The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

widow-bird. Bartels, Dr., supernumerary mammae in men. Bartlett, A.D., period of hatching of bird’s eggs; on the tragopan; on the development of the spurs in Crossoptilon auritum; on the fighting of the males of Plectopterus gambensis; on the Knot; on display in male birds; on the display of plumage by the male Polyplectron; on Crossoptilon auritum and Phasianus Wallichii; on the habits of Lophophorus; on the colour of the mouth in Buceros bicornis; on the incubation of the cassowary; on the Cape Buffalo; on the use of the horns of antelopes; on the fighting of male wart-hogs; on Ammotragus tragelaphus; on the colours of Cercopithecus cephus; on the colours of the faces of monkeys; on the naked surfaces of monkeys. Bartlett, on courting of Argus pheasant. Bartram, on the courtship of the male alligator. Basque language, highly artificial. Bate, C.S., on the superior activity of male crustacea; on the proportions of the sexes in crabs; on the chelae of crustacea; on the relative size of the sexes in crustacea; on the colours of crustacea. Bateman, Dr., tendency to imitation in certain diseased states; on Aphasia. Bates, H.W., on variation in the form of the head of Amazonian Indians; on the proportion of the sexes among Amazonian butterflies; on sexual differences in the wings of butterflies; on the field-cricket; on Pyrodes pulcherrimus; on the horns of Lamellicorn beetles; on the colours of Epicaliae, etc.; on the coloration of tropical butterflies; on the variability of Papilio Sesostris and Childrenae; on male and female butterflies inhabiting different stations; on mimicry; on the caterpillar of a Sphinx; on the vocal organs of the umbrella-bird; on the toucans; on Brackyurus calvus. Batokas, knocking out two upper incisors. Batrachia, eagerness of male. Bats, scent-glands; sexual differences in the colour of; fur of male frugivorous. Battle, law of; among beetles; among birds; among mammals; in man. Beak, sexual difference in the forms of the; in the colour of the. Beaks, of birds, bright colours of. Beard, development of, in man; analogy of the, in man and the quadrumana; variation of the development of the, in different races of men; estimation of, among bearded nations; probable origin of the. Beard, in monkeys; of mammals. Beautiful, taste for the, in birds; in the quadrumana. Beauty, sense of, in animals; appreciation of, by birds; influence of; variability of the standard of. Beauty, sense of, sufficiently permanent for action of sexual selection. Beaven, Lieut., on the development of the horns in Cervus Eldi. Beaver, instinct and intelligence of the; voice of the; castoreum of the. Beavers, battles of male. Bechstein, on female birds choosing the best singers among the males; on rivalry in song-birds; on the singing of female birds; on birds acquiring the songs of other birds; on pairing the canary and siskin; on a sub-variety of the monk pigeon; on spurred hens. Beddoe, Dr., on causes of difference in stature. Bee-eater. Bees, pollen-baskets and stings of; destruction of drones and queens by; female, secondary sexual characters of; proportion of sexes; difference of the sexes in colour and sexual selection. Beetle, luminous larva of a. Beetles, size of the cerebral ganglia in; dilatation of the foretarsi in male; blind; stridulation of. Belgium, ancient inhabitants of. Bell, Sir C., on emotional muscles in man; “snarling muscles;” on the hand. Bell, T., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in moles; on the newts; on the croaking of the frog; on the difference in the coloration of the sexes in Zootoca vivipara; on moles fighting. Bell-bird, sexual difference in the colour of the. Bell-birds, colours of. Belt, Mr., on the nakedness of tropical mankind; on a spider-monkey and eagle; habits of ants; Lampridae distasteful to mammals; mimicry of Leptalides; colours of Nicaraguan frogs; display of humming-birds; on the toucans; protective colouring of skunk. Benevolence, manifested by birds. Bennett, A.W., attachment of mated birds; on the habits of Dromaeus irroratus. Bennett, Dr., on birds of paradise. Berbers, fertility of crosses with other races. Bernicla antarctica, colours of. Bernicle gander pairing with a Canada goose. Bert, M., crustaceans distinguish colours. Bettoni, E., on local differences in the nests of Italian birds. Beyle, M., see Bombet. Bhoteas, colour of the beard in. Bhringa, disc-formed tail-feathers of. Bianconi, Prof., on structures as explained through mechanical principles. Bibio, sexual differences in the genus. Bichat, on beauty. Bickes, proportion of sexes in man. Bile, coloured, in many animals. Bimana. Birds, imitations of the songs of other