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Word
English Vocabulary
Pick a CEFR level (A1–C2, plus C2+ for rare words beyond the CEFR scale) — A1 is the friendliest place to start — and browse its words grouped by topic: travel, food, the body, emotions, and more. Each word shows its meaning, example sentences, and US/UK pronunciation.
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All 27,899 wordsC2+ is beyond the official CEFR scale: rare, specialist, and literary words kept for reference.
27899 words
Grammar & Function Words(319)
you
A1
/jə/
The person or people being spoken to, as the subject of a sentence.
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I
A1
/aɪ/
The word a speaker or writer uses to refer to themselves as the subject of a sentence.
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the
A1
/ðə/
Used before a noun to refer to a specific person or thing already known or mentioned.
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to
A1
/tuː/
In the direction of; so as to reach a place.
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a
A1
/eɪ/
used before a noun to refer to one person or thing that is not specific or not already known
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it
A1
/ɪt/
Used to refer to a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
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and
A1
/ænd/
Used to join two words, phrases, or sentences that are taken together.
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that
A1
/ðət/
Used to introduce a clause stating what someone says, thinks, or believes.
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of
A1
/ʌv/
Belonging to or connected with someone or something.
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is
A1
/ɪz/
Third-person singular present tense of be
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in
A1
/ɪn/
Inside a place, container, or area.
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what
A1
/wʌt/
Used to ask for information about a thing or situation.
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we
A1
/wi/
Used by a speaker to refer to themselves and one or more other people.
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me
A1
/mi/
The form of 'I' used as the object of a verb or preposition.
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this
A1
/ðɪs/
Referring to a person or thing that is here or nearby.
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he
A1
/ˈhiː/
Used to refer to a male person or animal already mentioned or known.
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for
A1
/fɔɹ/
Intended to belong to or be given to someone.
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my
A1
/maɪ/
Belonging to or connected with me.
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on
A1
/ɔn/
Working, active, or switched to operate.
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have
A1
/hæv/
To own or possess something.
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your
A1
/jɔː(ɹ)/
Belonging to or connected with you.
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was
A1
/wəz/
Past tense of "be" used with I, he, she, or it.
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no
A1
/noʊ/
Used to give a negative answer or to refuse or disagree.
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not
A1
/nɑt/
Used to make a word or sentence negative.
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Numbers & Quantity(83)
two
A1
/tu/
The number 2, equal to one plus one.
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first
A1
/fɚst/
Coming before all others in time, order, or position.
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lot
A1
/lɑt/
A large amount or number of something.
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enough
A2
/ɪˈnʌf/
As much or as many as needed.
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three
A1
/θriː/
The number 3.
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once
A1
/wʌn(t)s/
One single time.
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five
A1
/faɪv/
The number 5; one more than four.
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four
A1
/foɹ/
The number 4; one more than three.
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number
A1
/ˈnʌmbər/
A word or symbol like 5, 100, or 3.14 that tells you how many or which one.
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cut
A1
/kʌt/
A reduction in the amount, number, or size of something.
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half
A1
/ˈhæf/
One of two equal parts of something.
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six
A1
/sɪks/
the number 6, coming after five and before seven
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ten
A1
/tɛn/
The number 10, which comes after nine and before eleven.
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million
A2
/ˈmɪl.jən/
The number 1,000,000.
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seven
A1
/ˈsɛvən/
The number 7, coming after six and before eight.
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single
A2
/ˈsɪŋɡəl/
Only one; not more than one.
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eight
A1
/eɪt/
The number 8, coming after seven and before nine.
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third
A2
/θɚd/
Coming after the second in order or position.
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hundred
A2
/ˈhʌn dɹəd/
The number 100.
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thousand
A2
/ˈθaʊz(ə)n(d)/
The number 1,000.
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nine
A1
/naɪn/
The number 9, coming after eight and before ten.
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twice
A2
/twaɪs/
Two times.
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double
A2
/ˈdʌbəl/
Twice as much, as many, or as big.
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total
B1
/ˈtoʊ.tl̩/
Complete; absolute; with nothing left out.
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Space, Position & Direction(122)
there
A1
/ðɛr/
In or at that place, away from the speaker.
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here
A1
/ˈhɪɚ̯/
In or at this place, where the speaker is.
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right
A1
/ɹaɪt/
Correct in opinion or fact; not mistaken.
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up
A1
/ʌp/
Toward or in a higher position.
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back
A1
/bæk/
To or toward the place, position, or time something came from.
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down
A1
/daʊn/
From a higher to a lower place or position.
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left
A1
/ˈɫɛft/
On the side of the body where the heart is; the opposite of right.
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far
A2
/fɑɹ/
At, to, or from a great distance.
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inside
A2
/ˈɪnsaɪd/
Within a building or enclosed space; indoors.
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side
A2
/saɪd/
One of the flat outer surfaces of an object.
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front
A1
/fɹʌnt/
The part of something that faces forward or is nearest the viewer.
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outside
A1
/ˈaʊt.saɪd/
Not inside a building; in the open air.
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top
A2
/tɑp/
The highest part or surface of something.
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choice
A2
/tʃɔɪs/
The chance or right to choose between two or more things.
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near
A1
/nɪɚ/
A short distance from someone or something.
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middle
A2
/ˈmɪdl̩/
The part of something that is the same distance from both ends or all sides.
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space
A2
/speɪs/
An empty area between or around things that can be used or filled.
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forward
A2
/ˈfɔɹwəɹd/
Toward the front; in the direction ahead.
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position
A2
/pəˈzɪʃən/
The place where someone or something is.
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south
A2
/ˈsɐʊ̯θ/
The direction that is opposite to north; one of the four main compass points.
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north
A2
/noɹθ/
The direction that is on your left when you face the rising sun; one of the four main points of the compass.
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planet
A2
/ˈplænət/
A large round object in space that moves around a star such as the Sun.
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west
A2
/wɛst/
The direction where the sun sets, opposite to east.
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sky
A2
/ˈskaɪ/
the space above the earth where you can see the sun, clouds, and stars
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Time(103)
time
A1
/tɑɪm/
What is measured in hours, minutes, days, and years; the continued passing of existence.
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day
A1
/deɪ/
A period of 24 hours.
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night
A1
/ˈnaɪt/
The time between sunset and sunrise, when it is dark.
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today
A1
/təˈdeɪ/
On this day, not yesterday or tomorrow.
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morning
A1
/ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/
The early part of the day, from when the sun rises until noon.
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tomorrow
A1
/təˈmɑroʊ/
On the day after today.
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year
A1
/jɪɹ/
A period of 365 days, or twelve months.
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second
A1
/ˈsɛk.ənd/
coming right after the first in order, time, or position
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minute¹
A1
/ˈmɪnɪt/
A unit of time equal to sixty seconds.
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minute²
C1
[maɪ̯ˈn(j)u̟(ː)t]
Extremely small.
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moment
A1
/ˈmoʊmənt/
A very short period of time.
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week
A1
/wiːk/
A period of seven days, especially counted from Monday to Sunday.
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hour
A1
/aʊɚ/
A period of time lasting sixty minutes.
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past
A1
/past/
The time that has already happened, before now.
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evening
A1
/ˈivnɪŋ/
The part of the day between the afternoon and the night.
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date
A1
/deɪt/
The particular day, month, and year when something happens.
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future
A1
/ˈfju.t͡ʃɚ/
The time that is still to come.
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yesterday
A1
/ˈjɛstɹdeɪ/
On the day before today.
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age
A1
/eɪd͡ʒ/
How many years someone or something has lived or existed.
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birthday
A1
/ˈbɝθˌdeɪ/
The day each year that is the anniversary of the day you were born.
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month
A1
/mʌnθ/
One of the twelve parts the year is divided into.
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present¹
A1
/ˈpɹɛz.ənt/
Something you give to someone as a gift.
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present²
B1
/pɹɪˈzɛnt/
To give, show, or offer something formally.
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afternoon
A1
/ˌæf.tɚˈnun/
The part of the day between noon and the evening.
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People & Society(2,191)
man
A1
/mæn/
An adult male human being.
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people
A1
/ˈpi.pəl/
Human beings in general, considered as a group.
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sorry
A1
/ˈsɑɹ.i/
Said to apologize or to politely get someone's attention.
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sir
A2
/sɝ/
a polite way of addressing a man, especially one you do not know or who is older or more important
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guy
A2
/ɡaɪ/
A man or boy (informal).
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hello
A1
/hɛˈloʊ/
A word you say to greet someone.
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girl
A1
/ˈɡɜɹl/
A female child.
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thanks
A1
/ˈθæŋks/
Used to tell someone you are grateful.
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woman
A1
/ˈwʊmən/
An adult female human.
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hi
A1
/haɪ/
A friendly, informal greeting said when you meet someone.
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friend
A1
/frɛnd/
A person you know well and like, and who is not a family member.
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boy
A1
/bɔɪ/
A male child.
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baby
A1
/ˈbeɪbi/
A very young child who cannot yet walk or talk.
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person
A1
/ˈpɜɹ.sən/
A human being.
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kid
A2
/kɪd/
A child or young person (informal).
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story
A1
/ˈstɔ.ɹi/
An account of real or imaginary events, told to entertain people.
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Mr.
A1
/ˈmɪstɝ/
A title used before a man's name or surname.
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child
A1
/tʃaɪld/
A young human being who is not yet an adult.
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lady
A2
/ˈleɪ.di/
A polite word for a woman.
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welcome
A1
/ˈwɛlkəm/
Said to greet someone in a friendly way when they arrive.
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lord
B2
/lɔɹd/
A man of high rank in the nobility, or his title.
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captain
A2
/ˈkæp.tən/
The person in charge of a ship or aircraft.
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king
A2
/ˈkiŋ/
A man who rules a country, usually because of his royal family; a male monarch.
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sort
B1
/soɹt/
A type or kind of thing or person.
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Family & Relationships(181)
father
A1
/ˈfɑ.ðəɹ/
A male parent.
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dad
A1
/dæd/
A father; a male parent (informal).
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mother
A1
/ˈmʌðɚ/
A female parent; a woman who has or raises a child.
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son
A1
/sʌn/
A person's male child.
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mom
A1
/mɑm/
Mother (informal).
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family
A1
/ˈfæ.m(ə )li/
A group of people who are related, especially parents and their children.
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brother
A1
/ˈbɹʌðɚ/
A boy or man who has the same parents as you
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wife
A1
/waɪf/
The woman a man is married to.
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daughter
A1
/ˈdɔ.tɚ/
A person's female child.
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husband
A1
/ˈhʌzbənd/
The man that a woman is married to.
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married
A2
/ˈmæɹ.id/
Having a husband or a wife.
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sister
A1
/ˈsɪs.tɚ/
a girl or woman who has the same parents as you
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uncle
A1
/ˈʌŋ.kl̩/
The brother of your mother or father, or your aunt's husband.
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daddy
A1
/ˈdæd.i/
A father; used especially by or to young children (informal).
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marriage
B1
/ˈmæɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
The legal or formal union of two people as partners for life.
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mum
A1
/mʌm/
A child's word for mother.
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relationship
B1
/ɹəˈleɪʃ(ə)nˌʃɪp/
The way in which two or more people, groups, or things are connected or behave toward each other.
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boyfriend
A1
/ˈbɔɪˌfɹɛnd/
A male partner in a romantic relationship.
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partner
A1
/ˈpɑɹt.nɚ/
A person you do an activity or share a business with.
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aunt
A1
/ɑːnt/
The sister of your mother or father, or your uncle's wife.
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cousin
A1
/ˈkʌz(ə)n/
The child of your aunt or uncle.
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birth
A2
/bɜɹθ/
The time when a baby is born or comes out of its mother.
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divorce
B2
/dɪˈvoɹs/
The legal ending of a marriage.
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grandfather
A1
/ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/
The father of your father or mother.
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Emotions & Feelings(214)
like
A1
/laɪ̯k/
To enjoy something or find it pleasant.
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love
A1
/lʌv/
To care very deeply about someone.
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happy
A1
/ˈhæpi/
Feeling or showing pleasure and joy.
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hope
A1
/hoʊp/
To want something to happen and believe it might.
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afraid
A1
/əˈfɹeɪd/
Feeling fear; frightened of someone or something.
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hate
A2
/heɪt/
To dislike someone or something very strongly.
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feeling
A1
/ˈfi.lɪŋ/
An emotion such as happiness, sadness, or fear.
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fear
A2
/fɪɚ/
A strong, unpleasant feeling caused by danger or the thought of something bad.
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surprise
A2
/sɚˈpɹaɪ̯z/
The feeling caused when something unexpected happens.
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proud
B1
/ˈpɹæʊ̯d/
Feeling happy and satisfied about something you or someone close to you has done.
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angry
A1
/ˈæŋ.ɡɹi/
Feeling or showing strong displeasure or annoyance.
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sad
A1
/sæd/
Feeling unhappy, especially because something bad has happened.
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pleasure
B1
/ˈplɛʒɚ/
A feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction.
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nervous
A2
/ˈnɝːvəs/
Worried or slightly frightened about something.
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pressure
A2
/ˈprɛʃɚ/
A feeling of stress caused by demands or difficulties.
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interest
A2
/ˈɪn.tɹɛst/
a feeling of wanting to know about or take part in something.
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excited
A1
/ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/
Feeling very happy and eager about something that is going to happen.
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shame
B1
/ʃeɪm/
A painful feeling of guilt or embarrassment about something you have done.
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jealous
B1
/ˈd͡ʒɛ.ləs/
Unhappy because you want something that someone else has.
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joy
A2
/d͡ʒɔɪ/
A feeling of great happiness.
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lonely
B1
/ˈloʊnli/
Unhappy because you are alone or have no friends near you.
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happiness
A2
/ˈhæpinɪs/
The feeling of being happy; joy.
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mood
A2
/muːd/
The way you feel at a particular time.
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shock
A2
/ʃɔk/
A sudden, upsetting, or surprising event or feeling.
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Describing People(37)
kind
A1
/kaɪnd/
A group of people or things that share the same qualities; a type or category.
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smart
B1
/smɑɹt/
Intelligent and clever.
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honest
B1
/ˈɑ.nɪst/
Always telling the truth and not cheating or lying.
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patient
A2
/ˈpeɪʃənt/
Able to stay calm and wait without getting annoyed.
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brave
A2
/breɪv/
Showing courage when facing danger, difficulty, or pain.
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clever
A2
/ˈklɛv.ɚ/
Quick to learn and understand things; intelligent.
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rude
A2
/ɹud/
Not polite; behaving in a way that upsets or offends other people.
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friendly
A1
/ˈfɹɛnd.li/
Kind, warm, and easy to talk to.
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cruel
B1
/ˈkɹuːəl/
Causing pain or suffering on purpose, without caring; unkind.
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shy
B1
/ʃaɪ/
Nervous or uncomfortable around other people.
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selfish
B1
/ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/
caring only about yourself and not about other people
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generous
B1
/ˈdʒɛnɝəs/
Willing to give money, time, or help freely.
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loyal
B1
/ˈlɔɪəl/
Always supporting and staying faithful to a person, group, or cause.
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confident
A2
/ˈkɑnfɪdənt/
Feeling sure of yourself and your abilities.
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intelligent
A2
/ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/
able to learn, understand, and think clearly; clever.
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stubborn
B1
/ˈstʌbɚn/
Refusing to change your mind or do what others want.
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talented
B1
/ˈtæləntɪd/
Having a natural ability to do something very well.
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lazy
A2
/ˈleɪzi/
Not willing to work or make an effort.
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creative
A2
/kɹiˈeɪtɪv/
Having or showing original ideas and imagination.
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polite
A2
/pəˈlaɪt/
Behaving in a way that shows good manners and respect for others.
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humble
B2
/ˈhʌmbəl/
Not proud; not thinking that you are better or more important than others.
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arrogant
B2
/ˈæɹ.ə.ɡənt/
Believing you are better or more important than other people.
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sincere
B2
/sɪnˈsɪɹ/
Honest and truly meaning what you say or do; not pretending.
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cynical
C1
/ˈsɪnɪkəl/
Believing that people act only out of selfishness and expecting the worst of them.
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Describing Qualities(8,073)
just
A1
[d͡ʒʌst]
A very short time ago.
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out
A1
/aʊt/
Away from the inside of a place or container.
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now
A1
/naʊ/
At the present moment.
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well
A1
/ˈwɛl/
In a good, skilful, or satisfactory way.
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good
A1
/ɡʊd/
Of a high standard or quality; pleasing.
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really
A1
/ˈɹɪ.li/
Very or very much; used to add strength to what you say.
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too
A1
/tu/
More than is needed, wanted, or acceptable.
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very
A1
/ˈvɛri/
To a great degree; extremely.
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never
A1
/ˈnɛv.ɚ/
At no time; not at any moment.
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only
A1
/ˈoʊn.li/
Being the single one of its kind; with no others.
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little
A1
/ˈlɪ.tl̩/
Small in size or amount.
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please
A1
/pliz/
Used to make a request more polite.
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off
A1
/ɔf/
Away from a place, person, or thing.
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even
A2
/ˈi.vən/
Used to stress something surprising or unexpected.
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sure
A1
/ʃɔː(ɹ)/
Feeling certain about something; having no doubt.
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still
A1
/stɪl/
Without moving or making a sound.
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again
A1
/əˈɡɛ̟n/
One more time; once more.
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maybe
A1
/ˈmeɪ.bi/
Perhaps; possibly.
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away
A1
/əˈweɪ/
To or at a distance from a place, person, or thing.
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great
A1
/ˈɡreɪt/
Very good, excellent, or wonderful.
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last
A2
/læst/
Coming after all others; final.
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better
A1
/ˈbɛt.əɹ/
Of a higher quality or standard than something else.
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new
A1
/nju/
Made, created, or bought recently.
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always
A1
/ˈɔl.weɪz/
On every occasion; every time.
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Communication(418)
tell
A1
/tɛl/
To give someone information by speaking or writing.
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say
A1
/seɪ/
To speak words; to tell something in speech or writing.
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call
A1
/kɔl/
To telephone someone.
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talk
A1
/tɔk/
To say things; to speak to someone.
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name
A1
/neɪm/
The word or words used to identify a person, place, or thing.
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ask
A1
/æsk/
To say something to someone in order to get an answer or information.
Meaning
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word
A1
/wɜɹd/
A single unit of language that has meaning and can be spoken or written.
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read
A1
/ɹid/
To look at written or printed words and understand their meaning.
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speak
A1
/spik/
To say words using your voice.
Meaning
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question
A1
/ˈkwɛʃ.tən/
A sentence asking for information or an answer.
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answer
A1
/ˈæn.sɚ/
Something you say or write in reply to a question, letter, or request.
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write
A1
/ɹaɪt/
To make letters, words, or symbols on a surface, usually with a pen or pencil.
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voice
A2
/vɔɪs/
The sound a person makes when speaking or singing.
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explain
A2
/ɪkˈspleɪn/
To make something clear or easy to understand by describing it.
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message
A1
/ˈmɛs.ɪd͡ʒ/
A short piece of information sent from one person to another, spoken or written.
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letter
A1
/ˈlɛtɚ/
A written or printed message that you send to someone, usually by mail.
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card
A1
/kɑrd/
A piece of stiff paper, often folded, sent to someone with a message or picture.
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English
A1
/ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ/
the West Germanic language that originated in England and is now spoken in many countries around the world
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mama
B2
/ˈmɑmə/
An informal, affectionate word for mother.
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mommy
A1
/ˈmɔ.mi/
Mother (an affectionate word used especially by children).
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language
A1
/ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪd͡ʒ/
A system of words and grammar used by the people of a particular country or community to communicate.
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conversation
A1
/ˌkɑn.vəɹˈseɪ.ʃən/
A talk between two or more people in which they exchange news and ideas.
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doc
B1
/dɑk/
An informal word for a doctor.
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discuss
A1
/dɪˈskʌs/
To talk about something with other people, often to share ideas or make a decision.
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Language & Linguistics(52)
subject¹
A1
/ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/
The thing being talked or written about.
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object¹
B1
/ˈɑb.d͡ʒɛkt/
A thing that you can see and touch.
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article
A1
/ˈɑɹtɪkəl/
A piece of writing in a newspaper, magazine, or website.
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stress
B1
/stɹɛs/
Worry or mental pressure caused by a difficult situation.
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tense
B1
/tɛns/
A form of a verb that shows when an action happens, such as past, present, or future.
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register
B1
/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪ.stɚ/
To put your name on an official list in order to do something.
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rhythm
A2
/ˈɹɪð.m̩/
A regular pattern of strong and weak sounds or beats in music or speech.
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phrase
B1
/fɹeɪz/
A group of words that go together and act as a unit, but do not form a full sentence.
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context
A2
/ˈkɑn.tɛkst/
The situation or set of facts that surround an event and help you understand it.
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irony
C1
/ˈaɪ.ɹə.ni/
A situation that is strange or amusing because it is the opposite of what you expect.
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comparison
B1
/kəmˈpɛɹ.ɪ.sən/
The act of looking at how two or more things are similar or different.
