The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

in the; crimson forehead and breast of the; courtship of the. Lion, polygamous; mane of the, defensive; roaring of the. Lions, stripes of young. Lips, piercing of the, by savages. Lithobius, prehensile appendages of the female. Lithosia, coloration in. Littorina littorea. Livingstone, Dr., manner of sitting of gorilla; on the influence of dampness and dryness on the colour of the skin; on the liability of negroes to tropical fevers after residence in a cold climate; on the spur-winged goose; on weaverbirds; on an African night-jar; on the battle-scars of South African male mammals; on the removal of the upper incisors by the Batokas; on the perforation of the upper lip by the Makalolo; on the Banyai. Livonia, numerical proportion of male and female births in. Lizards, relative size of the sexes of; gular pouches of. Lloyd, L., on the polygamy of the capercailzie and bustard; on the numerical proportion of the sexes in the capercailzie and blackcock; on the salmon; on the colours of the sea-scorpion; on the pugnacity of male grouse; on the capercailzie and blackcock; on the call of the capercailzie; on assemblages of grouse and snipes; on the pairing of a shield-drake with a common duck; on the battles of seals; on the elk. Lobivanellus, wing-spurs in. Local influences, effect of, upon stature. Lockwood, Mr., on the development of Hippocampus. Lockwood, Rev. S., musical mouse. Locust, bright-coloured, rejected by lizards and birds. Locust, migratory; selection by female. Locustidae, stridulation of the; descent of the. Locusts, proportion of sexes in; stridulation of. Longicorn beetles, difference of the sexes of, in colour; stridulation of. Lonsdale, Mr., on an example of personal attachment in Helix pomatia. Lophobranchii, marsupial receptacles of the male. Lophophorus, habits of. Lophorina atra, sexual difference in coloration of. Lophornis ornatus. Lord, J.K., on Salmo lycaodon. Lory, King; immature plumage of the. Lory, King, constancy of. Love-antics and dances of birds. Lowne, B.T., on Musca vomitoria. Loxia, characters of young of. Lubbock, Sir J., on the antiquity of man; on the origin of man; on the mental capacity of savages; on the origin of implements; on the simplification of languages; on the absence of the idea of God among certain races of men; on the origin of the belief in spiritual agencies; on superstitions; on the sense of duty; on the practice of burying the old and sick among the Fijians; on the immorality of savages; on Mr. Wallace’s claim to the origination of the idea of natural selection; on the former barbarism of civilised nations; on improvements in the arts among savages; on resemblances of the mental characters in different races of men; on the arts practised by savages; on the power of counting in primeval man; on the prehensile organs of the male Labidocera Darwinii; on Chloeon; on Smynthurus luteus; finding of new mates by jays; on strife for women among the North American Indians; on music; on the ornamental practices of savages; on the estimation of the beard among the Anglo-Saxons; on artificial deformation of the skull; on “communal marriages;” on exogamy; on the Veddahs; on polyandry. Lucanidae, variability of the mandibles in the male. Lucanus, large size of males of. Lucanus cervus, numerical proportion of sexes of; weapons of the male. Lucanus elaphus, use of mandibles of; large jaws of male. Lucas, Prosper, on pigeons; on sexual preference in horses and bulls. Luminosity in insects. Lunar periods. Lund, Dr., on skulls found in Brazilian caves. Lungs, enlargement of, in the Quichua and Aymara Indians; a modified swim-bladder; different capacity of, in races of man. Luschka, Prof., on the termination of the coccyx. Luxury, expectation of life uninfluenced by. Lycaena, sexual differences of colour in species of. Lycaenae, colours of. Lyell, Sir C., on the antiquity of man; on the origin of man; on the parallelism of the development of species and languages; on the extinction of languages; on the Inquisition; on the fossil remains of vertebrata; on the fertility of mulattoes. Lynx, Canadian throat-ruff of the. Lyre-bird, assemblies of. Macacus, ears of; convoluted