˈdæmzəl/ dated or literary: a young unmarried woman, especially one of noble birth

/əˈbɛd/ in bed, especially while resting, sleeping, or remaining there later than usual

/ˈfɛɹɪt/ domesticated albino variety of the European polecat bred for hunting rats and rabbits

/ˈuːbɚ/ informal: extreme, outstanding, or superior to others of its kind

/səbˈvɝsɪv/ Intending to subvert, overturn, undermine or debase.

/ˈɛskɪmoʊ/ historical collective label for Inuit and Yupik peoples and related Arctic communities; now often considered outdated or offensive, especially in Canada and Greenland

General Vocabulary (45)

/sɪˈɡɑɹ/ a roll of tobacco leaves made to be smoked

/fɪlθ/ disgusting dirt, refuse, or other foul matter

/dʒæɡ/ a sharp projection or rough point on an edge or surface

/lɔx/ in Scotland, a lake or a narrow arm of the sea

/kəˈɹɪzmə/ a personal attractiveness or interestingness that enables you to influence others

/ˈstɑː(ɹ)laɪt/ Light emitted from stars.

/ˌɑɹ.məˈɡɛ.dn̩/ the end of the world

/dɛm/ Clipping of Democrat.

/ˈhaɪn(d)saɪt/ Understanding of an event only after it has already happened.

/ˈsmʌdʒ/ a blemish made by dirt

/kɹʌt͡ʃ/ anything that serves as an expedient

/ˈsælvoʊ/ a sudden outburst of cheers

/ləˈbaɪˌdoʊ/ a Freudian term for sexual urge or desire

/smʌt/ sexually explicit or obscene writing, images, or other material, especially when regarded as having little artistic value

/ˈrʌmɪdʒ/ a thorough search for something, often causing disorder or confusion

/troʊv/ a valuable or interesting collection of things, especially one that has been discovered

paraphernalia C2

/ˌpɛɹəfɚˈneɪli.ə/ a collection of miscellaneous equipment or objects used for a particular activity

/vɔɪˈjɜɹ/ a viewer who enjoys seeing the sex acts or sex organs of others

/hʌˈləʊ/ an expression of greeting

/ˈθɹoʊ.bæk/ a reappearance of an ancestral trait or a person or thing resembling an earlier type

/ˈzɛl.ət/ a fervent and even militant proponent of something

/ˈsaɪ.ən/ a descendent or heir

/ˈmɪlkmeɪd/ a woman who works in a dairy

/ˈɡoʊɚ/ One who, or that which, goes.