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metaphor
B2
/ˈmɛt.ə.foɹ/
A way of describing something by calling it something else to suggest they are alike, without using 'like' or 'as'.
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rhyme
B2
/ˈraɪm/
To have the same ending sound as another word.
Meaning
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stem
B1
/stɛm/
The main upright part of a plant that supports the leaves and flowers.
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pun
C1
/pʌn/
a humorous or rhetorical play on words that exploits similar sounds or multiple meanings
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comma
B1
[ˈkɑ.mə]
The punctuation mark ( , ) used to separate parts of a sentence or items in a list.
Meaning
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complement
B1
/ˈkɑmpləmənt/
Something that goes well with another thing and makes it better or complete.
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jargon
C2
/ˈd͡ʒɑɹ.ɡən/
Special words and phrases used by a particular profession or group that others find hard to understand.
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syntax
C1
/ˈsɪn.tæks/
A set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences.
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hyperbole
B2
/haɪˈpɝbəli/
Deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or effect, not meant to be taken literally.
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utterance
C1
/ˈʌtəɹəns/
An act of, or the process of, uttering.
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coinage
C1
/ˈkɔɪnɪd͡ʒ/
the act of inventing a word or phrase
Meaning
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articulation
C2
/ɑɹˌtɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
The act of expressing thoughts or feelings clearly in words.
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etymology
C2
/ˌɛtəˈmɑləd͡ʒi/
the study of the origins and historical development of words
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Psychology & Behavior(68)
attention
A2
/əˈtɛn.ʃn̩/
The act of carefully watching, listening, or thinking about something.
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memory
A2
/ˈmɛm.ə.ri/
The ability of the mind to store and recall past experiences.
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learning
A2
/ˈlɝnɪŋ/
The process of gaining knowledge or skills.
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reward
B1
/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/
Something you are given for doing something good or useful.
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punishment
B1
/ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/
Something unpleasant done to someone because they have done something wrong.
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therapy
B2
/ˈθɛɹ.ə.pi/
Treatment intended to cure or relieve a health problem.
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habit
A2
/ˈhæb.ɪt/
Something you do often and almost without thinking.
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trauma
C1
/ˈtɹɔ.mə/
A deep emotional shock or wound that has lasting effects.
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counsel
C2
/ˈkaʊn.səl/
Advice or guidance, especially when serious or careful.
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suggestion
A2
/sə(ɡ)ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃən/
An idea or plan put forward for others to consider.
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consciousness
B2
/ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/
The state of being awake and able to think and notice things.
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cope
B2
/koʊp/
To deal successfully with something difficult.
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obsession
B2
/əbˈsɛʃən/
A state of thinking about something or someone all the time, in an unhealthy way.
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impulse
B2
/ˈɪmpʌls/
A sudden strong wish to do something without thinking first.
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motivation
B1
/ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/
The desire and willingness to do something.
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perception
B2
/pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
The way you understand or think about something.
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obedience
B2
/oʊˈbidiəns/
The act of doing what you are told to do by someone in authority.
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projection
B2
/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/
A prediction or estimate based on current information.
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optimism
B2
/ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/
A tendency to expect the best, or to believe that things will turn out well.
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persuasion
B2
/pɚˈsweɪʒən/
The act of getting someone to do or believe something by giving reasons.
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psychosis
C2
/saɪˈkoʊsɪs/
a severe mental state involving impaired contact with reality, often including delusions or hallucinations
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compulsion
C1
/kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/
A strong, often irresistible urge to do something.
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stereotype
B2
/ˈstɛɹ.i.əˌtaɪp/
A fixed, oversimplified idea about what a person or group is like.
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reinforcement
B2
/ˌɹiɪnˈfɔɹsmənt/
The act of making something stronger or more solid.
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Mind & Cognition(54)
know
A1
/noʊ/
To have information or facts in your mind.
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think
A1
/ˈθɪŋk/
To have an opinion or belief about something.
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believe
A1
/bɪˈliv/
To accept that something is true.
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understand
A2
/ˌʌndɚˈstænd/
To know the meaning of something; to comprehend.
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remember
A1
/ɹɪˈmɛmbɚ/
To keep something in your mind and be able to bring it back; to not forget.
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mind
A2
/ˈmaɪnd/
The part of a person that thinks, feels, and remembers.
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idea
A1
/aɪˈdi.ə/
A thought or suggestion about what to do.
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forget
A1
/fɚˈɡɛt/
To not be able to remember something.
Meaning
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reason
A1
/ˈɹi.zən/
The cause or explanation for why something happens or is done.
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suppose
A2
/səˈpoʊz/
To think that something is probably true, though you are not certain.
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imagine
A1
/ɪˈmædʒən/
To form a picture or idea of something in your mind.
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doubt
A2
/dʌʊt/
To think that something is probably not true or unlikely to happen.
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decide
A2
/dɪˈsaɪd/
To make a choice about what to do after thinking about it.
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consider
A2
/kənˈsɪd.əɹ/
To think carefully about something before making a decision.
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recognize
A2
/ˈɹɛk.əɡ.naɪz/
To know someone or something because you have seen or met them before.
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conclusion
B1
/kənˈkluːʒən/
a decision or opinion reached after careful thought
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discretion
C1
/dɪˈskɹɛʃən/
The freedom to decide something for yourself, using your own judgement.
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awareness
B1
/əˈwɛɚ.nəs/
Knowledge or understanding that something exists or is happening.
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intellect
C1
/ˈɪntəˌlɛkt/
The power of the mind to think, reason, and understand.
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lapse
C1
/ˈlæps/
A small, temporary failure, especially of memory or attention.
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infer
B2
/ɪnˈfɝ/
To reach an opinion or conclusion from the information you have.
Meaning
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snub
C2
/snʌb/
a refusal to recognize someone you know
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discernment
C2+
/dɪˈsɚnmənt/
keen perception and good judgment
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keenness
C2+
/ˈkinnəs/
sharpness of mind, perception, or eagerness
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Senses & Perception(49)
see
A1
/ˈsi/
to notice or be aware of something using your eyes
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look
A1
/lʊk/
To turn your eyes toward something in order to see it.
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feel
A1
/fiːl/
To experience a physical, emotional, or mental state.
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listen
A1
/ˈlɪs.ən/
To pay attention to a sound with your ears.
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hear
A1
/ˈhɪɚ/
To notice a sound with your ears.
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watch
A1
/wɑtʃ/
To look at something or someone for a period of time, paying attention.
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touch
A2
/tʌt͡ʃ/
The sense by which you feel things through your skin.
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sound
A2
/ˈsaʊnd/
Something that you hear; what is produced by vibrations and heard by the ear.
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sense
A2
/sɛns/
One of the natural powers (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) by which we perceive the world.
Meaning
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quiet
A1
/ˈkwaɪ̯.ɪt/
Making little or no noise.
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dark
A1
/dɑɹk/
The absence of light.
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smell
A2
/ˈsmɛl/
To notice or sense an odour through your nose.
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notice
A2
/ˈnoʊ.tɪs/
Attention paid to someone or something.
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taste
B1
/teɪst/
To notice or recognize the flavour of food or drink in your mouth.
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video
A1
/ˈvɪd.i.oʊ/
A recording of moving pictures and sound that you can watch on a screen.
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loud
A2
/ˈlaʊd/
Making a lot of noise; high in volume.
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noise
A2
/ˈnoɪ̯z/
A sound, especially one that is loud or unpleasant.
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bright
A2
/ˈbɹɐɪ̯t/
Full of light; shining strongly.
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bang
B1
/ˈbæŋ/
A sudden loud noise, like an explosion or something hitting a hard surface.
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object²
B1
/əbˈd͡ʒɛkt/
To say that you disagree with or disapprove of something.
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appearance
A2
/əˈpiɹ.əns/
The way that someone or something looks.
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observe
B1
/əbˈzɝv/
To watch someone or something carefully.
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screech
C1
/skɹiːt͡ʃ/
a loud, harsh, high-pitched cry or noise
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visible
B1
/ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/
Able to be seen.
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Education & Learning(112)
course
A1
/kɔɹs/
A series of lessons or classes on a particular subject.
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school
A1
/skul/
A place where children go to be taught.
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learn
A1
/lɝn/
To gain knowledge or a skill, especially by studying or practising.
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class
A1
/klæs/
A group of students who are taught together.
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teacher
A1
/ˈti.t͡ʃɚ/
A person whose job is to teach, especially in a school.
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professor
B1
/pɹəˈfɛs.ɚ/
A teacher at a college or university.
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study
A1
/ˈstʌd.i/
To spend time learning about a subject, often at school or college.
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student
A1
/ˈstjuː.dn̩t/
A person who is studying at a school, college, or university.
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lesson
A1
/ˈlɛs.ən/
A period of time in which a teacher teaches a subject or skill to students.
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university
A2
/ˌjunəˈvɝsəti/
A place of higher education where students study for degrees and do research.
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knowledge
A2
/ˈnɑlɪdʒ/
Information, facts, and understanding that you gain through learning or experience.
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grade
B1
/ɡɹeɪd/
A mark or score given for work at school or in a test.
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education
A2
/ˌɛd͡ʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃn̩/
The process of teaching or learning, especially at a school or university.
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homework
A1
/ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/
Work that a teacher gives students to do at home.
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degree
A2
/dɪˈɡɹiː/
A unit for measuring temperature.
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principal
A2
/ˈprɪnsəpəl/
The person in charge of a school.
Meaning
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exam
A2
/ɪɡˈzæm/
A formal test of knowledge or skill, especially in school.
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academy
B1
/əˈkad.ə.mɪ/
a school or college, especially one that teaches a particular subject or skill
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prom
B2
/pɹɑm/
A formal dance held for students, usually near the end of the school year.
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lecture
B1
/ˈlek.t͡ʃəː/
A talk that teaches something, usually given to a class or audience.
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campus
A2
/ˈkæmpəs/
The grounds and buildings of a university, college, or school.
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graduate¹
A2
/ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuɪt/
A person who has completed a degree at a university or college.
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graduate²
A2
/ˈɡɹæd͡ʒueɪt/
To complete your studies and receive a degree from a university or college.
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scholarship
B1
/ˈskɑːləɹʃɪp/
Money given to a student to help pay for their education, usually for good work.
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Work & Careers(114)
work
A1
/wɜː(ɹ)k/
Activity that you do to make or achieve something, especially as a job.
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job
A1
/dʒɑb/
The regular paid work that a person does to earn a living.
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office
A1
/ˈɔ.fɪs/
A room or building where people work, usually at desks.
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meeting
A1
/ˈmitɪŋ/
An organized gathering of people for a particular purpose.
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detective
B1
/dɪˈtɛktɪv/
A police officer whose job is to solve crimes by gathering evidence.
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mission
B1
/ˈmɪʃ.ən/
An important job or task that a person or group is given.
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inspector
B2
/ɪnˈspɛk.tɚ/
A person whose job is to officially check that something is correct or meets standards.
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manager
A2
/ˈmæn.ə.dʒəɹ/
A person whose job is to be in charge of a business, shop, or part of an organization.
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career
B1
/kəˈɹɪɹ/
The job or profession you do over a long part of your working life.
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project¹
A1
/ˈpɹɑˌd͡ʒɛkt/
A planned piece of work with a particular aim, done over a period of time.
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project²
B2
/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/
To estimate or predict something based on current information.
Meaning
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interview
A1
/ˈɪn.(t)ɚ.vju/
a formal meeting where someone is asked questions to see if they are right for a job.
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assistant
A2
/əˈsɪstənt/
A person whose job is to help someone, especially in their work.
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smith
A1
/smɪθ/
A worker who shapes metal with a hammer and other tools, especially a blacksmith.
Meaning
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hire
B1
/haɪɹ/
To give someone a job and pay them to work for you.
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task
A2
/tæsk/
A piece of work that you have to do.
Meaning
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teaching
B1
/ˈtiːt͡ʃɪŋ/
The job or activity of giving lessons to students.
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engineer
A2
/ˌɛnd͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ/
A person whose job is to design, build, or maintain machines, structures, or systems.
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colleague
A2
/ˈkɑliɡ/
A person you work with, especially in a profession or business.
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assignment
B1
/əˈsaɪn.mənt/
A task or piece of work that you are given to do.
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labor
A2
/ˈleɪ.bɚ/
Hard work, especially physical work done for pay.
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employee
A2
/ˌɛm.plɔɪˈiː/
A person who is paid to work for a company or another person
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promotion
B1
/pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/
A move to a more important job or higher rank.
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bureau
B1
/ˈbjʊ.ɹoʊ/
A government department or office that deals with a particular task.
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Economics & Markets(72)
price
A1
/ˈpɹɐɪ̯s/
The amount of money you must pay to buy something.
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cost
A2
/ˈkɔst/
The amount of money needed to buy or do something.
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opportunity
A2
/ˌɑ.pɚˈt(j)u.nə.ti/
A chance to do something, especially something useful or good.
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market
A2
/ˈmɑɹkɪt/
A place where people buy and sell goods, often outdoors with stalls.
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trade
A2
/ˈtreɪd/
The activity of buying and selling goods and services.
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loss
B1
/lɔs/
The fact of no longer having something you once had.
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saving
B2
/ˈsæɪ.vɪŋ/
Money you keep instead of spending, set aside for the future (usually plural: savings).
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boom
B1
/bum/
To grow or develop very quickly and successfully.
Meaning
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exchange
A2
/ɛksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/
To give something and receive something else in return.
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debt
B1
/dɛt/
Money that you owe to someone else.
Meaning
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capital
A2
[ˈkʰæp.ɪ.ɾɫ̩]
The most important city of a country or region, usually where the government is.
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production
A2
/pɹəˈdʌkʃən/
The process of making or growing something, usually in large amounts.
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supply
B1
/səˈplaɪ/
To provide something that someone needs or wants.
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demand
B1
/dɪˈmænd/
A strong and firm request for something.
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bust
B1
/bʌst/
To break something, or to break open suddenly and forcefully.
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wealth
A2
/wɛlθ/
A large amount of money and valuable possessions.
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profit
B1
/ˈpɹɑfɪt/
The money you gain after subtracting your costs, especially in business.
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budget
A2
/ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ət/
A plan of how much money you have and how you will spend it
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investment
B2
/ɪnˈvɛstmənt/
Money put into a business or shares with the hope of making a profit.
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economy
B1
/iˈkɑ.nə.mi/
The system by which a country produces, sells, and uses goods, services, and money.
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recovery
B1
/ɹɪˈkʌvəɹi/
A return to good health after illness or injury.
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income
B1
/ˈɪnˌkʌm/
The money a person or organization earns or receives, usually regularly.
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bubble
B1
/ˈbʌb.l̩/
A thin ball of liquid filled with air or gas
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enterprise
B2
/ˈɛntɚˌpɹaɪz/
A company or business.
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Business & Commerce(30)
business
A1
/ˈbɪz.nɪs/
The activity of buying and selling goods and services to make money.
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company
A2
/ˈkʌmpəni/
A business that makes or sells goods, or provides services.
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contract¹
B2
/ˈkɑntɹækt/
A formal written agreement between people or companies that the law can enforce.
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contract²
B2
/kənˈtɹækt/
To become smaller or tighter; to make something smaller.
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customer
A2
/ˈkʌs.tə.mɚ/
A person or company that buys goods or services from a shop or business.
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offering
C1
/ˈɔfəɹɪŋ/
Something that is offered or made available, such as a product or service.
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brand
A2
/bɹænd/
A name or logo that identifies a company's products or services.
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product
A2
/ˈpɹɑ.dəkt/
Something that is made or grown to be sold.
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strategy
A2
/ˈstɹæt.ɪ.d͡ʒi/
A plan of action made to reach a particular goal.
Meaning
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corporation
B2
/ˌkɔɹ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
A large company, especially one made up of several businesses.
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invest
B1
/ɪnˈvest/
To put money into something, such as a business or shares, in order to make a profit.
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finance
B1
/ˈfaɪnæns/
The management of money, especially of large amounts.
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asset
B2
/ˈæsɛt/
Something valuable that a person or company owns, such as money, property, or investments.
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overhead
B2
/ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/
regular business costs that are not tied to making one specific product or service
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commerce
B2
/ˈkɑ.mɚs/
The activity of buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale.
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merger
C1
/ˈmɝ.d͡ʒɚ/
The joining of two or more companies into a single one.
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entrepreneur
B2
/ˌɑ̃.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː/
A person who starts and runs a business, taking on its financial risks.
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advert
B1
/ˈædvɜɹt/
A notice or short film that promotes a product, service, or event.
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conglomerate
C2
/kənˈɡlɑm.ɚ.ɪt/
A large company made up of several smaller companies in different kinds of business.
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fief
C2
/fiːf/
historical: land, revenue, or another right held from a feudal superior in return for allegiance and service
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logotype
C2+
/ˈlɔɡəˌtaɪp/
a distinctive symbol or design representing a company or brand
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racketeering
C2+
/ˌrækəˈtɪrɪŋ/
the running of an illegal business or fraudulent scheme for profit
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stockholder
C2+
/ˈstɑkˌhoʊldɚ/
an owner of shares in a company; a shareholder
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buyout
C1
/ˈbaɪˌaʊt/
the purchase of a business, or enough of its shares to control it
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Personal Finance(63)
check
A1
/t͡ʃɛk/
To look at something carefully to make sure it is correct or safe.
Meaning
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return
A2
/ɹɪˈtɝn/
To come or go back to a place.
Meaning
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bill
A2
/ˈbɪl/
A piece of paper showing how much money you owe for goods or services.
Meaning
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bank
A1
/ˈbæŋk/
A business where people keep money and borrow it.
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share
A1
/ʃɛɚ/
To divide something and give part of it to others.
Meaning
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cash
A2
/kæʃ/
Money in the form of notes and coins, rather than cards or checks.
Meaning
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emergency
A2
/ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒən.si/
A sudden, dangerous situation that needs immediate action
Meaning
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account
A2
/əˈkaʊnt/
An arrangement with a bank or company to keep or use money or services.
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credit
A2
/ˈkɹɛdɪt/
Praise or recognition for something you have done.
Meaning
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rent
A2
/ˈɹɛnt/
Money paid regularly to use a house, room, or property that belongs to someone else.
Meaning
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insurance
B1
/ɪnˈʃɔː.ɹəns/
An agreement in which you pay a company money so that they will pay you if something bad happens, such as an accident or illness.
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claim
A2
/kleɪm/
To say that something is true, often without proof.
Meaning
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borrow
A2
/ˈbɑr.oʊ/
To take something from someone for a short time, planning to give it back.
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spending
B1
/ˈspɛndɪŋ/
The amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or organization.
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stock
B2
/stɑk/
The supply of goods that a shop or business has available to sell.
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loan
B2
/loʊn/
An amount of money that you borrow and must pay back, often with extra interest.
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transfer
B1
/tɹænsˈfɚ/
To move something or someone from one place to another.
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balance
B1
/ˈbæləns/
A state in which different parts or forces are equal or steady, so nothing tips over or dominates.
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tax
B1
/tæks/
Money that people and businesses must pay to the government to fund public services.
Meaning
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bond
B1
/bɑnd/
To form a close emotional connection with someone.
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gain
B1
/ɡeɪn/
To get or obtain something useful or valuable.
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salary
A2
/ˈsæləri/
A fixed amount of money that an employee is paid regularly, usually each month, for their work.
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payment
B1
/ˈpeɪmənt/
An amount of money paid in exchange for goods, services, or to settle a debt.
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fund
B1
/ˈfʌnd/
An amount of money saved or set aside for a particular purpose.
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Money & Finance(151)
money
A1
/ˈmʌn.i/
The coins and banknotes used to buy and sell things.
Meaning
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pay
A1
/ˈpeɪ/
To give money in exchange for goods, services, or work.
Meaning
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deal
A2
/ˈdiːl/
An agreement, especially one to buy or sell something.
Meaning
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buy
A1
/baɪ/
To get something by paying money for it.
Meaning
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poor
A1
/pʊɚ/
Having little money or few possessions.
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sell
A1
/sɛl/
to give something to someone in exchange for money
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charge
B1
/t͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒ/
The amount of money asked for goods or services.
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rich
A1
/rɪtʃ/
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions.
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afford
B1
/əˈfoɹd/
To have enough money to pay for something.
Meaning
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expensive
A1
/ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/
Costing a lot of money.
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cheap
A2
/tʃiːp/
Costing little money; not expensive.
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fortune
A2
/ˈfoɹt͡ʃun/
A very large amount of money.
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value
A2
/ˈvæl.ju/
How much something is worth in money.
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treasure
A2
/ˈtɹɛʒɚ/
A large amount of money, gold, or jewels, especially when hidden or saved up.
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tip
A2
/ˈtɪp/
A small amount of extra money given to thank someone for a service, such as a waiter.
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robbery
A2
/ˈɹɑbəɹi/
The crime of stealing money or property, especially by using force or threats.
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dollar
A1
/ˈdɑ.lɚ/
The unit of money used in the United States, Canada, Australia and many other countries, written $.