body in the extremity of the tail of; variability of the tail in species of; whiskers of species of. Macacus brunneus. Macacus cynomolgus, superciliary ridge of; beard and whiskers of; becoming white with age. Macacus ecaudatus. Macacus lasiotus, facial spots of. Macacus nemestrinus. Macacus radiatus. Macacus rhesus, sexual difference in the colour of. Macalister, Prof., on variations of the palmaris accessorius muscle; on muscular abnormalities in man; on the greater variability of the muscles in men than in women. Macaws, Mr. Buxton’s observations on. McCann, J., on mental individuality. McClelland, J., on the Indian Cyprinidae. Macculloch, Col., on an Indian village without any female children. Macculloch, Dr., on tertian ague in a dog. Macgillivray, W., on the vocal organs of birds; on the Egyptian goose; on the habits of woodpeckers; on the habits of the snipe; on the whitethroat; on the moulting of the snipes; on the moulting of the Anatidae; on the finding of new mates by magpies; on the pairing of a blackbird and thrush; on pied ravens; on the guillemots; on the colours of the tits; on the immature plumage of birds. Machetes, sexes and young of. Machetes pugnax, supposed to be polygamous; numerical proportion of the sexes in; pugnacity of the male; double moult in. McIntosh, Dr., colours of the Nemertians. McKennan, marriage customs of Koraks. Mackintosh, on the moral sense. MacLachlan, R., on Apatania muliebris and Boreus hyemalis; on the anal appendages of male insects; on the pairing of dragon-flies; on dragon-flies; on dimorphism in Agrion; on the want of pugnacity in male dragon-flies; colour of ghost-moth in the Shetland Islands. M’Lennan, Mr., on infanticide; on the origin of the belief in spiritual agencies; on the prevalence of licentiousness among savages; on the primitive barbarism of civilised nations; on traces of the custom of the forcible capture of wives; on polyandry. Macnamara, Mr., susceptibility of Andaman islanders and Nepalese to change. M’Neill, Mr., on the use of the antlers of deer; on the Scotch deerhound; on the long hairs on the throat of the stag; on the bellowing of stags. Macropus, courtship of. Macrorhinus proboscideus, structure of the nose of. Magpie, power of speech of; vocal organs of the; nuptial assemblies of; new mates found by; stealing bright objects; young of the; coloration of the. Maillard, M., on the proportion of the sexes in a species of Papilio from Bourbon. Maine, Sir Henry, on the absorption of one tribe by another; a desire for improvement not general. Major, Dr. C. Forsyth, on fossil Italian apes; skull of Bos etruscus; tusks of miocene pigs. Makalolo, perforation of the upper lip by the. Malar bone, abnormal division of, in man. Malay Archipelago, marriage-customs of the savages of the. Malays, line of separation between the Papuans and the; general beardlessness of the; staining of the teeth among; aversion of some, to hairs on the face. Malays and Papuans, contrasted characters of. Male animals, struggles of, for the possession of the females; eagerness of, in courtship; generally more modified than female; differ in the same way from females and young. Male characters, developed in females; transfer of, to female birds. Male, sedentary, of a hymenopterous parasite. Malefactors. Males, presence of rudimentary female organs in. Males and females, comparative numbers of; comparative mortality of, while young. Malherbe, on the woodpeckers. Mallotus Peronii. Mallotus villosus. Malthus, T., on the rate of increase of population. Maluridae, nidification of the. Malurus, young of. Mammae, rudimentary, in male mammals; supernumerary, in women; of male human subject. Mammalia, Prof. Owen’s classification of; genealogy of the. Mammals, recent and tertiary, comparison of cranial capacity of; nipples of; pursuit of female, by the males; secondary sexual characters of; weapons of; relative size of the sexes of; parallelism of, with birds in secondary sexual characters; voices of, used especially during the breeding season. Man, variability of; erroneously regarded as more domesticated than other animals; migrations of; wide distribution of; causes of the nakedness of; supposed physical inferiority of; a member of the