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wallet
A2
/ˈwɑl.ət/
A small flat case, often made of leather, for carrying money and cards in your pocket.
Meaning
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purse
B1
/pɜɹs/
A small bag for carrying money.
Meaning
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bail
C1
/beɪl/
Money paid so that an arrested person can be released until their trial, promising they will return to court.
Meaning
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coin
A2
/ˈkoɪ̯n/
A piece of money made of metal, usually round and flat.
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fee
A2
/fiː/
An amount of money you pay for a service, privilege, or membership.
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bargain
A2
/ˈbɑːɹɡən/
Something bought for less than its usual price; a good deal.
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sum
B2
/ˈsʌm/
An amount of money.
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Shopping & Services(24)
order
A1
/ˈɔɹ.dɚ/
The way things are arranged in relation to one another.
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hotel
A1
/ˈhoʊ.tɛl/
A building where travellers pay to stay overnight and are given meals and other services.
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service
B1
/ˈsɝ.vɪs/
Work done by one person or organization that helps or benefits others.
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store
A2
/stɔɹ/
A building or shop where you can buy things.
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shop
A1
/ʃɑp/
A building or place where goods or services are sold to the public.
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appointment
A2
/əˈpɔɪnt.mɪnt/
An arrangement to meet someone or be somewhere at a set time.
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sale
A2
/seɪl/
The act of selling something, or an item that is sold.
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delivery
B1
/dɪˈlɪv.(ə.)ɹi/
The act of taking goods, mail, or other items to a place or person.
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repair
A2
/ɹɪˈpɛɹ/
To fix something that is broken or damaged.
Meaning
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reservation
B1
/ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/
An arrangement made in advance to keep a room, table, or seat for you.
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stall
B1
/stɔl/
A small open shop or table where goods are sold, especially in a market.
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diner
B1
/ˈdaɪnə(ɹ)/
a small informal restaurant, often with booths, a counter, and simple meals
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purchase
B2
/ˈpɝ.t͡ʃəs/
Something that you have bought.
Meaning
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patron
B2
/ˈpeɪ.tɹən/
A customer of a shop, restaurant, or other business, especially a regular one.
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retail
B1
/ˈɹiˌteɪl/
The selling of goods directly to ordinary customers.
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shoplifting
B2
/ˈʃɑːˌplɪftɪŋ/
The crime of stealing goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer.
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curacy
C2
/ˈkjʊrəsi/
the office, appointment, or period of service of a curate, including the stipend attached to the post
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check-in desk
B1
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cashier
C2+
/kæˈʃɪr/
a person who handles payments; to dismiss from service in disgrace
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chandlery
C2+
/ˈtʃændləri/
a shop or store selling supplies, especially for ships
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auction off
B2
to sell something to the person who offers the highest price at a public sale
Phrasal verb
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haggle over
C1
to argue about a price or terms in an attempt to reach a better agreement
Prepositional verb
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raffle off
B2
to award something as a prize in a raffle
Phrasal verb
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try out
A1
to test or use something for the first time in order to see whether it works or is suitable
Phrasal verb
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House & Home(167)
home
A1
/hoʊm/
The place where you live.
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house
A1
/haʊs/
A building where one or more people live.
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room
A1
/ɹum/
A space inside a building with its own walls, floor, and ceiling.
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door
A1
/do(ː)ɹ/
A flat barrier on a hinge that you open and close to enter or leave a room, building, or vehicle.
Meaning
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bed
A1
/bɛd/
A piece of furniture that you sleep on.
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table
A1
/ˈteɪbl̩/
A piece of furniture with a flat top and legs that you put things on or sit at.
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floor
A1
/flɔɹ/
The flat surface you walk on inside a room or building.
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window
A1
/ˈwɪndoʊ/
An opening in a wall or vehicle, usually filled with glass, that lets in light and air.
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wall
A1
/wɔl/
A solid upright structure that forms a side of a room or building, or divides one space from another.
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apartment
A2
/əˈpɑɹt.mənt/
A set of rooms to live in, usually on one floor of a larger building; a flat.
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kitchen
A1
/ˈkɪt͡ʃ(ə)n/
A room where meals are prepared and cooked.
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heaven
B1
/ˈhɛvən/
In many religions, the home of God where good people are believed to go after death.
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jimmy
C1
/ˈdʒɪm.i/
a short crowbar used for forcing open a door, window, or lock
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bathroom
A1
/ˈbæθˌɹum/
A room with a bath or shower, usually also a sink and toilet.
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chair
A1
/t͡ʃeɹ/
A piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back and usually four legs.
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lab
B1
/læb/
A room or building equipped for scientific work; short for laboratory.
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garden
A1
/ˈɡɑɹd(ə)n/
An area of ground, usually next to a house, where flowers, vegetables, or other plants are grown.
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gate
A2
/ɡeɪt/
A door-like barrier in a fence or wall that can be opened and closed.
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bedroom
A1
/ˈbɛdˌɹum/
A room used for sleeping.
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studio
B1
/ˈstjuːdiəʊ/
A room where radio or television programmes, music, or films are made.
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garage
A2
/ɡəˈɹɑʒ/
A building next to or part of a house where a car is kept.
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yard
B1
/jɑɹd/
The area of ground around a house, often with grass.
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basement
B1
/ˈbeɪsmənt/
A room or floor of a building that is below ground level.
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cabin
B1
/ˈkæbɪn/
A small, simple house, often made of wood and in the countryside.
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Cooking & Baking(82)
beat
B1
/biːt/
To defeat someone in a game, contest, or fight.
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cook
A1
/kʊk/
To prepare food by heating it.
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oil
A2
/ɔɪl/
A thick liquid from plants or animals used in cooking.
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cream
A1
/kɹiːm/
The thick, fatty part of milk that rises to the top.
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sugar
A1
/ˈʃʊɡ.ɚ/
A sweet white or brown substance used to flavour food and drink.
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chef
A2
/ʃɛf/
A professional cook, especially the head cook in a restaurant.
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cooking
A2
/ˈkʊkɪŋ/
The activity of preparing food by heating it.
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salt
A2
/sɔlt/
A white substance used to add flavour to food and to preserve it.
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bowl
A2
/boʊl/
A round, deep dish used for holding food or liquid.
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crush
B1
/kɹʌʃ/
To press something so hard that it breaks or loses its shape.
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mix
A2
/ˈmɪks/
To combine two or more things so they become one.
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butter
A1
/ˈbʌt.əɹ/
A soft yellow food made from cream, spread on bread or used in cooking.
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sauce
A2
/sɔs/
A thick or liquid mixture served with or on food to add flavour.
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chop
B2
/t͡ʃɑp/
To cut something into pieces with quick, hard strokes of a knife or axe.
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core
B2
/kɔɹ/
The central or most important part of something.
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pan
A2
/pæn/
A flat, round metal container with a handle, used for cooking.
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steam
B1
/stiːm/
The hot gas that water turns into when it boils.
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dough
B2
/doʊ/
a thick, moldable mixture of flour and liquid, often with other ingredients, that is baked into bread or pastry
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oven
A2
/ˈʌvən/
A kitchen appliance with an enclosed space used for baking, roasting, or heating food.
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fry
A2
/fɹaɪ/
To cook food in hot oil or fat.
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slice
A2
/slaɪs/
A thin, flat piece cut from something.
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drain
B2
/dɹeɪn/
A pipe or channel that carries away waste water or liquid.
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recipe
A2
/ˈɹɛs.ɪ.pi/
A set of instructions for cooking or preparing a dish.
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roast
A2
/ɹoʊst/
To cook food, especially meat or vegetables, with dry heat in an oven or over a fire.
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Food & Drink(329)
honey
A2
/ˈhʌni/
A sweet, thick, golden food made by bees from flower nectar.
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food
A1
/fuːd/
The things that people and animals eat to stay alive.
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dinner
A1
/ˈdɪnɚ/
The main meal of the day, usually eaten in the evening.
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coffee
A1
/ˈkɔfi/
A hot drink made by pouring hot water over roasted, ground coffee beans.
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lunch
A1
/ˈlʌntʃ/
A meal eaten in the middle of the day.
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tea
A1
/ti/
A hot drink made by pouring boiling water onto dried leaves.
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hungry
A1
/ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/
Wanting or needing to eat.
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wine
A2
/waɪn/
An alcoholic drink made from fermented grapes.
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beer
A2
/bɪr/
An alcoholic drink made from grain, usually barley, often flavoured with hops.
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breakfast
A1
/ˈbɹɛk.fəst/
The first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning.
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restaurant
A1
/ˈɹɛst(ə)ˌɹɑnt/
A place where you can buy and eat meals, usually served at your table.
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cup
A1
/ˈkʌp/
A small container with a handle that you drink from.
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milk
A1
/mɪlk/
The white liquid produced by cows and other female mammals, drunk by people or used in food.
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cake
A1
/keɪk/
A sweet baked food made from flour, sugar, and eggs, often covered with icing.
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meat
A1
/miːt/
The flesh of an animal eaten as food.
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cheese
A1
/t͡ʃiːz/
A solid food made from milk, often yellow or white.
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bread
A1
/brɛd/
A common food made by baking flour, water, and usually yeast.
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delicious
A1
/dɪˈlɪʃ.əs/
Tasting very good.
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meal
A1
/ˈmiːl/
The food eaten at a particular time, such as breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
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pizza
A1
/ˈpiːtsə/
A flat, round piece of baked bread covered with tomato, cheese, and other toppings.
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plate
A2
/ˈpleɪt/
A flat, slightly curved dish that you eat food from.
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chocolate
A1
/ˈt͡ʃɔk.(ə.)lɪt/
A sweet brown food made from roasted cocoa beans.
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soup
A1
/sup/
A liquid food made by cooking vegetables, meat, or fish in water or stock.
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candy
A1
/ˈkæn.di/
Sweet food made mainly of sugar or chocolate.
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Clothing & Appearance(123)
face
A1
/ˈfeɪs/
The front part of your head, from your forehead to your chin.
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hair
A1
/ˈheːɹ/
The mass of fine threads that grow on a person's head.
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wear
A1
/wɛ(ə)ɹ/
To have clothes, jewellery, or other items on your body.
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clothes
A1
/kloʊ(ð)z/
Things you wear, such as shirts, trousers, and dresses.
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dress
A1
/drɛs/
To put clothes on yourself or someone else.
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suit
A2
/suːt/
A set of matching clothes, usually a jacket with trousers or a skirt.
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pants
A2
/ˈpænts/
A piece of clothing that covers the body from the waist down, with a separate part for each leg; trousers.
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hat
A1
/hæt/
A covering for the head, often with a brim.
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shirt
A1
/ʃɜɹt/
A piece of clothing worn on the upper body, usually with a collar, sleeves, and buttons.
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style
A2
/ˈstaɪl/
A particular way of doing, making, or expressing something.
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coat
A1
/ˈkoʊ̯t/
A piece of clothing with long sleeves worn over other clothes to keep warm.
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pocket
A2
/ˈpɑ.kɪt/
A small bag sewn into clothing for carrying small things.
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jacket
A1
/ˈd͡ʒæk.ɪt/
A short coat, usually reaching to the waist or hips
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uniform
A2
/ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/
A set of special clothes worn by members of a group, such as students, police, or soldiers.
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button
A2
/ˈbʌt.ən/
A small round object on clothing that fastens through a hole.
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fashion
A2
/ˈfæʃən/
The popular styles of clothing at a particular time, and the industry that creates them.
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belt
A2
/bɛlt/
A strip of leather or cloth worn around the waist to hold up clothes or for decoration.
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shoe
A1
/ˈʃu/
A covering for the foot, usually made of leather or another firm material, with a sole and heel.
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outfit
B2
/ˈaʊtfɪt/
A set of clothes worn together, often for a special occasion.
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costume
B1
/ˈkɑsˌt(j)um/
A set of clothes worn to look like someone or something else, often for fun.
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laundry
B2
/ˈlɔːn.dɹi/
Clothes and other items that need to be washed, or that have just been washed.
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clown
A2
/ˈklæʊ̯n/
A performer with funny clothes, face paint, and a red nose who entertains people, often at a circus.
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hood
B2
/hʊd/
A part of a coat or jacket that covers your head.
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amber
C2
/ˈæm.bɚ/
a hard, translucent yellow or brown fossil resin, often used in jewelry and sometimes containing preserved organisms
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Travel(33)
trip
A1
/tɹɪp/
A journey to a place, often for a short time and a particular purpose.
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flight
A2
/flaɪt/
A journey made by plane.
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travel
A1
/ˈtɹævəl/
To go from one place to another, especially over a long distance.
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ticket
A1
/ˈtɪk.ət/
A printed piece of paper that shows you have paid to travel or to enter a place.
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journey
A2
/ˈd͡ʒɝni/
An act of travelling from one place to another, especially over a long distance.
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airport
A1
/ˈɛɹ.pɔɹt/
A place where aircraft take off and land, with runways and terminals for passengers.
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vacation
A1
/veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
A period of time away from work or school spent resting or travelling.
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holiday
A1
/ˈhɑləˌdeɪ/
A period of time spent away from work or school for rest or travel.
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passport
B1
/ˈpæspɔɹt/
An official document that proves who you are and your nationality, used for foreign travel.
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abroad
A2
/əˈbɹɔd/
in or to a foreign country
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suitcase
A2
/ˈs(j)uːtkeɪs/
A large case with a handle, used for carrying clothes and other things when you travel.
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luggage
B1
/ləˈɡed͡ʒ/
The bags and cases you carry your belongings in when travelling.
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arrival
B1
/əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/
The act of reaching a place.
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destination
B1
/ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃən/
The place where someone or something is going.
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expedition
B1
/ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən/
A long, organized journey made by a group for a particular purpose, such as exploration.
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tourist
A2
/ˈtʊɹ.ɪst/
A person who travels somewhere for pleasure or to see the sights.
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departure
B1
/dɪˈpɑːrtʃɝ/
The act of leaving a place, especially to start a journey.
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voyage
B1
/ˈvɔɪ.ɪd͡ʒ/
A long journey, especially by sea or in space.
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visa
B1
/ˈvizə/
An official stamp or document allowing you to enter, stay in, or leave a country.
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souvenir
B1
/ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/
An object you keep or give to remember a place or event.
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errand
C2+
/ˈɛɹənd/
A journey undertaken to accomplish some task.
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getaway
B2
/ˈgɛtəˌweɪ/
A short holiday or trip, often to relax.
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itinerary
C1
/aɪˈtɪnəˌɹɛɹi/
A detailed plan or schedule of a journey, listing the places and times.
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terminus
C2+
/ˈtɝmənəs/
the end point of a route, line, or journey
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Maritime & Sailing(71)
ship
A2
/ʃɪp/
A large boat that carries people or goods across the sea.
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boat
A1
/ˈboʊ̯t/
A small vehicle for travelling on water.
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sea
A1
/siː/
The large area of salt water that covers much of the earth, or a particular part of it.
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ocean
A2
/ˈoʊ.ʃən/
The vast body of salt water that covers most of the Earth.
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rescue
B1
/ˈɹɛs.kju/
To save someone or something from danger or harm.
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coast
A2
/koʊst/
The land along the edge of the sea.
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wave
A2
/weɪv/
To move your hand from side to side to greet someone or say goodbye.
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rope
A2
/ɹoʊp/
A strong, thick cord made of twisted fibres or wires.
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bow¹
B1
/baʊ/
To bend the head or upper body forward as a sign of respect or greeting.
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deck
B2
/ˈdek/
The flat floor of a ship that you can walk on.
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port
B1
/pɔɹt/
A place on the coast where ships dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.
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shore
A2
/ʃɔɹ/
The land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other large body of water.
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sail
A2
/seɪl/
To travel across water in a boat or ship.
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vessel
B1
/ˈvɛs.əl/
A ship or large boat.
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swell
B1
/swɛl/
To become larger, especially because of injury or being filled with something.
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cruise
A2
/kɹuːz/
A holiday spent travelling on a ship and stopping at different places.
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harbor
B1
/ˈhɑɹbɚ/
A sheltered area of water where ships can stay safely.
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tide
B1
/taɪd/
The regular rise and fall of the sea, caused by the pull of the moon and sun.
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dock
B2
/dɑk/
A place where ships are loaded, unloaded, or repaired.
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bearing
B2
/ˈbɛɹɪŋ/
The way a connection or fact affects or relates to something.
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sailing
A2
/ˈseɪ.lɪŋ/
The sport or activity of travelling in a boat that uses the wind.
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chart
A2
/t͡ʃɑɹt/
A drawing or diagram that shows information clearly, often with numbers or figures.
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anchor
B2
/ˈæŋ.kɚ/
A heavy metal object dropped from a boat to stop it from moving.
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yacht
B2
/jɑːt/
A light, fast boat used for pleasure trips or racing.
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Aviation & Flight(56)
control
A2
/kənˈtɹoʊl/
The power to direct, manage, or make decisions about something.
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plane
A1
/pleɪn/
A vehicle with wings and engines that flies through the air.
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board
A2
/bɔɹd/
A long, flat, thin piece of wood or other material.
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wind¹
A2
/ˈwɪnd/
Air moving naturally across the land, sometimes with great force.
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engine
A2
/ˈɛndʒɪn/
A machine that turns fuel or power into movement, used to drive vehicles and other machines.
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taxi
A1
/ˈtæksi/
A car with a driver that you pay to take you somewhere.
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elevator
A2
/ˈɛləˌveɪtɚ/
A machine that carries people or goods up and down between the floors of a building.
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climb
A1
/klaɪm/
To move up something, often using your hands and feet.
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approach
B1
/əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/
To move closer to someone or something.
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tail
B1
/ˈteːl/
The long, thin part that sticks out at the back of an animal's body.
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wing
B1
/ˈwɪŋɡ/
One of the two body parts a bird, bat, or insect uses to fly.
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landing
B2
/ˈlændɪŋ/
The act of coming down to the ground, especially of an aircraft.
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cloud
A2
/ˈklaʊd/
A mass of water droplets floating in the sky, often grey or white.
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helicopter
B1
/ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/
An aircraft with spinning blades on top that let it fly straight up, hover, and land without a runway.
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oxygen
B1
/ˈɑk.sɪ.d͡ʒən/
A colourless, odourless gas that humans and animals need to breathe and that makes up part of the air.
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jet
B2
/ˈd͡ʒɛt/
A fast aircraft powered by jet engines instead of propellers.
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radar
B2
/ˈɹeɪˌdɑɹ/
A system that uses radio waves to find the position and speed of distant objects such as ships and planes.
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aircraft
B2
/ˈɛɚ.kɹæft/
A vehicle that can fly, such as a plane or helicopter.
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cargo
C1
/ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/
Goods carried by a ship, aircraft, or vehicle.
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airplane
A1
/ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/
A powered flying vehicle with fixed wings.
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passenger
A2
/ˈpæs.ɪn.d͡ʒɚ/
A person travelling in a vehicle who is not driving it.
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instrument
A2
/ˈɪnstɹəmənt/
An object used to make music, such as a piano or guitar.
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runway
B1
/ˈɹʌnweɪ/
A long, flat strip of ground where planes take off and land.
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drone
C2
/dɹoʊn/
A male ant, bee, or wasp, which does not work but can fertilize the queen.
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Transportation(170)
car
A1
/kɑr/
A road vehicle with four wheels and an engine, used to carry a small number of people.
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street
A1
/stɹit/
A public road in a town or city, usually with buildings along it.
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road
A2
/roʊd/
A hard surface built for vehicles and people to travel along.
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train
A1
/tɹeɪn/
A line of connected railway carriages pulled by an engine.
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station
A1
/ˈsteɪʃən/
A place where trains or buses stop so passengers can get on and off.
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truck
A2
/trʌk/
A large road vehicle for carrying heavy goods.
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bus
A1
/bʌs/
A large road vehicle that carries many passengers along a fixed route.
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van
A2
/væn/
A covered road vehicle, larger than a car, used for carrying goods or groups of people.
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driver
A1
/ˈdɹaɪvɚ/
A person who controls and operates a vehicle.
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bike
A1
/baɪk/
A bicycle; a vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pedalling.
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crash
B1
/kɹæʃ/
A serious accident in which a vehicle hits something.
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traffic
A2
/ˈtræfɪk/
The cars and other vehicles moving along a road.
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vehicle
A2
/ˈvi.ə.kəl/
A machine, such as a car, bus, or truck, used to carry people or goods from place to place.
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cab
A2
/kæb/
A car with a driver that you pay to take you somewhere.
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wheel
A2
/wil/
A round object that turns on its centre, used to move a vehicle or machine.
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ambulance
B1
/ˈæm.bjə.ləns/
A vehicle that takes sick or injured people to hospital quickly.
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rocket
B2
/ˈɹɑk.ɪt/
A vehicle or device driven through the air or space by burning fuel.
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transport¹
B1
/ˈtɹæns.pɔɹt/
The system or vehicles used for carrying people or goods from one place to another.
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transport²
B1
/tɹænsˈpɔɹt/
To carry people or goods from one place to another.
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highway
A2
/ˈhaɪweɪ/
A main public road, especially a wide, fast one connecting towns and cities.
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wagon
B1
/ˈwæɡən/
A large four-wheeled vehicle, usually pulled by horses, used to carry heavy goods.
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tire
B1
/ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/
A rubber ring filled with air that fits around a wheel of a car or bicycle.
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cart
C2
/kɑɹt/
a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal
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motorcycle
B1
/ˈmoʊtɚˌsaɪkəl/
A two-wheeled vehicle with an engine and handlebars instead of a steering wheel.
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Verbs of Movement(54)
go
A1
/ɡoʊ/
To move or travel from one place to another.
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come
A1
/kʌm/
To move toward the speaker or to a place.
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take
A1
/teɪk/
To get hold of something and move it, or carry it with you.
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leave
A1
/liːv/
To go away from a place or person.
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move
A1
/muːv/
To change position or go from one place to another.
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bring
A1
/ˈbɹɪŋ/
To carry or take something or someone to the place where you are or are going.
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run
A1
/rʌn/
To move quickly on foot, faster than walking.
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walk
A1
/wɔk/
To move along on foot, one step at a time.
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send
A2
/sɛnd/
To make an object, message, or person go from one place to another.
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drive
A1
/dɹaɪv/
To control and operate a vehicle such as a car.
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fall
A2
/fɔl/
To move or drop down toward the ground, usually by accident.
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pass
A2
/pæs/
A success in a test or exam.
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ride
A1
/ˈraɪd/
To sit on and control a bicycle, motorcycle, horse, or similar.
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fly
A1
/flaɪ/
To travel through the air, as a bird or aircraft does.
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carry
A1
/ˈkæɹi/
To hold something and move it from one place to another.
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jump
A2
/d͡ʒʌmp/
To push yourself off the ground and into the air using your legs.
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cross
A2
/kɹɔs/
To go from one side of something to the other.
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enter
A2
/ˈɛntɚ/
To come or go into a place.
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swim
A1
/swɪm/
To move through water by using your arms, legs, fins, or tail.
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arrive
A1
/əˈɹaɪv/
To reach a place, especially at the end of a journey.
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invitation
A2
/ɪn.vɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
A spoken or written request asking someone to come to or take part in something.
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retreat
B2
/ɹɪˈtɹiːt/
The act of moving back or away from something dangerous or difficult.
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crawl
B2
/kɹaːl/
To move slowly on your hands and knees or by dragging your body along the ground.
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wander
A2
/ˈwɑndɚ/
To walk around slowly with no particular purpose or destination.
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Sports & Fitness(135)
team
A1
/tiːm/
A group of people who play a sport or game together against others.
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win
A1
/wɪn/
To be the best or first in a game, race, or competition.
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round
A2
/ˈraʊnd/
One stage or part of a competition, game, or series of events.
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ball
A1
/bɔl/
A round object used in games and sports, which is thrown, hit, or kicked.
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match
A1
/mæt͡ʃ/
A sporting contest between two people or teams.
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race
B1
/ˈreɪs/
A competition to see who or what is the fastest.
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coach
A2
/koʊt͡ʃ/
A person who trains people in a sport or skill.
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path
A2
/pæθ/
A narrow track for walking, often through fields, woods, or a garden.
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football
A1
/ˈfʊtbɔl/
A team ball game in which players try to get a ball into the other team's goal; in most of the world this means soccer.
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player
A1
/ˈpleɪ.ɚ/
A person who takes part in a game or sport.
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victory
B1
/ˈvɪktəri/
A success in a battle, contest, or struggle.
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score
B1
/skoɹ/
The number of points each side has won in a game or contest.
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prize
B1
/ˈpɹɑ̟ɪ̯z/
A reward given to the winner of a contest, competition, or lottery.
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sports
B1
/spɔɹts/
Physical games and activities played according to rules; plural of sport.
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baseball
A2
/ˈbeɪs.bɔl/
A team sport in which players hit a ball with a bat and run around four bases to score.
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golf
A2
/ɡɑlf/
A game in which players use clubs to hit a small ball into a series of holes on a large outdoor course, using as few hits as possible.
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exercise
A1
/ˈɛk.sɚ.saɪz/
Physical activity done to stay fit and healthy.
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contest¹
B2
/ˈkɑn.tɛst/
A competition in which people try to win or to be the best.
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contest²
B2
/kənˈtɛst/
To formally argue that something is wrong or should not be accepted.
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sport
A1
/spɔɹt/
A physical activity or game played according to rules, often in competition.
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basketball
A2
/ˈbæs.kɪt.bɔl/
A team sport in which two teams of five players try to throw a ball through a high hoop.
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racing
B1
/ˈɹeɪsɪŋ/
The sport of competing to be the fastest, as in cars, horses, or running.
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tennis
A1
/ˈtɛnɪs/
A sport in which two or four players hit a ball over a net using racquets.
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soccer
A2
/ˈsɑk.ɚ/
A game in which two teams of eleven players try to kick a ball into the other team's goal.
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Health & Medicine(147)
doctor
A1
/ˈdɑktɚ/
A person who is trained and qualified to treat sick or injured people.
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sick
A1
/ˈsɪk/
Not healthy; ill.
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hospital
A1
/ˈhɑs.pɪ.tl̩/
A place where sick or injured people are treated by doctors and nurses.
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pain
A2
/ˈpeɪn/
An unpleasant physical feeling caused by illness or injury.
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medical
A2
/ˈmɛdɪkl̩/
Relating to medicine or the treatment of illness and injury.
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health
A1
/hɛlθ/
The general condition of a person's body and mind.
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nurse
A1
/nɝs/
A person trained to care for sick or injured people, usually in a hospital.
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surgery
B1
/ˈsɝ.d͡ʒə.ɹi/
Medical treatment in which a doctor cuts into the body to repair or remove something.
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medicine
A2
/ˈmɛd.ɪ.sɪn/
A substance you take to treat or cure an illness.
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cancer
B1
/ˈkæːnsə/
A serious disease in which abnormal cells grow and spread in the body.
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disease
B1
/dɪˈziz/
An illness that affects people, animals, or plants.
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treatment
B1
/ˈtɹiːtmənt/
Medical care given for an illness or injury.
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virus
B1
/ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/
A tiny living agent that causes disease by spreading inside the cells of a living host.
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abuse¹
B2
/əˈbjus/
cruel or violent treatment of a person or animal
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abuse²
B2
/əˈbjuz/
to treat a person or animal in a cruel or violent way
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bout
C2
/ˈbaʊt/
A short period of an illness or of something unpleasant.
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injury
B1
/ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ.i/
Physical harm or damage done to the body.
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pill
A2
/pɪl/
A small, usually round piece of medicine that you swallow.
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illness
B1
/ˈɪl.nəs/
The state of being sick or in bad health.
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medication
B2
/mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
A medicine, or the medicines a person takes regularly.
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infection
B1
/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/
An illness caused by harmful germs entering the body.
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plague
B2
/pleɪɡ/
A very serious infectious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people.
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psychiatrist
C1
/ˌsaɪˈkaɪ.ə.tɹɪst/
A medical doctor who specializes in treating mental illness.
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flu
B1
/flu/
A common illness like a bad cold, with fever, aches, and tiredness, caused by a virus.
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The Human Body(341)
head
A1
/hɛd/
The part of the body above the neck, containing the brain, eyes, and mouth.
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heart
A2
/hɑɹt/
The organ in your chest that pumps blood around your body.
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hand
A1
/ˈhænd/
The part of your body at the end of your arm, with fingers and a thumb.
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body
A1
/ˈbɑ.di/
The whole physical structure of a person or animal.
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blood
A2
/blʌd/
The red liquid that the heart pumps around the body.
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eye
A1
/ˈaɪ/
One of the two organs in your face that you see with.
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mouth
A1
/maʊθ/
The opening in your face that you use for eating and speaking.
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brain
A2
/ˈbreɪn/
The organ inside the head that controls thought, memory, feeling, and movement.
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cell
B1
/sɛl/
The smallest basic unit that makes up all living things.
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foot
B1
/fʊt/
The part of the body at the end of the leg that you stand and walk on.
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arm
A1
/ɑɹm/
The part of the body from the shoulder to the hand.
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leg
A1
/leɪɡ/
One of the two long parts of the body that people use to stand and walk.
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nose
A1
/noʊz/
The part of the face above the mouth, used for breathing and smelling.
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neck
A2
/nɛk/
The part of the body that joins the head to the shoulders.
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skin
A2
/skɪn/
the natural outer layer that covers the body of a person or animal
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operation
B1
/ˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
A piece of surgery done on the body by a doctor.
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finger
B1
/ˈfɪŋɡɚ/
One of the four long thin parts at the end of the hand, sometimes including the thumb.
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chest
A2
/t͡ʃɛst/
The front part of the body between the neck and the stomach.
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stomach
A2
/ˈstʌm.ək/
The part of the body where food is digested after you eat.
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tongue
B1
/tʊŋɡ/
The soft, movable organ in the mouth used for tasting, eating, and speaking.
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bath
A1
/bæθ/
The act of washing your whole body while sitting in water.
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wound
B1
/wyːnd/
An injury to the body, such as a cut, where the skin is broken.
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ear
A1
/ˈɪɚ/
One of the two organs on the sides of the head that you hear with.
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bone
A2
/boʊn/
One of the hard white parts that form the skeleton of a person or animal.
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Technology & Computing(66)
phone
A1
/ˈfoʊ̯n/
A device used to talk to people over distances, now often a small portable one that also runs apps.
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computer
A1
/kəmˈpjutɚ/
an electronic machine that stores and processes information and runs programs
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code
A2
/koʊd/
Instructions written in a programming language that tell a computer what to do.
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file
B1
/ˈfaɪl/
A named collection of data stored on a computer.
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program
A2
/ˈpɹoʊ̯ˌɡɹæm/
A radio or television show.
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Internet
A1
/ˈɪn(t)əɹˌnɛt/
the worldwide computer network that lets people share information and communicate.
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screen
A2
/skɹiːn/
The flat surface of a TV, computer, or phone on which images appear.
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network
B1
/ˈnɛt.wɝk/
A large group of people, things, or places that are connected to each other.
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backup
B2
/ˈbækˌʌp/
A copy of computer files kept separately so you can recover them if the originals are lost.
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monitor
B1
/ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/
A screen that shows information from a computer.
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application
B1
/əp.lɪˈke.ʃən/
A formal written or spoken request for a job, a place, or assistance.
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laptop
A2
/ˈlæp.tɑp/
A small computer that you can carry with you and use on your lap.
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website
A2
/ˈwɛbˌsaɪt/
A set of connected pages on the internet, usually owned by one person or organisation and reached from the same web address.
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password
B1
/ˈpæs.wɜɹd/
A secret series of characters you type to log in to a computer, account, or system.
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software
A2
/ˈsɔf(t)ˌwɛɹ/
The programs and instructions that tell a computer what to do.
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CD
A1
/ˌsiːˈdiː/
A small round plastic disc used to store music or computer data.
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database
B2
/ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/
A large set of organized information stored in a computer so it can be searched easily.
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digital
B1
/ˈdɪd͡ʒɪtl̩/
Relating to computers, the internet, and electronic technology.
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DVD
A1
/ˌdi vi ˈdi/
A flat round disc used to store films, music, or other digital data.
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hardware
B2
/ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/
The physical parts of a computer, such as the screen, keyboard, and circuits.
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app
A2
/æp/
A software program, especially a small one you install on a phone or tablet.
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server
B1
/ˈsɝvɚ/
A computer or program that provides services, files, or data to other computers in a network.
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keyboard
B1
/ˈki.bɔɹd/
The set of keys you press to type on a computer or typewriter.
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download
A2
/ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/
To copy data, files, or programs from the internet or another computer onto your own device.
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Literature & Storytelling(48)
theme
B1
/θiːm/
The main subject or idea of a book, film, talk, or piece of art.
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writer
A1
/ˈɹaɪ.təɹ/
A person who writes books, stories, or articles, especially as a job.
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setting
B1
/ˈsɛtɪŋ/
The time and place in which something happens, especially in a story.
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fantasy
B1
/ˈfæntəsi/
Something you imagine that is pleasant but unlikely to happen.
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tragedy
B1
/ˈtɹæd͡ʒɛdi/
A very sad event, especially one involving death or great loss.
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poetry
B1
/ˈpoʊ.ə.tɹi/
Writing arranged in lines, often with rhythm or rhyme, that expresses feelings and ideas.
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poem
B1
/ˈpoʊ.əm/
A piece of writing arranged in lines, often with rhythm or rhyme, that expresses feelings or ideas.
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chapter
A2
/ˈt͡ʃæptɚ/
One of the main sections a book is divided into.
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plot
B1
/plɑt/
The main events and story of a book, film, or play.
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myth
B1
/mɪθ/
A widely held but false belief or idea.
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author
A2
/ˈɔθɚ/
A person who writes a book, article, or other work.
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dialogue
C2+
/ˈdaɪəˌlɔɡ/
A conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals.
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literature
B1
/ˈlɪt.ɚ.ə.t͡ʃɚ/
Written works such as novels, poems, and plays valued as art.
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verse
B2
/ˈvɝs/
A group of lines that form one unit of a song or poem.
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manuscript
C1
/ˈmæn.jəˌskɹɪpt/
A written or typed version of a book or article before it is published.
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refrain
B2
/ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/
To stop yourself from doing something.
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suspense
C2
/səˈspɛns/
an uncertain cognitive state
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narrative
B1
/ˈnæɹətɪv/
A story or an account of connected events.
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genre
B2
/ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/
A particular type or style of art, literature, music, or film.
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sequel
C1
/ˈsiːkwəl/
A book, film, or play that continues the story of an earlier one.
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ballad
B2
/ˈbæləd/
A slow, romantic song.
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flashback
C1
/ˈflæʃ.bæk/
A part of a film, book, or play that shows an earlier event, interrupting the main story.
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realism
C1
/ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
A practical attitude that accepts the facts of a situation as they really are.
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protagonist
C1
/pɹoʊˈtæɡ.ə.nɪst/
The main character in a story, film, or play.
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Media & Publishing(44)
news
A1
/nuːz/
Information about recent and important events.
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book
A1
/bʊk/
A set of printed pages held together inside a cover, that you read.
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report
A2
/ɹɪˈpoɹt/
A spoken or written account of something, especially news or the results of research.
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TV
A1
/ˌtiːˈviː/
Television; programmes broadcast to be watched on screen.
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radio
A1
/ˈɹeɪ.diˌoʊ/
A device that receives sound broadcasts such as music and news.
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page
A1
/peɪd͡ʒ/
One side of a sheet of paper in a book, magazine, or newspaper.
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television
A1
/ˈtɛlɪˌvɪʒən/
A device with a screen and speakers for watching broadcast programmes.
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media
A2
/ˈmi.di.ə/
The newspapers, television, radio, and websites that report news to the public.
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magazine
A1
/mæɡ.əˈzin/
A regular publication with articles, stories, and pictures on paper or online.
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newspaper
A1
/ˈn(j)usˌpeɪpɚ/
A printed or digital publication, usually daily or weekly, containing news and articles.
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channel
B1
/ˈt͡ʃænəl/
A television or radio station and its programmes.
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drama
A2
/ˈdɹɑmə/
A play for the theater, television, radio, or film, especially a serious one.
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editor
A2
/ˈɛd.ɪ.təɹ/
A person who corrects and improves writing before it is published.
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journalist
B1
/ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/
A person who reports news for newspapers, magazines, TV, or the internet.
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broadcast
B1
/ˈbɹɔːdkast/
To send out a programme on television or radio.
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publish
A2
/ˈpʌblɪʃ/
To print a book, magazine, or article and make it available to people.
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edition
B1
/ɪˈdɪʃən/
A particular version of a book, magazine, or newspaper that is published.
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blog
B1
/blɔɡ/
A website where someone regularly posts articles, opinions, or personal entries.
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headline
B1
/ˈhɛdˌlaɪn/
The title printed in large letters at the top of a newspaper or article.
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bulletin
B1
/ˈbʊl.ə.tən/
A short official news report, often broadcast or published immediately
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editorial
B2
/ˌɛdɪˈtɔɹiəl/
An article in a newspaper or magazine giving the editors' opinion on a topic.
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publication
B2
/ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
A book, magazine, or other printed work that is made available to people.
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brochure
B2
/bɹoʊˈʃʊɚ/
A small thin book or magazine with pictures, usually advertising something or giving information
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commentary
C1
/ˈkɑ.mənˌtɛ.ɹi/
A spoken description of an event as it happens, especially on radio or television.
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Photography & Images(46)
film
A2
/fɪlm/
A story or events recorded as moving pictures and shown in a cinema or on screen; a movie.
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camera
A1
/ˈkæm.ə.ɹə/
A device for taking photographs or recording video.
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color
A1
/ˈkʌlɚ/
The quality of an object, such as red, blue, or green, that comes from the light it reflects.
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focus
A2
/ˈfoʊ.kəs/
To give all your attention to one thing.
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image
A2
/ˈɪm.ɪdʒ/
A picture, photo, or representation of someone or something.
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shadow
A2
/ˈʃædoʊ/
A dark shape made on a surface when something blocks the light.
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background
A2
/ˈbæk(ɡ)ɹaʊnd/
The part of a scene or picture that is behind the main objects.
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flash
B1
/flæʃ/
To shine suddenly and brightly, often for a short time.
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print
A2
/pɹɪnt/
To produce words or pictures on paper using a machine.
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frame
A2
/fɹeɪm/
A border that surrounds and holds a picture, photo, or mirror.
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photograph
A2
/ˈfoʊ.təˌɡɹæf/
A picture made with a camera.
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angle
B1
/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/
The space between two lines or surfaces that meet, measured in degrees.
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slide
A2
/slaɪd/
To move smoothly along a surface while staying in contact with it.
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perspective
B2
/pɚˈspɛk.tɪv/
A particular way of thinking about or judging a situation.
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lighting
B2
/ˈlaɪtɪŋ/
The lights in a place, or the way a place is lit.
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portrait
A2
/ˈpɔɹtɹət/
A painting, drawing, or photograph of a person, especially the face and shoulders.
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depth
B1
/dɛpθ/
The distance from the top to the bottom of something.
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pose
B2
/poʊz/
To hold a particular position so that someone can paint, draw, or photograph you.
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landscape
A2
/ˈlændˌskeɪp/
A wide view of an area of countryside, including its hills, fields, and other features.
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photography
A2
/fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/
The art and activity of taking photographs.
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shutter
B1
/ˈʃʌt.ɚ/
close with shutters
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exposure
B2
/ɪkˈspoʊ.ʒɚ/
The state of being affected by something, such as a substance or influence.
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lens
B2
/lɛnz/
A curved piece of glass or plastic that focuses light, used in cameras, glasses, and microscopes.
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zoom
B2
/zuːm/
To move very fast, often with a humming sound.
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Music Theory(39)
music
A1
/ˈmju.zɪk/
Sounds arranged in a pleasing way using melody, rhythm, and harmony.
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note
A1
/noʊt/
A short piece of writing to help you remember something.
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piano
A1
/piˈænoʊ/
A large musical instrument with a keyboard of black and white keys that you press to make sounds.
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timing
B2
/ˈtaɪmɪŋ/
The choice of the right moment for something to happen.
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pitch
B2
/pɪt͡ʃ/
To throw a ball, especially to a batter in baseball.
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string
A2
/ˈstrɪŋ/
Thin cord or rope used for tying things.
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bass
C1
/bæs/
The low range of sound or musical tones.
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brass
B1
/bɹas/
A group of musical instruments made of metal that are played by blowing, such as trumpets and trombones.
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melody
B2
/ˈmɛl.ə.di/
A sequence of musical notes that forms a tune.
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harmony
A2
/ˈhɑ̟ɹ.mə.ni/
A state in which people get along well and agree with one another.
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orchestra
B1
/ˈoɹ.kɪs.tɹə/
A large group of musicians who play instruments together, often including strings, woodwind, brass and percussion.
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meter
A2
/ˈmitəɹ/
A unit of length equal to 100 centimetres (US spelling of 'metre').
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pause
B1
/pɔz/
A short stop in activity or speech before continuing.
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symphony
A2
/ˈsɪm.fə.ni/
A long piece of music in several parts, usually written for a full orchestra.
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improvise
C2
/ˈɪmpɹəvaɪz/
To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.
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chord
C2
/kɔɹd/
A harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.
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tempo
C2
/ˈtɛm.poʊ/
in music, the speed at which a composition is to be played
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variation
B2
/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
A change or difference in amount, level, or form.
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concerto
C1
/kənˈt͡ʃɛɹtoʊ/
A piece of music written for one or more solo instruments and an orchestra.
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presto
C1
/ˈprɛs.toʊ/
used to announce a sudden or seemingly magical result
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octave
C2
/ˈɑktɪv/
An interval of twelve semitones spanning eight degrees of the diatonic scale, representing a doubling or halving in pitch frequency.