Catarrhine group; early progenitors of; transition from ape indefinite; numerical proportions of the sexes in; difference between the sexes; proportion of sexes amongst the illegitimate; different complexion of male and female negroes; secondary sexual characters of; primeval condition of. Mandans, correlation of colour and texture of hair in the. Mandible, left, enlarged in the male of Taphroderes distortus. Mandibles, use of the, in Ammophila; large, of Corydalis cornutus; large, of male Lucanus elaphus. Mandrill, number of caudal vertebrae in the; colours of the male. Mantegazza, Prof., on last molar teeth of man; bright colours in male animals; on the ornaments of savages; on the beardlessness of the New Zealanders; on the exaggeration of natural characters by man. Mantell, W., on the engrossment of pretty girls by the New Zealand chiefs. Mantis, pugnacity of species of. Maories, mortality of; infanticide and proportion of sexes; distaste for hairiness amongst men. Marcus Aurelius, on the origin of the moral sense; on the influence of habitual thoughts. Mareca penelope. Marks, retained throughout groups of birds. Marriage, restraints upon, among savages; influence of, upon morals; influence of, on mortality; development of. Marriages, early; communal. Marshall, Dr. W., protuberances on birds’ heads; on the moulting of birds; advantage to older birds of paradise. Marshall, Col., interbreeding amongst Todas; infanticide and proportion of sexes with Todas; choice of husband amongst Todas. Marshall, Mr., on the brain of a Bushwoman. Marsupials, development of the nictitating membrane in; uterus of; possession of nipples by; their origin from Monotremata; abdominal sacs of; relative size of the sexes of; colours of. Marsupium, rudimentary in male marsupials. Martin, W.C.L., on alarm manifested by an orang at the sight of a turtle; on the hair in Hylobates; on a female American deer; on the voice of Hylobates agilis; on Semnopithecus nemaeus. Martin, on the beards of the inhabitants of St. Kilda. Martins deserting their young. Martins, C., on death caused by inflammation of the vermiform appendage. Mastoid processes in man and apes. Maudsley, Dr., on the influence of the sense of smell in man; on idiots smelling their food; on Laura Bridgman; on the development of the vocal organs; moral sense failing in incipient madness; change of mental faculties at puberty in man. Mayers, W.F., on the domestication of the goldfish in China. Mayhew, E., on the affection between individuals of different sexes in the dog. Maynard, C.J., on the sexes of Chrysemys picta. Meckel, on correlated variation of the muscles of the arm and leg. Medicines, effect produced by, the same in man and in monkeys. Medusae, bright colours of some. Megalithic structures, prevalence of. Megapicus validus, sexual difference of colour in. Megasoma, large size of males of. Meigs, Dr. A., on variation in the skulls of the natives of America. Meinecke, on the numerical proportion of the sexes in butterflies. Melanesians, decrease of. Meldola, Mr., colours and marriage flight of Colias and Pieris. Meliphagidae, Australian, nidification of. Melita, secondary sexual characters of. Meloe, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of. Memnon, young. Memory, manifestations of, in animals. Mental characters, difference of, in different races of men. Mental faculties, diversity of, in the same race of men; inheritance of; variation of, in the same species; similarity of the, in different races of man; of birds. Mental powers, difference of, in the two sexes in man. Menura Alberti, song of. Menura superba, long tails of both sexes of. Merganser, trachea of the male. Merganser serrator, male plumage of. Mergus cucullatus, speculum of. Mergus merganser, young of. Metallura, splendid tail-feathers of. Methoca ichneumonides, large male of. Meves, M., on the drumming of the snipe. Mexicans, civilisation of the, not foreign. Meyer, on a convoluted body at the extremity of the tail in a Macacus and a cat. Meyer, Dr. A., on the copulation of Phryganidae of distinct species. Meyer, Prof. L., on development of helix of ear; men’s ears more variable than women’s; antennae serving as ears. Migrations of man, effects