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sonata
C2
/səˈnɑːtə/
a substantial musical composition for one instrument or a small group, usually arranged in several contrasting movements
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prelude
C2+
/ˈpɹeɪl(j)uːd/
An introductory or preliminary performance or event.
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crescendo
C2
/kɹɪˈʃɛn.doʊ/
a gradual increase in loudness, in music
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Art & Music(37)
dance
A1
/dæns/
To move your body in time to music.
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song
A1
/sɔŋ/
A short piece of music with words that you sing.
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art
A1
/ɑɹt/
The making of things like paintings, drawings, or sculptures to be beautiful or express ideas.
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draw
A1
/dɹɑ/
To make a picture or pattern with a pen, pencil, or similar tool.
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artist
B1
/ˈɑɹ.tɪst/
A person who creates art, such as paintings or sculptures.
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painting
A1
/ˈpeɪn.tɪŋ/
A picture made by applying paint to a surface.
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design
A1
/dɪˈzaɪn/
A plan or drawing showing how something will be made or how it will work.
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theater
A1
/ˈθi(ə)tɚ/
A building where plays or films are shown.
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concert
A1
/ˈkɑnsɚt/
a public performance of music
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jazz
B1
/d͡ʒæz/
A style of music with African American roots, known for improvisation, swing, and strong rhythm.
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gallery
A2
/ˈɡæl.ə.ɹi/
A room or building where works of art are displayed.
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ballet
B2
/bælˈeɪ/
A graceful, classical form of dance, often performed to tell a story with music.
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hip hop
A2
/ˈhɪp.hɑp/
A style of popular music with a strong rhythm and spoken or rapped lyrics.
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masterpiece
B2
/ˈmæstɚˌpis/
A work of art or skill that is outstanding and widely admired.
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canvas
C1
/ˈkænvəs/
A strong, rough cloth used for tents, sails, bags, and shoes.
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sculpture
B1
/ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/
A work of art made by shaping material such as stone, wood, clay, or metal into a three-dimensional form.
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funk
B2
/fɐŋk/
A style of dance music with a strong rhythm, related to jazz and soul.
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cabaret
C1
/ˌkæbəˈreɪ/
live entertainment consisting of songs, comedy, dance, or short acts presented in a restaurant, nightclub, or intimate theater
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artwork
B2
/ˈɑɹtˌwɝk/
A painting, drawing, sculpture, or other piece of visual art.
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choreography
C2
/ˌkɔɹiˈɑɡɹəfi/
The art of arranging the steps and movements of a dance.
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sculptor
B2
/ˈskʌlptɚ/
an artist who creates sculpture by carving, modeling, casting, or assembling materials
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aesthetic
C1
/ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/
Relating to beauty or the appreciation of beautiful things.
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jig
C1
/dʒɪɡ/
a lively traditional dance with quick steps and jumps, or the music for it
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reggae
B2
/ˈɹɛɡeɪ/
A style of popular music from Jamaica with a strong, steady rhythm and a heavy bass.
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Film & Television(37)
set
B1
/sɛt/
To put or place something in a particular position.
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shot
A2
/ʃɑt/
The act of firing a gun, or the sound it makes.
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movie
A1
/ˈmuːvi/
A story told through moving pictures and sound, shown on a screen.
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scene
A2
/siːn/
The place where something, especially an event or accident, happens.
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location
B1
/loʊˈkeɪʃən/
A particular place or position.
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cast
B2
/kast/
To choose an actor for a role in a film or play.
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series
B1
/ˈsɪɹ.iz/
A number of similar things or events that come one after another.
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episode
A2
/ˈɛp.ə.soʊd/
One part of a story shown in a TV or radio series.
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script
A2
/skrɪpt/
The written text of a play, film, or broadcast.
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festival
A1
/ˈfɛstəv(ə)l/
A series of special events celebrating something, such as music, film, or culture.
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footage
C1
/ˈfʊtɪd͡ʒ/
A piece of film or video that has been recorded.
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review
A2
/ɹɪˈvjuː/
A written or spoken opinion that judges a book, film, product, or performance.
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cinema
A1
/ˈsɪn.ə.mə/
A building where people go to watch films.
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trailer
B2
/ˈtɹeɪlɚ/
A short preview of a film or TV show.
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sequence
B1
/ˈsi.kwəns/
A set of things arranged or happening one after another in a particular order.
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stunt
C2
/stʌnt/
a difficult, unusual, or dangerous feat
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make-up
A2
/ˈmeɪkˌʌp/
Coloured substances put on the face to improve or change how you look.
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documentary
B1
/ˌdɑ.kjəˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/
A film or TV programme that gives facts about a real subject or event.
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fade
B1
/fæɪd/
To slowly lose color or brightness.
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cartoon
A2
/kɑɹˈtun/
A film made of drawings that appear to move, often funny and made for children.
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screenplay
C1
/ˈskɹiːnˌpleɪ/
The written script for a film or television show, including dialogue and stage directions.
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prop
C1
/pɹɑp/
An object used by actors on a stage or film set.
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screening
B2
/ˈskɹiːnɪŋ/
The process of testing or checking people or things to find any with a particular feature or problem.
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animation
B1
/ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/
The process of making films or images in which drawings or computer pictures appear to move.
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Theater & Performance(29)
play
A1
/pleɪ/
A story written to be performed by actors on a stage.
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act
A2
/ækt/
to do something or take action
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stage
A2
/steɪd͡ʒ/
A raised platform where actors, singers, or speakers perform in front of an audience.
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applause
B1
/əˈplɔz/
The sound and act of clapping the hands to show approval.
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role
A2
/ɹoʊl/
The part that someone or something plays in a situation or activity.
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movement
B1
/ˈmuːv.mənt/
The act of moving or changing position.
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mask
B2
/mask/
A covering for the face, used for protection or to hide who you are.
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entrance
A2
/ˈɛntrəns/
A door, gate, or opening through which you enter a place.
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exit
B1
/ˈeɪɡzɪt/
A door or passage for leaving a place.
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opera
B2
/ˈɑp.ə.ɹə/
A dramatic play set to music in which the words are sung rather than spoken.
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audition
B2
/ɑˈdɪʃən/
A short performance to show whether an actor, singer, or musician is suitable for a role.
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rehearsal
B2
/ɹɪˈhɝsl̩/
A practice session to prepare for a public performance such as a play or concert.
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curtain
B1
/ˈkɜɹt(ə)n/
A piece of cloth hung over a window to keep out light or give privacy.
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rehearse
B2
/ɹɪˈhɝs/
to practise a play, piece of music, speech, or other performance before presenting it publicly
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spotlight
C1
/ˈspɑtˌlaɪt/
Public attention or the center of attention.
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scenery
A2
/ˈsiːnəɹi/
The natural features of an area, such as mountains, rivers, and forests, seen as beautiful.
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farce
C1
/fɑɹs/
A situation that is absurd or ridiculous, often because it is so badly handled.
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encore
C1
/ˈɑnkoɹ/
an extra or repeated performance given after the scheduled program, usually in response to applause
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intermission
B1
/ɪntɚˈmɪʃən/
a short break between the parts of a play, concert, or other performance.
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melodrama
C2
/ˈmɛl.əˌdɹɑː.mə/
a sensational dramatic work with exaggerated emotions, clear moral oppositions, stock characters, and an eventful plot
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ovation
C2
/oʊˈveɪʃən/
an enthusiastic public reception, especially a sustained burst of applause
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pantomime
C2
/ˈpæn.təˌmaɪm/
in Britain, a comic musical stage show based on a traditional story and performed especially around Christmas
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acting
C2+
/ˈæktɪŋ/
the art of performing a role, or serving temporarily in a position
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burlesque
C2+
/bɚˈlɛsk/
a comic, exaggerated parody; to mock by such caricature
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Entertainment & Leisure(22)
party
A1
/ˈpɑɹ.ti/
A social event where people meet to celebrate, eat, and have fun.
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fun
A1
/fʌn/
Enjoyment, amusement, or a good time.
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game
A1
/ɡeɪm/
An activity with rules that you play for fun or to win.
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relax
A2
/ɹɪˈlæks/
To rest and become calm, free from worry or effort.
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joke
A2
/d͡ʒoʊk/
Something said or done to make people laugh.
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toy
A2
/tɔɪ/
An object for children to play with.
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entertainment
A2
/ˌɛn.tɚˈteɪn.mənt/
Activity such as films, music, or games that gives people enjoyment.
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celebration
B1
/ˌsɛl.əˈbɹeɪ.ʃən/
A party or special event held to mark a happy occasion.
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hobby
A1
/ˈhɑ.bi/
An activity that you enjoy doing in your free time.
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heroine
C1
/ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/
The main female character in a story, film, or play.
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leisure
A2
/ˈliʒɚ/
Time when you are free from work and can relax and do what you enjoy.
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gala
C1
/ˈɡeɪ.lə/
a special public celebration or entertainment, often held for a formal or charitable purpose
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thriller
B1
/ˈθɹɪ.ləɹ/
An exciting book, film, or play full of suspense, often about crime or danger.
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divertisement
C2+
/dɪˈvɜrtɪsmənt/
an amusement or diversion; an entertainment (archaic)
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festivity
C2+
/fɛˈstɪvɪti/
joyful celebration; the activities of a feast or party
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aficionado
C2
/əˌfɪʃ.i.əˈnɑ.doʊ/
a person who knows a great deal about a subject or activity and enjoys it enthusiastically
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bum around
B2
to spend time idly without doing useful work
Phrasal verb
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cap off
B1
to complete an event or activity with a final notable action
Phrasal verb
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curl up
B2
to bend one's body into a compact rounded position
Phrasal verb
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mess around
B1
to spend time on aimless or unplanned activities
Phrasal verb
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muck around
C2
to spend time idly or on aimless activities, informally
Phrasal verb
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sit around
A1
to spend time seated or remaining somewhere without much activity
Phrasal verb
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Astronomy & Space(38)
sun
A1
/sʌn/
The star that gives light and heat to the Earth and the other planets.
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star
A1
/stɑɹ/
A bright point of light seen in the night sky.
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moon
A2
/mun/
The large round object that shines in the sky at night and circles the Earth.
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universe
B1
/ˈjuːnəˌvɝs/
Everything that exists, including all of space, time, and matter.
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revolution
B2
/ˌɹɛv.əˈluː.ʃən/
A sudden, often violent attempt by people to overthrow a government and change the political system.
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launch
B1
/lɑːnt͡ʃ/
To start something new, such as a product, project, or campaign.
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atmosphere
B1
/ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/
The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth or another planet.
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satellite
B1
/ˈsætəˌlaɪt/
A machine sent into space to orbit the Earth and send back signals or information.
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gravity
C1
/ˈɡɹævəti/
The natural force that pulls objects toward the earth or toward each other.
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solar
B2
/ˈsoʊ.ləɹ/
Relating to the sun.
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radiation
B1
/ˌɹæɪ.diˈæɪ.ʃən/
Energy that travels as rays, waves, or particles, such as heat or light.
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galaxy
C2
/ˈɡɛl.ək.si/
a vast gravitationally bound system of stars, gas, dust, dark matter, and other astronomical objects
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vacuum
C1
/ˈvæ.kjuːm/
A space that contains no matter or air.
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horizon
B1
/həˈɹaɪ.zən/
The line in the distance where the sky seems to meet the land or sea.
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telescope
B2
/ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/
An instrument that makes distant objects look closer and larger, especially stars and planets.
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meteor
B1
/ˈmiːtiɚ/
a streak of light produced when a small piece of matter from space enters Earth's atmosphere and becomes intensely hot
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crater
B2
/ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/
A large bowl-shaped hole in the ground made by an impact or explosion.
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aurora
C1
/əˈrɔrə/
a display of colored light in the polar sky caused by charged solar particles interacting with the upper atmosphere
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spectrum
C1
/ˈspɛktrəm/
A wide range of related ideas, opinions, qualities, or things.
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rotation
C1
/ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/
The act of turning around a central point or axis.
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zodiac
C2
/ˈzoʊ.di.æk/
the belt of the sky centered on the ecliptic through which the sun, moon, and visible planets appear to move
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astronomy
B2
/əˈstɹɑn.ə.mi/
The scientific study of the stars, planets, and the universe.
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nebula
C2
/ˈnebjələ/
an interstellar cloud of gas and dust, often associated with the formation or death of stars
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meteorite
B2
/ˈmiːtiəˌraɪt/
a piece of rock or metal from space that survives passage through an atmosphere and reaches the ground
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Chemistry(50)
iron
B1
/æːn/
A common hard grey metal that rusts and is used to make steel
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solution
A2
/səˈl(j)uːʃən/
A way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation.
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reaction
B1
/ɹiˈækʃən/
The way you behave or feel because of something that has happened.
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crystal
C1
/ˈkɹɪstəl/
A clear, solid mineral form with a regular geometric shape; high-quality clear glass.
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chemical
A2
/ˈkɛm.ɪ.kəl/
A substance, such as an element or compound, used in or produced by chemistry.
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acid
B2
/ˈæsəd/
A chemical substance, often sour or corrosive, that reacts with bases and can dissolve metals.
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element
B1
/ˈɛləmənt/
One of the parts that together make up a whole.
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copper
B2
/ˈkɑpəɹ/
A soft reddish-brown metal (symbol Cu) used in wires, pipes, and coins.
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chemistry
B1
/ˈkɛm.ɪ.stɹi/
The science that studies what substances are made of and how they change.
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carbon
B2
/ˈkɑɹ.bən/
A chemical element (symbol C) found in all living things, and in forms such as graphite and diamond.
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compound¹
B1
/ˈkɑmpaʊnd/
a substance made by combining two or more elements or ingredients
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laboratory
B1
/ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/
A room or building equipped for scientific research, experiments, or analysis.
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concentration
B1
/ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/
the ability to give all your attention to something
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hydrogen
C1
/ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/
The lightest chemical element (symbol H), a colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas.
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atom
A2
/ˈætəm/
The smallest part of a chemical element that can exist.
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chemist
B1
/ˈkɛmɪst/
A scientist who studies or works with chemistry.
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sodium
B1
/ˈsoʊ.di.əm/
Employing sodium.
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dioxide
B1
/daɪˈɑksaɪd/
A chemical compound that has two oxygen atoms in each molecule.
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nitrogen
B1
/ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/
The chemical element with an atomic number of 7 and atomic weight of 14.0067. It is a colorless and odorless gas.
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reduction
B1
/ɹɪˈdak.ʃən/
The act of making something smaller or less.
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calcium
B1
/ˈkæl.si.əm/
the chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20, a soft, silvery, reactive alkaline-earth metal that occurs naturally only in compounds
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potassium
B2
/pəˈtæs.i.əm/
the chemical element with symbol K and atomic number 19, a soft, silvery, highly reactive alkali metal that occurs naturally only in compounds
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nucleus
B1
/ˈnuː.kli.əs/
The central part of an atom, made of protons and neutrons.
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ion
B2
/ˈaɪ.ɑn/
an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative electrical charge because it has lost or gained electrons
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Physics(52)
matter
A2
/ˈmæt.ɚ/
A situation, subject, or affair that is being dealt with or considered.
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power
A2
/ˈpaʊɚ/
The ability to control or influence people and events.
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force
A2
/foɹs/
Physical power or strength used on something.
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energy
A2
/ˈɛn.əɹ.d͡ʒi/
The strength and ability to be active without getting tired.
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speed
A2
/spiːd/
How fast something moves or happens.
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heat
A2
/ˈhiːt/
The quality of being hot; high temperature.
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weight
A2
/weɪt/
How heavy something or someone is.
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nuclear
B1
/ˈn(j)u.kli.ɚ/
Using the energy released when atoms are split or joined.
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motion
B2
/ˈmoʊ.ʃən/
The act or process of moving; movement.
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electricity
B1
/ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/
The energy carried by the flow of electric charge, used to power lights, machines, and devices.
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temperature
A2
/ˈtɛm.pəɹˌt͡ʃɚ/
A measure of how hot or cold something is.
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resistance
B2
/ɹɪˈzɪstəns/
The act of fighting against or refusing to accept something.
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physics
B1
/ˈfɪz.ɪks/
The science that studies matter, energy, and how they affect each other.
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laser
B2
/ˈleɪzɚ/
A device that produces a narrow, powerful beam of light.
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volume
B1
/ˈvɑ.ljum/
How loud a sound is.
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circuit
B2
/ˈsɝ.kɪt/
A complete path that an electric current flows around.
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fluid
B2
/ˈfluɪd/
A liquid; a substance that flows.
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reflection
B1
/ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/
An image seen in a mirror or shiny surface.
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interference
C1
/ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/
The act of getting involved in something that does not concern you.
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fusion
C1
/ˈfjuːʒən/
The act of joining separate things into one, or the result of doing so.
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momentum
C1
/ˌmoʊˈmɛntəm/
The driving force that keeps an idea, process, or campaign moving forward.
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friction
B2
/ˈfɹɪkʃən̩/
The rubbing of one object or surface against another.
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density
C1
/ˈdɛn.sə.ti/
How much of something there is in a given space or area.
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voltage
B1
/ˈvoʊltɪd͡ʒ/
the electric potential difference between two points, equal to energy transferred per unit electric charge and measured in volts
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Biology & Genetics(48)
system
A2
/ˈsɪstəm/
A set of connected parts that work together as a whole.
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DNA
B2
/ˌdiˌɛnˈeɪ/
The substance in living cells that carries genetic information and passes on characteristics.
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species
B2
/ˈspiːʃiːz/
A group of living things that are similar and can breed with one another.
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sperm
C1
/spɜɹm/
a male reproductive cell that can fertilize an egg cell
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evolution
B2
/ˌɛvəˈluʃ(ə)n/
The gradual process by which something changes and develops over time.
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selection
B1
/səˈlɛkʃən/
a range of things to choose from
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biology
B1
/baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
The science that studies living things such as plants and animals.
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inherit
B2
/ɪnˈhɛɹɪt/
To receive money, property, or a title from someone after they die.
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clone
A2
/kloʊn/
A copy of something made to look or work just like the original.
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fossil
C1
/ˈfɑsl̩/
the preserved remains or shape of a plant or animal that lived long ago
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extinction
B1
/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/
The situation in which a species or group no longer exists.
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parasite
C1
/ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/
An animal or plant that lives on or inside another and feeds off it.
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habitat
B1
/ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
The natural place where a plant or animal lives.
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organism
B1
/ɔʳˈɡan.ɪzəm/
A single living thing, such as an animal, plant, or microbe.
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genetics
B1
/dʒəˈnɛtɪks/
The branch of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from parents to children.
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mammal
C2
/ˈmæməl/
any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair
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biologist
B1
/baɪˈɑː.lə.dʒɪst/
a scientist who studies living organisms and the processes of life
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reproduction
C1
/ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/
The biological process by which living things produce offspring.
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embryo
C1
/ˈɛmbɹi.oʊ/
a plant, animal, or human in the earliest stages of development
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metabolism
C1
/məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.əm/
the set of chemical processes by which a living organism converts substances into energy and materials needed for life, growth, and repair
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ecosystem
B1
/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
All the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and their environment.
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genome
C1
/ˈd͡ʒiː.noʊm/
The complete set of genetic information in an organism.
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membrane
B2
/ˈmɛm.bɹeɪn/
a thin pliable sheet of material
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respiration
B2
/ɹɛspɪˈɹeɪʃən/
The process of breathing in and out.
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Science & Research(117)
science
A1
/ˈsaɪ.əns/
The study of the physical world through observation and experiment, covering subjects like physics, chemistry, and biology.
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research
A2
/ˈrisɚtʃ/
A careful study to discover new facts or information.
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theory
B1
/ˈθɪ.ɹi/
A set of ideas that explains how or why something happens, supported by evidence.
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data
A2
/ˈdeɪtə/
Facts and figures collected for analysis or to draw conclusions.
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experiment
B1
/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/
A scientific test done to discover something or to check whether an idea is true.
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scientific
A2
/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
Relating to science or the way science is done.
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discovery
B1
/dɪsˈkʌv(.ə).ɹi/
Something that is found or learned for the first time.
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analysis
B1
/əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/
The careful study of something by examining its parts in detail.
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engineering
B1
/ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ.ɪŋ/
The work of using science and maths to design and build machines, structures, and systems.
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mutant
C2
/ˈmjuː.tənt/
an organism, cell, gene, or other biological entity that carries a mutation
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uranium
B2
/ˌjuːˈɹeɪniəm/
The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U. A radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series.
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hypothesis
C2
[haɪˈpʰɑθəsɪs]
An idea put forward to explain something, which can then be tested.
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helium
C1
/ˈhiː.li.əm/
a very light, colorless, and odorless element that is one of the six inert gasses
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silicon
B2
/ˈsɪl.ə.kən/
the chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14, a hard, brittle semiconductor abundant in rocks as silica and silicates and widely used in electronic devices
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arsenic
C2
/ˈɑɹsənɪk/
a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms
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plutonium
C2
/pluːˈtoʊniəm/
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.
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geology
B1
/d͡ʒiˈɑ.lə.dʒi/
The science that studies the structure of the earth and its rocks.
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lithium
C1
/ˈlɪθ.i.əm/
the chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3, a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive alkali metal and the lightest metal
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iodine
C1
/ˈaɪəˌdaɪn/
the chemical element with atomic number 53, a dark halogen that forms a violet vapor when heated
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prism
C1
/ˈprɪzəm/
a transparent optical element with flat faces that refracts light, often separating it into colors
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brimstone
C2
/ˈbɹɪmstoʊn/
An old name for the element sulfur.
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cobalt
C1
/ˈkoʊbɔlt/
the chemical element with atomic number 27, a hard silvery-blue metal used in alloys, batteries, magnets, and pigments
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infusion
C1
/ɪnˈfjuːʒən/
the introduction of a new element, quality, or resource that changes or strengthens something
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hydraulics
B2
/haɪˈdrɑː.lɪks/
the science and engineering of liquids in motion and their use to transmit force
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Mathematics & Measurement(49)
unit
A2
/ˈjuː.nɪt/
A fixed amount used as a standard for measuring something.
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square
A2
/skweɹ/
A flat shape with four equal sides and four right angles.
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circle
A2
/ˈsɜɹkəl/
A perfectly round shape, like a ring.
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average
A2
/ˈæv.ɚ.ɪd͡ʒ/
The result of adding several amounts and dividing by how many there are.
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math
A1
/mæθ/
The study of numbers, shapes, and quantities; mathematics.
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scale
A2
/skeɪl/
The size or extent of something, especially when it is large.
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pound
B1
/ˈpæʊ̯nd/
A unit of weight equal to about 454 grams (16 ounces).
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measure
B1
/ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/
To find the size, amount, or degree of something.
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height
B1
/haɪt/
How tall a person or thing is.
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inch
A2
/ɪnt͡ʃ/
A unit of length equal to 2.54 cm, about the width of a thumb.
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formula
B1
/ˈfɔɹ.mjə.lə/
A mathematical or scientific rule written with symbols.
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length
B1
/leŋθ/
How long something is from one end to the other.
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dimension
B2
/dɪˈmɛn.ʃən/
A measurement such as length, width, or height.
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triangle
B2
/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/
A flat shape with three straight sides and three angles.
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equation
B2
/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/
A mathematical statement that two amounts or expressions are equal.
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mathematics
B1
/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
The study of numbers, shapes, quantities, and the relationships between them.
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ounce
B2
/aʊns/
A unit of weight equal to about 28 grams, or one sixteenth of a pound.
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statistics
B2
/stəˈtɪs.tɪks/
A set of numbers that gives information about something.
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kilo
A2
/ˈkiloʊ/
A unit of weight equal to one thousand grams; short for kilogram.
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pi
B2
/paɪ/
The number (about 3.14159) you get when you divide a circle's circumference by its diameter.
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theta
B2
/ˈθeɪtə/
the measure of an angle.
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gram
A2
/ˈɡɹæm/
A metric unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a kilogram (symbol: g).
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geometry
B2
/d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/
the branch of mathematics that studies points, lines, shapes, surfaces, and spatial relationships
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tod
C2
/tɑːd/
a former British unit of weight for wool, usually equal to 28 pounds (about 12.7 kilograms)
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Nature & Landscape(114)
earth
A2
/ɝθ/
The planet that we live on, third from the Sun.
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island
A1
/ˈaɪlənd/
A piece of land that is completely surrounded by water
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river
A1
/ˈɹɪvɚ/
A large natural stream of water flowing across land toward the sea, a lake, or another river.
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beach
A1
/bit͡ʃ/
An area of sand or small stones next to the sea or a lake.
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mountain
A1
/ˈmaʊn.t(ə)n/
A very high, steep hill, usually with rocky sides and a peak.
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lake
A2
/ˈleɪk/
A large body of water surrounded by land.
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hill
A2
/hɪl/
A raised area of land, higher than the ground around it but smaller than a mountain.
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forest
A2
/ˈfɔɹəst/
A large area thickly covered with trees.
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desert¹
A2
/ˈdɛz.ɚt/
A large dry area of land, often covered with sand, where little grows.
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desert²
B2
/dɪˈzɝt/
To leave someone or something, especially when you should stay.
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valley
A2
/ˈvæli/
A low area of land between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.
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bay
A2
/beɪ/
A part of the sea or a lake that curves into the land.
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tunnel
B2
/ˈtʌn(ə)l/
A passage built under the ground or through a hill, often for trains, cars, or people.
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cave
B1
/keɪv/
A large natural hole in the side of a hill or under the ground.
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grass
A2
/ɡræs/
A common green plant with thin leaves that covers fields, lawns, and gardens.
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jungle
B1
/ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/
A thick tropical forest full of wild plants and animals.
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stream
B1
/stɹiːm/
A small, narrow river.
Meaning
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ranger
B2
/ˈɹeɪ̯nd͡ʒɚ/
An official who looks after and protects a forest or park.
Meaning
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creek
B2
/kɹik/
A small natural stream of water, smaller than a river.
Meaning
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dam
A2
/ˈdæm/
A barrier built across a river to hold back or control the water.
Meaning
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peak
B2
/piːk/
The pointed top of a mountain.
Meaning
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volcano
B1
/vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/
A mountain with an opening through which lava, ash, and gas erupt from inside the earth.
Meaning
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glen
C1
/ɡlɪn/
a narrow, secluded valley, especially in Scotland or Ireland and often containing a stream
Meaning
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summit
B1
/ˈsʌmət/
The highest point of a mountain or hill.
Meaning
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Animals(518)
whoa
A2
/woʊ/
used as a command for a horse or other animal to stop or slow down
Meaning
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dog
A1
/dɔɡ/
A common four-legged animal often kept as a pet or for work.
Meaning
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horse
A1
/hɔɹs/
A large four-legged animal that people ride and use for pulling loads.
Meaning
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fish
A1
/ˈfɪ̝ʃ/
An animal that lives in water and breathes through gills, usually with scales and fins.
Meaning
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cat
A1
/kæt/
A small furry animal with whiskers and a tail, often kept as a pet.
Meaning
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bear
A2
/bɛɚ/
A large, heavy wild animal with thick fur and strong claws.
Meaning
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chicken
A1
/ˈt͡ʃɪkən/
A common farm bird kept for its eggs and meat.
Meaning
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animal
A1
/ˈæn.ᵻ.məl/
A living creature that can move and feel, such as a dog, bird, or fish, but not a plant.
Meaning
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bird
A1
/ˈbɝd/
An animal with feathers and wings that lays eggs and can usually fly.
Meaning
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martin
B2
/ˈmɑɹ.tɪn/
a swallow-like bird with long pointed wings that catches insects while flying
Meaning
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pig
A1
/pɪɡ/
A farm animal with a fat body, short legs, and a flat nose, kept for its meat.
Meaning
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horn
B1
/hɔɹn/
A hard pointed growth on the head of some animals, such as cows or goats.
Meaning
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monkey
A2
/ˈmʌŋki/
A small to medium-sized animal that usually has a long tail and lives mainly in trees.
Meaning
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egg
A1
/ɛɡ/
A rounded object laid by a bird, especially a hen, used as food.
Meaning
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wolf
B2
/wʊlf/
A large wild animal of the dog family that hunts in groups.
Meaning
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beast
B1
/ˈbiːst/
An animal, especially a large or dangerous wild one.
Meaning
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cow
A1
/kaʊ/
A large female farm animal kept for its milk and meat.
Meaning
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creature
A2
/ˈkɹi.tʃɚ/
A living thing, especially an animal.
Meaning
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snake
A1
/ˈsneɪk/
A long, legless reptile with a thin body and a forked tongue.
Meaning
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duck
A2
/dʌk/
A common water bird with a flat beak, short legs, and webbed feet.
Meaning
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tiger
A1
/ˈtaɪɡɚ/
A large, powerful wild cat with orange fur and black stripes, native to Asia.
Meaning
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lion
A1
/ˈlaɪən/
A large wild cat with a tan coat, the males having a shaggy mane, native to Africa and India.
Meaning
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jay
B2
/ˈd͡ʒeɪ/
a noisy, often brightly colored bird of the crow family, typically with a crest
Meaning
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fox
B2
/fɑks/
A wild animal like a small dog, with reddish-brown fur, pointed ears, and a long bushy tail.
Meaning
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Gardening & Horticulture(65)
tree
A1
/triː/
A tall plant with a wooden trunk, branches, and leaves.
Meaning
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plant
A2
/plænt/
A living thing that grows in the ground and has leaves and roots, such as a flower or tree.
Meaning
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flower
A1
/ˈflaʊ.ɚ/
The colourful part of a plant that produces seeds, often with a pleasant smell.
Meaning
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pot
B1
/pɑt/
A deep round container used for cooking or for growing plants.
Meaning
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border
B1
/ˈbɔə.də/
The line that separates two countries or regions.
Meaning
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sand
B1
/ˈsænd/
Tiny loose grains of worn rock that form beaches and deserts.
Meaning
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cutting
C1
/ˈkʌtɪŋ/
A small piece cut from a plant and used to grow a new one.
Meaning
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bud
B2
/bʌd/
A small swelling on a plant that grows into a leaf or flower
Meaning
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stake
B2
/steɪk/
A share or financial interest in a business or situation.
Meaning
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clay
A2
/kleɪ/
A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.
Meaning
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bush
A2
/bʊʃ/
A low woody plant with many stems, smaller than a tree.
Meaning
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soil
B1
/sɔɪl/
The top layer of earth in which plants grow.
Meaning
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weed
B2
/wiːd/
A wild plant growing where it is not wanted, especially among crops or in a garden.
Meaning
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root
A2
/ɹuːt/
The part of a plant that grows underground and takes in water and nutrients.
Meaning
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seed
A2
/ˈsiːd/
a small part of a plant from which a new plant grows
Meaning
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lawn
B2
/lɔn/
An area of short, regularly cut grass, usually around a house or in a garden.
Meaning
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leaf
B1
/liːf/
The flat, usually green part of a plant that grows from a stem or branch.
Meaning
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harvest
A2
/ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
The crops that are gathered in, or the amount gathered.
Meaning
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bloom
A2
/bluːm/
To produce flowers; to open into flower.
Meaning
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transplant
B1
/tɹænsˈplænt/
to move an organ, tissue, or living cells to another part of a body or into another body
Meaning
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hose
B2
/hoʊz/
a long flexible tube used to carry water, gas, or another fluid
Meaning
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container
A2
/kənˈteɪnɚ/
An object such as a box, jar, or bottle used to hold or store things.
Meaning
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nursery
B2
/ˈnɝsəɹi/
A place where young children are looked after while their parents work.
Meaning
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blossom
B2
/ˈblɑ.səm/
A flower or mass of flowers, especially on a fruit tree.
Meaning
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Plants & Agriculture(290)
stick
B1
/ˈstɪk/
A thin piece of wood, especially one that has fallen from a tree.
Meaning
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rose
B2
/ɹoʊz/
A flower with a sweet smell and a thorny stem, often given as a sign of love.
Meaning
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farm
A1
/fɑɹm/
An area of land and buildings used for growing crops or raising animals.
Meaning
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lily
A1
/ˈlɪli/
A tall garden flower with large, showy, often trumpet-shaped blooms.
Meaning
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holly
B2
/ˈhɑli/
an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Ilex, typically with glossy prickly leaves and red berries
Meaning
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trunk
B2
/tɹʌŋk/
The thick main stem of a tree.
Meaning
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corn
A1
/ˈkɔɹn/
A tall plant that produces yellow grains on a cob; maize.
Meaning
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branch
A2
/bɹænt͡ʃ/
A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk.
Meaning
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log
B1
/lɔɡ/
A thick piece of a tree trunk that has been cut.
Meaning
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farmer
A1
/ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/
A person who owns or works on a farm.
Meaning
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daisy
B1
/ˈdeɪzi/
A small wild flower with white petals and a yellow center.
Meaning
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heather
C1
/ˈhɛðɚ/
a low evergreen plant with small purple, pink, or white flowers, common on moorland
Meaning
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ginger
B1
/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/
A spicy root used to flavor food and drinks.
Meaning
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reed
B2
/ɹiːd/
A tall, thin plant with a hollow stem that grows in or near water.
Meaning
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mill
B2
/mɪl/
A building or factory where grain is crushed into flour, or where materials like cloth or paper are made.
Meaning
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bean
A2
/ˈbi(ː)n/
A seed or seedpod from certain plants, eaten as a vegetable.
Meaning
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oak
A2
/oʊk/
A large tree with strong wood and seeds called acorns.
Meaning
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straw
B1
/stɹɔ/
The dry, yellow stems of cut grain plants like wheat.
Meaning
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iris
C2
/ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/
A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
Meaning
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tobacco
B1
/təˈbæk.oʊ/
The dried leaves of the tobacco plant, prepared for smoking or chewing.
Meaning
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grain
B1
/ɡɹeɪn/
The seeds of food crops such as wheat, corn, and rice, used for food.
Meaning
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pine
B2
/ˈpaɪn/
A tall evergreen tree with long thin needles instead of leaves.
Meaning
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wheat
B2
/wiːt/
A cereal grain grown for food and used to make flour for bread, pasta, and other foods.
Meaning
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hay
B2
/heɪ/
Grass that is cut and dried to feed animals.
Meaning
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Weather & Climate(41)
wind²
B1
/waɪnd/
To follow a twisting, curving path.
Meaning
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warm
A1
/wɔɹm/
Having a pleasant temperature that is fairly high but not hot.
Meaning
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rain
A1
/reɪn/
Water that falls from clouds in drops.
Meaning
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weather
A1
/ˈwɛð.ɚ/
The state of the air outside at a particular time and place, such as how hot, cold, wet, or windy it is.
Meaning
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snow
A1
/snoʊ̯/
Soft white flakes of frozen water that fall from the sky in cold weather.
Meaning
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storm
A2
/stɔɹm/
Very bad weather with strong winds and usually rain, thunder, or lightning.
Meaning
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thunder
B1
/ˈθʌndɚ/
The loud rumbling or crashing sound that follows a flash of lightning.
Meaning
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hail
B2
/heɪl/
When small balls of ice fall from the sky.
Meaning
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lightning
B1
/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/
A bright flash of light in the sky during a storm, caused by electricity.
Meaning
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sunny
A1
/ˈsʌni/
Having a lot of bright sunshine.
Meaning
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breeze
A2
/briːz/
A light, gentle wind.
Meaning
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flood
A2
/flʌd/
A large amount of water covering land that is usually dry.
Meaning
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climate
B1
/ˈklaɪ.mɪt/
The usual weather conditions of an area over a long period of time.
Meaning
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fog
A2
/fɔɡ/
A thick cloud near the ground that makes it hard to see.
Meaning
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hurricane
B1
/ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/
A very powerful tropical storm with extremely strong winds and heavy rain.
Meaning
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drought
B2
/ˈdɹɐʊ̯t/
A long period with little or no rain, causing a shortage of water.
Meaning
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forecast
B1
/ˈfɔɹkæst/
To say what is likely to happen in the future, based on what you know now.
Meaning
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thunderclap
C2
/ˈθʌndɚˌklæp/
a single sudden, loud crash of thunder, especially from a nearby lightning strike
Meaning
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thermos
C2
/ˈθɝː.məs/
a vacuum-insulated flask or container designed to keep its contents hot or cold
Meaning
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thunderstorm
A2
/ˈθʌn.dɚˌstɔɹm/
A storm with thunder, lightning, and usually heavy rain.
Meaning
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siesta
C2
/siˈɛstə/
a rest or nap taken in the early afternoon, especially in a hot climate
Meaning
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rainstorm
B2
/ˈɹeɪnstɔɹm/
A storm with heavy rain.
Meaning
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summerhouse
C2
/ˈsʌmərˌhaʊs/
a small garden building used for sitting or relaxing in warm weather
Meaning
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squall
C1
/skwɔːl/
a sudden, brief increase in wind speed, often accompanied by rain or snow
Meaning
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Environment & Ecology(10)
waste
B1
/ˈweɪst/
To use time, money, or resources badly so that they are lost or have no useful result.
Meaning
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environment
A2
/ɪnˈvaɪ.ɚn.mənt/
The natural world of land, air, water, plants, and animals.
Meaning
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pollution
A2
/pəˈluʃən/
The harmful contamination of the air, water, or land with dirty or dangerous substances.
Meaning
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conservation
B1
/ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/
The protection of the environment and natural resources.
Meaning
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recycle
A2
/ɹəˈsaɪkəl/
To process used materials so they can be made into something new.
Meaning
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sustainable
C1
/səˈsteɪnəbəl/
Able to continue for a long time without harming the environment or using up resources.
Meaning
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emission
B2
/ˈɛmɪʃən/
A gas or substance released into the air, especially a polluting one.
Meaning
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environmentalism
C2+
/ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəlɪzəm/
concern for and advocacy of the protection of the natural environment
Meaning
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die off
A2
to gradually die until few or no members of a group remain
Phrasal verb
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dispose of
C1
to get rid of something or arrange for it to leave your possession
Prepositional verb
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Places & Geography(351)
stop
A1
/stɑp/
A place where a bus or train regularly halts to let passengers on and off.
Meaning
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place
A1
/ˈpleːs/
A particular point, area, or location.
Meaning
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hell
B2
/hɛl/
In some religions, a place of punishment where evil people are believed to go after death.
Meaning
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haven
B1
/ˈheɪvən/
A safe place where someone can find protection.
Meaning
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city
A1
/ˈsɪti/
A large town where many people live and work.
Meaning
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town
A1
/ˈtaʊn/
A place where people live and work, larger than a village but smaller than a city.
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country
A2
/ˈkʌntri/
A nation with its own land and government.
Meaning
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area
A2
/ˈɛɹ.i.ə/
A particular part of a place or region.
Meaning
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bar
A2
/bɑɹ/
A place where you can buy and drink alcoholic drinks.
Meaning
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park
A1
/pɑɹk/
A public area of grass and trees in a town where people relax and play.
Meaning
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college
A1
/ˈkɒlɪd͡ʒ/
A place where students study after secondary school, often to earn a degree.
Meaning
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village
A2
/ˈvɪlɪdʒ/
A small group of houses and buildings in the countryside, smaller than a town.
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field
A2
/ˈfi(ː)ld/
An area of open land, especially one used for crops or grazing.
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spot
B1
/spɑt/
A particular place or area.
Meaning
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camp
A2
/kæmp/
A place where people stay in tents or simple buildings for a short time.
Meaning
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hall
A2
/hɔl/
A passage or area inside a building that connects rooms.
Meaning
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view
A2
/vjuː/
What you can see from a particular place, especially beautiful scenery.
Meaning
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turning
B1
/ˈtɝ.nɪŋ/
A place where a road branches off from another; a side road or junction.
Meaning
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mayor
B1
/ˈmeɪ.əɹ/
The elected leader of the government of a city or town.
Meaning
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tour
A2
/tɔː(ɹ)/
A short journey to see a place, building, or area.
Meaning
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site
A2
/saɪt/
a place on the internet where you can read pages and find information; a website
Meaning
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map
A1
/ˈmæp/
A drawing of an area that shows where places, roads, and features are.
Meaning
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grave
B1
/ɡɹeɪv/
A place in the ground where a dead body is buried, often marked by a stone.
Meaning
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source
A2
/sɔɹs/
The place, person, or thing that something comes from.
Meaning
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Law & Government(94)
police
A2
/pəˈliːs/
The official organization, and its members, whose job is to keep order, prevent crime, and make sure people obey the law.
Meaning
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law
A2
/lɔ/
An official rule that everyone in a country or community must obey.
Meaning
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court
A2
/ˈkɔɹt/
A place where legal cases are heard and judged.
Meaning
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government
A2
/ˈɡʌv.ɚ(n).mənt/
The group of people who officially control and run a country.
Meaning
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judge
B1
/d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/
An official who controls a court of law and decides how criminals should be punished.
Meaning
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duty
B1
/ˈdjuː.ti/
Something you have to do because it is right or because the law or your job requires it.
Meaning
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rule
A1
/ɹuːl/
An instruction that says what you are or are not allowed to do.
Meaning
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vote
B1
/voʊt/
To formally show which person or choice you support in an election or decision.
Meaning
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legal
B1
/ˈli.ɡəl/
Allowed or required by law.
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license
A2
/ˈlaɪ.səns/
An official document that gives you permission to do or own something.
Meaning
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illegal
A2
/ɪˈli.ɡəl/
Not allowed by the law.
Meaning
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warrant
C1
/ˈwɔɹənt/
An official document allowing police to search, seize, or arrest someone.
Meaning
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authority
B1
/əˈθɔɹədi/
The power or right to give orders and make people obey.
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policy
B1
/ˈpɑ.lə.si/
An official plan or set of rules that a government, company, or person decides to follow.
Meaning
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election
B1
/ɪˈlɛkʃn/
An event in which people vote to choose a leader or representative.
Meaning
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permit
B1
/pɚˈmɪt/
To allow someone to do something.
Meaning
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penalty
B2
/ˈpɛn.əl.ti/
A punishment given for breaking a rule or law.
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verdict
C1
/ˈvɝ.dɪkt/
The decision a jury or judge makes about whether someone is guilty in a court case.
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settlement
B1
/ˈsɛ.təl.mənt/
An official agreement that ends a dispute, often without going to court.
Meaning
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parliament
B2
/ˈpɑɹ.lə.mənt/
The group of elected people who make a country's laws.
Meaning
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coroner
C2
/ˈkɔɹ.ə.nɚ/
A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.
Meaning
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constitution
B1
/ˌkɑn.stɪˈtu.ʃ(ə)n/
The set of basic laws and principles by which a country or organization is governed.
Meaning
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obligation
B2
/ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/
Something you must do because of a law, promise, or moral duty.
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ruling
C1
/ˈɹuːlɪŋ/
An official decision made by a court or someone in authority.
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Politics & International Affairs(23)
president
B1
/ˈpɹez.ɪ.dənt/
The elected head of state in a republic, such as the United States.
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minister
B2
/ˈmɪn.əˌstɚ/
A senior politician in charge of a government department.
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political
A2
/pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/
Relating to government, the state, or the way a country is run.
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nation
A2
/ˈneɪʃən/
A country considered as a political and independent state.
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campaign
B1
/kæmˈpeɪn/
A planned series of actions to achieve a particular goal.
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international
A2
/ˌɪn.(t)ɚˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/
involving or relating to two or more countries.
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politics
B1
/ˈpɑ.lɪ.tɪks/
The activities involved in governing a country or area, and the debate between groups who want power.
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ambassador
B2
/æmˈbæs.ə.dɚ/
The most senior official who represents their country in a foreign country.
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democracy
B1
/dɪˈmɑ.kɹə.si/
A system of government in which people choose their leaders by voting.
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federation
B2
/ˌfed.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
a political union whose constituent states or regions retain some internal self-government
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treaty
B2
/ˈtɹiti/
A formal written agreement between two or more countries.
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diplomatic
C1
/ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/
Relating to the work of managing relations between countries.
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manifesto
C2
/ˌmæn.əˈfes.toʊ/
a public written declaration of the principles, policies, aims, or intentions of a political party, government, or movement
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signatory
C2+
/ˈsɪɡnəˌtɔri/
a party who has signed an agreement or treaty
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colonialism
C2+
/kəˈloʊniəˌlɪzəm/
the policy of one nation controlling and exploiting another territory
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expansionism
C2+
/ɪkˈspænʃəˌnɪzəm/
a policy of extending a nation's territory or economic influence
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exchequer
C1
/ɛksˈtʃɛkɚ/
the national treasury or financial department of a government
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theatrocracy
C2+
/ˌθiːəˈtrɑːkrəsi/
government by citizens assembled in a theater, especially as a description of ancient Athenian democracy
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repatriate
C2
/ɹiːˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/
to send or bring someone back to their own country
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sloganeering
C2
/ˌsloʊ.ɡəˈnɪr.ɪŋ/
often disapproving: the use of short, memorable slogans to promote a cause or product, especially in place of detailed argument
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ally with
B2
to join another person, group, or country for a shared purpose
Prepositional verb
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rise up
B1
to begin a rebellion against people in authority
Phrasal verb
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run for
A1
to compete as a candidate for an elected position
Prepositional verb
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Crime & Justice(34)
murder
A2
/ˈmɝ.dɚ/
The crime of killing another person on purpose.
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evidence
A2
[ˈɛv.ɪ.ɾɪns]
Facts or signs that show whether something is true or real.
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crime
A2
/ˈkraɪm/
An act that breaks the law and can be punished.
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prison
A2
/ˈpɹɪzn̩/
A building where criminals are kept locked up as punishment.
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jail
B1
/d͡ʒeɪl/
A place where people are locked up, especially while awaiting trial or for minor crimes.
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victim
B1
/ˈvɪktɪm/
A person who is harmed, hurt, or killed by someone or something.
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arrest
B1
/əˈɹɛst/
To take someone to a police station because they may have broken the law.
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innocent
B1
/ˈɪnəsənt/
Not guilty of a crime or wrongdoing.
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guilty
B1
/ˈɡɪl.ti/
Having done something wrong or broken the law.
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steal
A2
/stiːl/
To take something that belongs to someone else without permission.
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suspect¹
B1
/ˈsʌspɛkt/
A person who the police think may have committed a crime.
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suspect²
B1
/səˈspɛkt/
To think that something is probably true, often something bad.
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justice
B1
/ˈd͡ʒɐs.tɪs/
Fair treatment of people, especially by the law.
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trial
B2
/ˈtɹaɪəl/
A legal process in court where evidence is examined to decide if someone is guilty of a crime.
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investigation
B1
/ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
The careful examination of something in order to find out the facts.
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criminal
B1
/ˈkɹɪm.ə.nəl/
A person who has broken the law.
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assault
B2
/əˈsɔlt/
To attack someone violently.
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theft
B1
/ˈθɛft/
The crime of stealing something.
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burglary
B2
/ˈbɝ.ɡlɚ.i/
The crime of breaking into a building in order to steal.
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imprisonment
B2
/ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt/
The punishment of being kept in prison.
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nick
C2+
/nɪk/
a small cut or notch; (informal) to steal or arrest
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filicide
C2
/ˈfɪ.lɪ.sʌɪd/
the killing of a person's own child or children
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heist
C1
/haɪst/
A robbery, especially a planned theft from a bank, museum, or similar institution.
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vigilante
C1
/ˌvɪd͡ʒ.əˈlæn.ti/
A person who takes it upon themselves to pursue or punish suspected wrongdoers without legal authority.
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War & Conflict(115)
fight
A2
/fəɪt/
To take part in a physical or violent struggle against someone.
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war
A2
/wɔɹ/
An armed fight between countries or large groups, usually involving military forces.
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gun
A2
/ˈɡʌn/
A weapon that fires bullets or other projectiles.
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attack
A2
/əˈtæk/
To use violence against someone or something.
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army
B1
/ˈɑɹ.mi/
A country's military force, especially the part that fights on land.
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peace
A2
/pis/
A situation without war or fighting between countries or groups.
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colonel
C2+
/ˈkɝ.nl̩/
A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines).
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enemy
B1
/ˈɛn.ə.mi/
A person who hates you, opposes you, or wants to harm you.
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battle
B1
/ˈbætl̩/
A fight between armies or groups of people during a war.
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sergeant
B2
/ˈsɑɹ.d͡ʒənt/
The highest rank of noncommissioned officer in some non-naval military forces and police.
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weapon
B1
/ˈwɛp.ən/
An object such as a gun, knife, or sword used to fight or harm people.
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bomb
B1
/bɑm/
A weapon that explodes and causes damage.
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military
A2
/ˈmɪl.ɪˌtɛ.ɹi/
Relating to the armed forces such as the army, navy, and air force.
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soldier
A2
/ˈsoʊld͡ʒɚ/
A person who serves in an army.
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sword
B1
[sɔɹd]
A weapon with a long metal blade and a handle, used for cutting or stabbing.
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defense
B1
/ˈdiːˌfɛns/
The act of protecting someone or something from attack or harm.
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violence
B1
/ˈvaɪ.(ə.)ləns/
Behaviour that uses physical force to hurt, damage, or kill.
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conflict
B1
/ˈkɑn.flɪkt/
A serious disagreement or fight between people or groups.
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alliance
B2
/əˈlaɪ.əns/
An agreement between countries or groups to work together, often for military or political reasons.
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corporal
B2
/ˈkoɹ.pɚ.əl/
A low-ranking officer in the army, above a private and below a sergeant.
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invasion
B1
/ɪnˈveɪʒən/
The act of entering a country or area with an army to take control of it.
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missile
B2
/ˈmɪs.(ə)l/
A flying weapon that is powered and can be steered toward its target.
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corps
C1
/kɔɹ/
A large military unit made up of several divisions.
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regiment
B2
/ˈɹɛd͡ʒɪmənt/
a military unit made up of several smaller groups of soldiers
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Religion & Belief(62)
god
A2
/ɡɑd/
A supernatural being with great powers that people worship.
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soul
B1
/soʊl/
The spiritual part of a person, often believed to live on after death.
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church
A2
/ˈt͡ʃɝt͡ʃ/
A building where Christians meet to worship.
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holy
B1
/ˈhoʊli/
Connected with God or religion and treated with deep respect.
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Christ
A2
/kɹaɪst/
the title of Jesus of Nazareth as the Messiah in Christian belief
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faith
B2
/feɪθ/
Strong belief or trust in someone or something.
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angel
A2
/ˈeɪn.d͡ʒl̩/
A spiritual being believed to serve God, often shown with wings.
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priest
B1
/ˈpɹiːst/
A person trained to lead religious services and ceremonies in a church.
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temple
B2
/ˈtɛm.pl̩/
A building used for worship in some religions.
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religion
B1
/ɹəˈləd͡ʒ.ən/
Belief in a god or gods, together with the practices and worship connected to that belief.
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religious
B1
/rɪˈlɪdʒəs/
Believing in and worshipping a god or gods.
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prayer
B1
/ˈpɹeɪ.ɚ/
Words spoken to a god to give thanks or ask for help.
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fairy
A1
/ˈfeːɹiː/
A small imaginary creature with magical powers, often shown with wings.
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goddess
B1
/ˈɡɑdəs/
A female god worshipped in a religion.
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thanksgiving
B2
/ˌθæŋksˈɡɪvɪŋ/
the expression of gratitude, especially in a prayer or religious observance
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spiritual
B1
/ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/
Relating to the human spirit or soul rather than physical things.
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belief
B1
/bɪˈliːf/
A feeling that something is true or real.
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ritual
B2
/ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/
A set of actions always performed in the same way, especially in a religious ceremony.
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worship
B2
/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/
To show love and respect for a god, especially through prayer or religious ceremonies.
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pastor
B2
/ˈpæs.tɚ/
A leader of a Christian church who guides and cares for its members.
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hallelujah
B2
/ˌhælɪˈluːjə/
used to praise or thank God, especially in worship or song
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mosque
A2
/mɑsk/
A building where Muslims gather to pray and worship.
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deacon
C2
/ˈdiːkən/
in several Christian churches, an ordained minister ranking below a priest
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padre
C2
/ˈpɑdɹeɪ/
a Christian priest, especially in a Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking community
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Culture & History(23)
history
A1
/ˈhɪs.tə.ɹi/
The study of past events, especially in human affairs.
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ancient
A2
/ˈeɪn.ʃənt/
Belonging to a time very long ago in history.
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modern
A2
/ˈmɑdɚn/
Relating to the present time or recent times; not old.
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culture
A1
/ˈkʌlt͡ʃɚ/
The customs, beliefs, art, and way of life of a particular group or society.
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museum
A2
/mjuˈziəm/
A building where important objects of art, history, or science are kept and shown to the public.
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ceremony
B1
/ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/
A formal event held to mark an important occasion.
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tradition
A2
/tɹəˈdɪʃ.ən/
A custom or belief passed down from one generation to the next.
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civilization
B1
/ˌsɪv.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
A society that has reached an advanced stage of culture, organization, and development.
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custom
A2
/ˈkʌstəm/
A traditional way of behaving or doing something that is common to a group or society.
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historical
B1
/hɪˈstɔɹɪkəl/
Connected with the past or with the study of history.
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medieval
B2
/mɪdˈi.vəl/
Relating to the Middle Ages, roughly from 500 to 1500 AD.
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heritage
B2
/ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/
The traditions, values, and culture that a country or family has had for many years and passes on to younger generations.
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bey
C2
/beɪ/
historical: a governor, ruler, or other high official in the Ottoman Empire and some of its former territories
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minstrel
C2
/ˈmɪnstrəl/
historical: a travelling musician, singer, poet, or storyteller, especially in medieval Europe
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pharos
C2
/ˈfɛɹ.ɑːs/
historical or literary: a lighthouse or beacon, especially an ancient monumental one
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Seicento
C2
/seɪˈtʃɛn.toʊ/
the seventeenth century in Italian history and culture, especially in art, music, and literature
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classicism
C2+
/ˈklæsəˌsɪzəm/
adherence to the principles of ancient Greek and Roman art and culture
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syssitia
C2+
/sɪˈsɪt.i.ə/
historical communal meals or dining groups for male citizens and youths in ancient Greece, especially in Sparta and Crete
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sanjak
C2
/ˌsɑːnˈdʒæk/
historical: an administrative district of the Ottoman Empire, usually a subdivision of an eyalet or vilayet
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quick-firer
C2+
/ˈkwɪkˌfaɪr.ɚ/
historical: a gun designed to fire rounds in rapid succession, especially a late-nineteenth- or early-twentieth-century naval or field gun
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heptarchy
C2
/ˈhɛpˌtɑrki/
historical: the traditional collective name for the seven principal Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of early medieval England
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undergirder
C2+
/ˌʌn.dɚˈɡɝː.dɚ/
historical nautical: a heavy rope or cable used to brace and hold together the hull of an ancient ship, especially a trireme
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sit through
A1
to remain seated and endure something from beginning to end, especially something long or dull
Prepositional verb
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Materials & Substances(499)
water
A1
/ˈwɔ.tɚ/
The clear liquid that falls as rain and that people and animals need to live.
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drop
A2
/dɹɑp/
A very small amount of liquid that forms a rounded shape.
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land
A2
/lænd/
The solid, dry part of the earth's surface.
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rock
A2
/rɑk/
The hard solid material that forms part of the Earth's surface; a large stone.
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ring
A2
/rɪŋ/
A circular band of metal or other material worn on the finger.
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ground
A2
/ɡraʊnd/
The solid surface of the Earth that you walk on.
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paper
A1
/ˈpeɪ̯.pəɹ/
A thin, flat material used for writing, drawing, or printing on.
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key
A1
/ki/
A small metal object that you use to lock or unlock a door, start a car, etc.
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gold
A2
/ɡoʊld/
A heavy, shiny yellow metal that is very valuable, used for jewellery and coins.
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ice
A1
[ʌɪs]
Water that has frozen into a hard, cold solid.
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glass
A1
/ɡlæs/
A hard, transparent material used for windows and bottles.
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smoke
A2
/smoʊk/
The grey or black cloud of gas and tiny particles that rises from something burning.
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bell
B1
/bɛl/
A hollow metal object, often cup-shaped, that rings when it is struck.
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gas
A2
/ɡæs/
A substance like air that is neither solid nor liquid and spreads to fill any space.
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hole
A2
/hoʊl/
An opening or empty space in a solid object or surface.
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bottle
A1
/ˈbɑ.tl̩/
A container, usually made of glass or plastic with a narrow neck, used for holding liquids.
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stone
A2
/stoʊ̯n/
The hard substance that rock is made of, often used as a building material.
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drug
A2
/ˈdrʌg/
An illegal substance taken for pleasure that can be addictive, such as cocaine.
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tape
A2
/ˈteɪp/
A thin strip of material with a sticky surface, used for fixing or sticking things together.
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bullet
B1
/ˈbʊl.ɪt/
A small piece of metal that is fired from a gun
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pool
A1
/puːl/
A small amount of liquid lying on a surface.
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paint
A1
/peɪnt/
A coloured liquid that is spread onto a surface and dries to protect it or add colour.
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silver
A2
/ˈsɪl.vɚ/
A shiny, valuable greyish-white metal used for jewellery, coins, and tableware.
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poison
B1
/ˈpoɪ.zən/
A substance that can harm or kill a living thing if it is swallowed, breathed in, or absorbed.
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Architecture & Buildings(40)
building
A1
/ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/
A structure with a roof and walls, such as a house or office
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roof
A2
/ɹuːf/
The covering on top of a building that protects it from rain and weather.
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palace
A2
/ˈpæl.ɪs/
A large, grand building where a king, queen, or other ruler lives.
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tower
A2
/ˈtaʊɚ/
A tall, narrow structure, either standing alone or part of a building.
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construction
B1
/kənˈstɹʌkʃən/
The act or process of building something.
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structure
A2
/ˈstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ/
The way the parts of something are arranged or organised.
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brick
B1
/ˈbɹɪk/
A hard rectangular block of baked clay used for building.
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vault
C2
/vɑlt/
to jump across or leap over an obstacle
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column
A2
/ˈkɑləm/
A tall, vertical post used to support a building or as decoration.
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hallway
B1
/ˈhɔːlˌweɪ/
an interior passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms
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architecture
A2
/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃɚ/
The art and practice of designing buildings.
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arch
B2
/ɑɹt͡ʃ/
A curved structure that spans an opening and supports the weight above it.
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staircase
C2+
/ˈstɛɹˌkeɪs/
a way of access, upward and downward, consisting of a set of steps
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timber
C1
/ˈtɪmbɚ/
Wood prepared for building or making things.
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proportion
B1
/pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/
A part of a whole, especially when compared to the rest.
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restoration
C1
/ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/
The act of returning something to its original or former condition.
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mortar
B2
/ˈmɔrtɝ/
A paste of cement, sand and water that holds bricks or stones together as it dries.
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ventilation
C1
/ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
The process of letting fresh air into a room or building and removing stale air.
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pavilion
C1
/pəˈvɪl.jən/
a light, often open-sided roofed structure used for shelter or recreation in a park, garden, or public place
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stairway
B1
/ˈstɛrweɪ/
a passage containing a flight or series of stairs between different levels
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ornament
B2
/ˈɔɹnəmənt/
An object used to decorate something and make it more attractive.
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skyscraper
B1
/ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪpɚ/
A very tall building with many floors.
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cloister
C2
/ˈklɔɪstɚ/
A covered walkway around an open courtyard, usually in a monastery or cathedral
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spire
C2
/ˈspaɪ.ɚ/
A tall, pointed structure on top of a tower or church roof.
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Tools, Machines & Construction(272)
saw
A1
/sɑ/
To cut something using a saw.
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machine
A1
/məˈʃiːn/
A device with moving parts that uses power to do a particular job.
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lock
A2
/lɑk/
A device that keeps a door, box, or gate shut and is opened with a key or code.
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knife
A2
/ˈnɐɪ̯f/
A tool with a sharp blade and a handle, used for cutting.
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bridge
A2
/bɹɪd͡ʒ/
A structure built over a river, road, or gap so that people can cross it.
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alarm
A2
/əˈlɑɹm/
A device that makes a loud sound to warn of danger.
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screw
A2
/skɹuː/
A small metal pin with a spiral thread, turned to fasten things together.
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clock
A1
/klɑk/
A device that shows the time, usually on a wall or table.
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telephone
A1
/ˈtɛləˌfoʊn/
A device used to talk with someone over a distance by converting sound into electrical signals.
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switch
B1
/swɪt͡ʃ/
A small device you press or move to turn electricity or a machine on and off.
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trap
A2
/tɹæp/
A device made to catch animals.
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factory
A2
/ˈfæk.tɚ.i/
A building where goods are made, usually using machines.
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technology
A2
/tɛkˈnɑ.lə.dʒi/
Machines, equipment, and methods created from scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.
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equipment
B1
/ɪˈkwɪp.mənt/
The tools, machines, or items needed for a particular activity.
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device
B1
/dɪˈvaɪs/
A piece of equipment made for a particular purpose, especially an electronic or mechanical one.
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pen
A1
/pɛn/
A thin instrument that holds ink and is used for writing or drawing.
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guitar
A1
/ɡɪˈtɑɹ/
A musical instrument with six strings and a long neck, played with the fingers or a pick.
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siren
B2
/ˈsaɪɹən/
a device that produces a loud, rising and falling sound as a warning, or the sound it makes
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gear
B2
/ˈɡiə/
The equipment, clothing, or tools needed for a particular activity.
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robot
B1
/ˈɹəʊ̯.bɒt/
A machine that can carry out tasks automatically, often programmed to move and work like a person.
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nail
B1
/neɪl/
The hard, thin covering at the end of a finger or toe.
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hammer
B1
/ˈhæm.ɚ/
A tool with a heavy metal head and a handle, used for hitting nails.
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blade
B2
/bleɪd/
The flat, sharp cutting part of a knife, sword, or tool.
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crane
B2
/kɹeɪn/
a tall machine with a projecting arm, used to lift and move heavy objects
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Energy & Industry(8)
industry
B1
/ˈɪndəstri/
The making of goods in factories on a large scale.
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fuel
B1
/ˈfjuːəl/
A substance such as wood, coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power.
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coal
B1
/kɒl/
A hard black rock that is burned as fuel for heat and energy.
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mining
C1
/ˈmaɪnɪŋ/
The work of digging valuable materials such as coal, metals, or minerals out of the earth.
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manufacture
B2
/ˌmænjuˈfækt͡ʃɚ/
To make goods in large quantities using machines or labor.
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paraffin
C2
/ˈpɛɹ.ə.fɪn/
A petroleum-based thin and colourless fuel oil.
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clinker
C2
/ˈklɪŋ.kɚ/
a hard, stony lump of fused ash left after coal or other fuel has burned
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blaze up
B2
to begin burning with a bright, strong flame
Phrasal verb
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Safety & Risk(38)
safe
A2
/seɪf/
Not in danger and not likely to be harmed.
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protect
A2
/pɹəˈtɛkt/
To keep someone or something safe from harm or danger.
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dangerous
A2
/ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒ(ə.)ɹəs/
Likely to cause harm, injury, or death.
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accident
A2
/ˈæk.sə.dənt/
A crash involving a vehicle that causes damage or injury.
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risk
B1
/ɹɪsk/
The chance that something bad might happen.
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danger
A2
/ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚ/
The possibility of being harmed or killed.
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damage
B1
/ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/
Physical harm that makes something less useful or valuable.
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safety
B1
/ˈseɪfti/
The state of being safe and not in danger.
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warning
B1
/ˈwoɹnɪŋ/
Something said or written that tells you about a possible danger or problem.
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threat
B1
/θɹet/
A statement that you will hurt or punish someone, especially if they do not do what you want.
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protection
B1
/pɹəˈtɛkʃn̩/
The act of keeping someone or something safe from harm.
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secure
B1
/sɪˈkjʊə(ɹ)/
safe and protected from danger or harm
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crisis
B1
/ˈkɹɑesɪs/
A time of serious danger, difficulty, or trouble.
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adventure
A2
/ədˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/
An exciting or unusual experience, often involving some risk or danger.
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survival
B1
/sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/
The fact of staying alive, especially through danger or hardship.
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caution
B1
/ˈkɔʃ(ə)n/
Great care taken to avoid danger or mistakes.
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hazard
B1
/ˈhæzɚd/
Something that is dangerous or could cause harm.
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menace
C2
/ˈmɛnɪs/
Something or someone that is a danger or threat.
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ordeal
C1
/ɔɹˈdil/
A trial in which the accused was subjected to a dangerous test (such as ducking in water), divine authority deciding the guilt of the accused.
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safeguard
B1
/ˈseɪfɡɑː(ɹ)d/
Something done to protect against harm, danger, or loss.
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safekeeping
C1
/ˌseɪfˈkiː.pɪŋ/
protection or secure custody that keeps someone or something from harm, loss, or theft
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crossbones
C2
/ˈkrɔːsˌboʊnz/
two bones depicted or placed diagonally across one another, especially beneath a skull as a warning of danger or death
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pitfall
C2
/ˈpɪtfɔl/
A potential, unsuspected, hidden problem, hazard, or danger that is easily encountered but not immediately obvious.
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jeopardy
C2+
/ˈdʒɛpərdi/
danger of loss, harm, or failure; legal risk of conviction
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Social Issues & Human Rights(12)
freedom
A2
/ˈfɹi.dəm/
The state of being free and able to do what you want.
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protest
B1
/ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/
A strong public expression of disagreement or disapproval.
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welfare
B2
/ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/
The health, happiness, and general well-being of a person or group.
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refugee
B2
/ˈɹɛfjʊd͡ʒiː/
A person who has been forced to leave their country because of war, persecution, or disaster.
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equality
B1
/ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/
The state of everyone being treated the same and having the same rights.
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minority
B1
/maɪˈnoɹ.ɪ.ti/
The smaller part of a group; less than half.
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disability
B1
/dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/
A physical or mental condition that limits what a person can do.
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discrimination
B1
/dɪˌskɹɪm.əˈneɪʃən/
Unfair treatment of a person or group because of their race, sex, age, or other quality.
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human rights
B2
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activism
C2+
/ˈæktɪvɪzəm/
the practice of vigorous campaigning to bring about social or political change
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disenfranchise
C2
/ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfɹæn.t͡ʃaɪz/
to take away someone's right to vote or another legal privilege
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disenfranchisement
C2
/ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfɹæn.tʃaɪzmənt/
the removal or denial of a person's or group's right to vote
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Ethics & Social Judgment(24)
wrong
A1
/ˈrɔŋ/
Not correct; mistaken or untrue.
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fair
A2
/fɛr/
Treating everyone equally and according to the rules.
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honor
A2
/ˈɑ.nɚ/
Great respect given to someone who is admired or important.
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respect
B1
/ɹɪˈspɛkt/
A feeling of admiration or high regard for someone or something.
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blame
A2
/bleɪm/
To say or think that someone or something is the cause of something bad.
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vice
B1
/ˈvaɪs/
Bad or immoral behavior, or a bad habit.
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conscience
B2
/ˈkɑn.ʃəns/
The part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is right or wrong.
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moral
B1
/ˈmoɹəl/
Relating to what is right and wrong in people's behavior.
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praise
B1
/pɹeɪz/
Words that show approval or admiration for someone or something.
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unfair
A2
/ʌnˈfɛɚ/
Not fair; not treating people equally or in a just way.
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dignity
B2
/ˈdɪɡnɪti/
The quality of being worthy of respect, and of respecting yourself.
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virtue
B2
/ˈvɜːt͡ʃuː/
A good moral quality in a person.
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immoral
B2
/ɪˈmɔɹəl/
Morally wrong; not following accepted rules of right behaviour.
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dishonest
A2
/dɪˈsɑnɪst/
Not honest; likely to lie, cheat, or deceive people.
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ethical
C1
/ˈɛθɪkəl/
Morally right; following accepted principles of good behaviour.
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knighthood
B2
/ˈnaɪthʊd/
the rank, title, or dignity of a knight, especially an honor conferred by a British monarch
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vindication
C2
/vɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
Proof that someone was right or free from blame.
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invective
C2
/ɪnˈvɛktɪv/
Something spoken or written, intended to cast shame, disgrace, censure, or reproach on another.
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propriety
C2+
/prəˈpraɪɪti/
conformity to accepted standards of behaviour or morals
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misuse
C2+
/mɪsˈjus/
the wrong or improper use of something
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dishonor
C2+
/dɪsˈɑnər/
loss of honor or reputation; to bring shame upon
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disesteem
C2+
/ˌdɪsɪˈstim/
lack of esteem or respect; to regard with disfavor
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approve of
B1
to consider someone or something acceptable or good
Prepositional verb
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disapprove of
B2
to believe that someone or something is wrong or unacceptable
Prepositional verb
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Cause, Change & Process(57)
make
A1
/meɪk/
To create or produce something.
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change
A1
/ˈtʃeɪndʒ/
The act or result of something becoming different.
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become
A1
/bɪˈkʌm/
To start to be something; to change into a particular state.
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cause
A2
/kɔz/
The thing or person that makes something happen.
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create
A2
/kɹiːˈeɪt/
To bring something into existence.
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process
B1
/ˈpɹɑ.sɛs/
A series of actions or steps taken to achieve a result.
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effect
A2
/əˈfɛkt/
A change or result produced by an action or cause.
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result
A1
/ɹɪˈzʌlt/
Something that happens because of an earlier action or event.
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produce¹
B1
/ˈpɹoʊ.dus/
Fresh fruit and vegetables grown to be sold.
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produce²
A2
/pɹəˈdus/
To make or manufacture something.
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increase¹
A2
/ˈɪnkɹiːs/
A rise in size, amount, or number.
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increase²
A2
/ɪnˈkɹiːs/
To become larger in size, amount, or number.
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develop
A2
/dɪˈvɛləp/
To grow or change gradually into something bigger, stronger, or more advanced.
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improve
A2
/ɪmˈpɹuːv/
To make something better.
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factor
A2
/ˈfæk.tɚ/
One of the things that influences or helps cause a result.
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reduce
B1
/ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːs/
To make something smaller in size, amount, or degree.
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alter
B2
/ˈɔl.təɹ/
To change something, or make it different.
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transform
B1
/tɹænsˈfɔɹm/
To change something completely, usually for the better.
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adapt
B1
/əˈdæpt/
to change your behaviour to fit a new situation
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consequence
A2
/ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwɛns/
A result or effect of an action or situation.
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adjustment
B2
/əˈd͡ʒɐst.mənt/
a small change made to something to improve it or make it fit
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decrease¹
B1
/ˈdiːkɹiːs/
A reduction in amount, size, or number.
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decrease²
B1
/dɪˈkɹiːs/
To become smaller in amount, size, or number.
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supplement
B2
/ˈsʌp.lə.mənt/
Something added to make up for what is missing or to improve something.
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Philosophy & Reasoning(38)
truth
A2
/tɹuθ/
The real facts about something, rather than what is imagined or invented.
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proof
B1
/pɹuf/
Information or facts that show something is true.
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existence
B1
/ɛɡˈzɪs.təns/
The fact or state of being real or present.
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concept
B1
/ˈkɑn.sɛpt/
an abstract idea or general notion
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wisdom
A2
/ˈwɪzdəm/
The ability to make good decisions using knowledge and experience.
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philosophy
B1
/fɪˈlɑ.sə.fi/
The study of ideas about life, knowledge, truth, and the meaning of existence.
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logic
B1
/ˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪk/
A sensible way of thinking that uses clear reasons.
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objective
B1
/əbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/
A goal or aim that you are trying to achieve.
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essence
B1
/ˈɛsəns/
The most basic and important quality that makes something what it is.
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proposition
C2
/ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/
An idea, plan, or suggestion that is offered for consideration.
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intuition
C1
/ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən/
The ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning.
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assumption
B2
/əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/
Something you accept as true without proof.
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reasoning
C1
/ˈɹiːzənɪŋ/
The process of thinking carefully and logically to reach a conclusion.
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paradox
B2
/ˈpæɹ.əˌdɑks/
A statement that seems to contradict itself but may still be true.
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doctrine
C1
/ˈdɑk.tɹɪn/
A set of beliefs taught by a religion, political group, or other organization.
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contradiction
B2
/ˌkɑːntɹəˈdɪkʃən/
A situation in which two things cannot both be true at the same time.
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conjecture
C2
/kənˈd͡ʒɛk.t͡ʃɚ/
A guess or opinion based on incomplete evidence.
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validity
C1
/vəˈlɪd.ᵻ.ti/
The state of being based on truth, sound reasoning, or solid evidence.
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dogma
C2
/ˈdɔɡ.mə/
a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative
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skepticism
C2
/ˈskɛp.tɪˌsɪ.zəm/
doubt about the truth of something
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inference
B2
/ˈɪn.fɚ.əns/
A conclusion you reach based on evidence or reasoning rather than direct information.
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fallacy
C2
/ˈfɛl.ə.si/
A mistaken belief based on faulty reasoning.
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metaphysics
C2+
/ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks/
the branch of philosophy studying being and reality
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abstraction
C1
/æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/
A general idea formed from specific examples, rather than a concrete thing.
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Abstract Ideas(2,049)
life
A1
/laɪf/
The state of being alive.
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thought
A2
/θɔt/
An idea or opinion that comes into your mind.
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point
A1
/ˈpɔɪnt/
An idea or fact that someone wants to express in an argument or discussion.
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state
A2
/ˈsteɪt/
The condition that someone or something is in at a particular time.
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security
B1
/səˈkjɔɹ.ɪˌti/
the state of being safe and protected from danger
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situation
A2
/ˌsɪ.t͡ʃuˈ(w)eɪ.ʃən/
the set of conditions or facts that exist at a particular time
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mess
B1
/mɛs/
A dirty or untidy state; a place where things are not in order.
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decision
A2
/dɪˈsɪʒn̩/
A choice you make after thinking about something.
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difference
A1
/ˈdɪf(ə)ɹəns/
The way in which two or more things are not the same.
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experience
A2
/ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.əns/
The knowledge or skill you gain from doing something over time.
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department
B1
/dɪˈpɑɹtmənt/
A separate part of a large organization, company, or shop.
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beauty
A2
/ˈbjuti/
The quality of being very pleasing to look at or experience.
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hearing
B1
/ˈhɪɹ.ɪŋ/
The ability to hear sounds.
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challenge
A2
/ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/
A difficult task that tests someone's ability.
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strength
A2
[st̠͡ɹ̠ɛŋkθ]
The physical power that lets you do hard things like lifting.
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sight
B1
/saɪt/
The ability to see.
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condition
A2
/kənˈdɪʃən/
The state that someone or something is in at a particular time.
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meaning
A2
/ˈmi.nɪŋ/
What a word, sign, or action expresses or stands for.
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purpose
A2
/ˈpɝpəs/
The reason why something is done or made.
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responsibility
B1
/ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/
A duty or task that you are expected to deal with.
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post
A1
/poʊst/
The system of collecting and delivering letters and parcels; the mail.
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silence
A2
/ˈsaɪləns/
A complete lack of sound.
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reality
B1
/ɹiˈæləti/
The way things really are, as opposed to how they are imagined or hoped to be.
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connection
B1
/kəˈnɛkʃ(ə)n/
A relationship or link between things or events.
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Actions & Processes(4,452)
do
A1
/də/
To carry out or perform an action or task.
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get
A1
/ɡɛt/
To receive or obtain something.
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want
A1
/wɑnt/
To feel that you would like to have or do something.
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let
A1
/lɛt/
To allow someone to do something or allow something to happen.
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gonna
B1
/ˈɡʌn.ə/
informal spoken form of 'going to,' used before a verb to express a future action or intention
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need
A1
/nid/
To require something because it is necessary or very important.
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way
A1
/weɪ/
A method or manner of doing something.
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mean
A1
/miːn/
To have a particular meaning; to express or stand for.
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give
A1
/ɡɪv/
To hand something to someone so they can have it.
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thank
A1
/θæŋk/
To tell someone you are grateful for something they have done.
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doing
A1
/ˈduːɪŋ/
Present participle of "do".
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help
A1
/hɛlp/
To do something that makes things easier or better for someone.
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find
A1
/ˈfaɪnd/
To discover or get something after searching or by chance.
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wait
A1
/weɪt/
To stay where you are or delay doing something until something happens or someone arrives.
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put
A1
/pʊt/
To move something into a particular place or position.
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keep
A1
/kiːp/
To continue to have something and not give it away.
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stay
A1
/steɪ/
To remain in one place and not leave.
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show
A1
/ʃoʊ/
To let someone see something.
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kill
A2
/kɪl/
To make a person, animal, or plant die.
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found
B2
/ˈfæʊ̯nd/
To start or set up an institution, company, or organization.
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care
A2
/kɛɚ/
To feel that something is important to you or to feel concern about it.
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try
A1
/tɹaɪ/
To make an effort to do something.
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miss
A1
/mɪs/
To feel sad because someone or something is no longer with you.
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used
A2
/juzd/
Past form of 'use'; describing something done with a tool or method.
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Word Formation & Derivatives(1,043)
odds
C1
/ɑdz/
The chance or likelihood that something will happen.
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poker
C2+
/ˈpoʊkɚ/
One who pokes.
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grounds
C1
/ɡɹaʊndz/
A good reason or basis for doing or believing something.
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constable
C1
/ˈkɑnstəbəl/
One holding the lowest rank in most Commonwealth police forces. (See also chief constable.)
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piper
C2
/ˈpaɪ.pɚ/
a musician who plays a pipe, flute, or especially bagpipes
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perimeter
C2
/pəˈɹɪmətɚ/
the total length of the boundary of a two-dimensional shape
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T-shirt
A1
/ˈtiːʃɚt/
A light, short-sleeved shirt with no collar or buttons, often made of cotton.
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cigar
C2
/sɪˈɡɑɹ/
a roll of tobacco leaves made to be smoked
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mattress
C2+
/ˈmætɹɪs/
A form of lagging, in particular for boilers.
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sultan
C1
/ˈsʌltən/
a sovereign or ruler in certain Muslim countries, historically including the Ottoman Empire
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sherry
C2
/ˈʃɛɹi/
A fortified wine produced in Jerez de la Frontera in Spain, or a similar wine produced elsewhere.
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premises
C1
/ˈpɹemɪsɪz/
A building or piece of land used by a business or organization.
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rebellion
C1
/ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/
An organized, often armed, attempt to overthrow a government or ruler.
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steed
C2
/stiːd/
A stallion, especially one used for riding.
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jasper
C2
/ˈd͡ʒæs.pɚ/
an opaque, impure variety of chalcedony occurring in red, yellow, brown, green, and other colors and used as a gemstone or ornamental stone
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grown-up
B2
/ˈgroʊˌnəp/
An adult, especially as spoken about by or to children.
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cement
C2
/səˈmɛnt/
concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement
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machinery
C1
/məˈʃiːnəɹi/
Machines as a group, especially large ones used in industry.
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weaver
C1
/ˈwi.vɚ/
a craftsman who weaves cloth
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rosemary
C2
/ˈɹoʊzˌmɛɹi/
an aromatic evergreen shrub with narrow leaves, grown as a culinary and medicinal herb
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secrecy
C1
/ˈsiːkɹəsi/
the trait of keeping things secret
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reindeer
C2
/ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/
Arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes
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specimen
C1
/ˈspɛsɪmɪn/
A single example of something, used to show what the whole group is like.
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scorpion
C2
/ˈskɔːrpiən/
an arachnid with grasping pincers and a segmented tail ending in a venomous sting
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Register & Style(333)
yeah
A2
/jɛ(ə)/
An informal way of saying yes.
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hey
A2
/heɪ/
An informal way of saying hello.
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damn
B2
/ˈdæm/
Used to express anger, surprise, or annoyance (informal).
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chief
B1
/t͡ʃiːf/
The leader or head of a group, organization, or tribe.
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la
C2
/lɑ/
an archaic exclamation expressing surprise, emphasis, or mild protest
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yep
A2
/jɛp/
informal: yes; used to give an affirmative answer or confirm a statement
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bunch
B1
/bʌnt͡ʃ/
A number of things growing or fastened together in a cluster.
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grandma
A1
/ˈɡɹænmɑː/
Your grandmother (informal).
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monster
B1
/ˈmɑnstɚ/
A large, frightening, imaginary creature.
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grandpa
A1
/ˈɡɹæm.pɑː/
Your grandfather (informal).
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ed
B2
/ɛd/
a written abbreviation of edition, especially in bibliographic references
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penny
B1
/ˈpɪni/
A small coin worth one hundredth of a pound or, in the US, one cent.
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understanding
A2
/ˌʌndɚˈstændɪŋ/
Knowledge of how something works or what it means.
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garbage
A1
/ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/
Things you throw away because they are no longer wanted; waste.
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mile
B1
/ˈmaɪl/
A unit of distance equal to about 1.6 kilometres.
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junk
A2
/d͡ʒɐŋk/
Old or useless things that you no longer want.
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alley
B2
/ˈæli/
a narrow road or passage, especially between or behind buildings
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coke
A1
/koʊk/
A glass, bottle, or can of cola, especially Coca-Cola.
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granny
A2
/ˈɡɹæni/
Your grandmother (informal).
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gimme
C2
/ˈɡɪmiː/
informal: a written representation of the rapid pronunciation of give me
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khan
B2
/kɑːn/
a title borne by rulers or high-ranking leaders among Turkic, Mongol, and other Central Asian peoples
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heroin
C2
/ˈhɛɹ.oʊ.ɪn/
a powerful, highly addictive opioid made from morphine, usually illegal and associated with a high risk of overdose and dependence
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cocaine
C1
/koʊˈkeɪn/
an addictive stimulant drug obtained from coca leaves or made synthetically, used illegally and sometimes medically as a local anesthetic
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oath
B2
/ˈoʊθ/
A serious, formal promise to do something or to tell the truth.
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General Vocabulary(2,331)
oh
A1
/oʊ/
Used to express surprise.
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okay
A1
/ˌoʊˈkeɪ/
used to express agreement, acceptance, or readiness to move on
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thing
A1
/θɪŋ/
An object that is not named exactly.
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uh
A2
/ʌː/
used to mark hesitation, uncertainty, or a pause while speaking
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world
A1
/wɜɹld/
The planet Earth and everything on it.
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bit
A2
/bɪt/
A small amount or piece of something.
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problem
A1
/ˈpɹɑbləm/
A difficult situation that needs to be dealt with or solved.
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excuse¹
B2
/ɪksˈkjus/
A reason you give to explain or defend a mistake or failure.
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excuse²
B2
/ɪksˈkjuz/
To forgive someone for a small mistake.
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turn
A1
/tɜrn/
A change in the direction you are moving or facing.
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case
A2
/keɪs/
A particular situation or example of something happening.
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part
A2
/pɑɹt/
One of the pieces or amounts that make up a whole.
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stuff
A2
/stʌf/
Things in general, when you do not say exactly what they are.
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chance
A2
/t͡ʃæns/
An opportunity to do something.
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rest
A2
/ɹɛst/
A period of relaxing or doing nothing in order to recover energy.
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fire
A1
/ˈfaɪɹ/
The flames, heat, and light produced when something burns.
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trouble
A2
/ˈtrʌbəl/
A problem, difficulty, or worry.
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wow
A2
/waʊ/
Used to express excitement, surprise, or admiration.
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couple
A2
/ˈkʌp.əl/
A small number; two or a few.
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bye
A1
/baɪ/
Used to say goodbye.
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line
A1
/laɪn/
A long, thin mark on a surface.
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fact
A2
/fækt/
A piece of information that is true and can be proven.
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luck
A2
/lʌk/
Good things that happen to you by chance rather than through your own effort.
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air
A2
/ɛɚ/
The mixture of gases we breathe and that surrounds the Earth.
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