birds by; dreaming; killed by telegraph wires; language of; sense of beauty in; pleasure of, in incubation; male, incubation by; and reptiles, alliance of; sexual differences in the beak of some; migratory, arrival of the male before the female; apparent relation between polygamy and marked sexual differences in; monogamous, becoming polygamous under domestication; eagerness of male in pursuit of the female; wild, numerical proportion of the sexes in; secondary sexual characters of; difference of size in the sexes of; fights of male, witnessed by females; display of male, to captivate the females; close attention of, to the songs of others; acquiring the song of their foster-parents; brilliant, rarely good songsters; love-antics and dances of; coloration of; moulting of; unpaired; male, singing out of season; mutual affection of; in confinement, distinguish persons; hybrid, production of; Albino; European, number of species of; variability of; geographical distribution of colouring; gradation of secondary sexual characters in; obscurely coloured, building concealed nests; young female, acquiring male characters; breeding in immature plumage; moulting of; aquatic, frequency of white plumage in; vocal courtship of; naked skin of the head and neck in. Birgus latro, habits of. Birkbeck, Mr., on the finding of new mates by golden eagles. Birthplace of man. Births, numerical proportions of the sexes in, in animals and man; male and female, numerical proportion of, in England. Bischoff, Prof., on the agreement between the brains of man and of the orang; figure of the embryo of the dog; on the convolutions of the brain in the human foetus; on the difference between the skulls of man and the quadrumana; resemblance between the ape’s and man’s. Bishop, J., on the vocal organs of frogs; on the vocal organs of cervine birds; on the trachea of the Merganser. Bison, American, co-operation of; mane of the male. Bitterns, dwarf, coloration of the sexes of. Biziura lobata, musky odour of the male; large size of male. Blackbird, sexual differences in the; proportion of the sexes in the; acquisition of a song by; colour of the beak in the sexes of the; pairing with a thrush; colours and nidification of the; young of the; sexual difference in coloration of the. Black-buck, Indian, sexual difference in the colour of the. Blackcap, arrival of the male, before the female; young of the. Black-cock, polygamous; proportion of the sexes in the; pugnacity and love-dance of the; call of the; moulting of the; duration of the courtship of the; and pheasant, hybrids of; sexual difference in coloration of the; crimson eye-cere of the. Black-grouse, characters of young. Blacklock, Dr., on music. Blackwall, J., on the speaking of the magpie; on the desertion of their young by swallows; on the superior activity of male spiders; on the proportion of the sexes in spiders; on sexual variation of colour in spiders; on male spiders. Bladder-nose Seal, hood of the. Blaine, on the affections of dogs. Blair, Dr., on the relative liability of Europeans to yellow fever. Blake, C.C., on the jaw from La Naulette. Blakiston, Captain, on the American snipe; on the dances of Tetrao phasianellus. Blasius, Dr., on the species of European birds. Bledius taurus, hornlike processes of male. Bleeding, tendency to profuse. Blenkiron, Mr., on sexual preference in horses. Blennies, crest developed on the head of male, during the breeding season. Blethisa multipunctata, stridulation of. Bloch, on the proportions of the sexes in fishes. Blood, arterial, red colour of. Blood pheasant, number of spurs in. Blow-fly, sounds made by. Bluebreast, red-throated, sexual differences of the. Blumenbach, on Man; on the large size of the nasal cavities in American aborigines; on the position of man; on the number of species of man. Blyth, E., on the structure of the hand in the species of Hylobates; observations on Indian crows; on the development of the horns in the Koodoo and Eland antelopes; on the pugnacity of the males of Gallicrex cristatus; on the presence of spurs in the female Euplocamus erythrophthalmus; on the pugnacity of the amadavat; on the spoonbill; on the moulting of Anthus; on the moulting of bustards, plovers, and Gallus bankiva; on the Indian honey-buzzard; on sexual differences in the colour of the eyes of hornbills; on Oriolus melanocephalus; on Palaeornis javanicus; on the genus Ardetta; on the peregrine falcon; on young female birds acquiring male characters; on the immature plumage of birds; on representative species of birds; on the young of Turnix; on anomalous young of Lanius rufus and Colymbus glacialis; on the sexes and young of the sparrows; on dimorphism in some herons; on the ascertainment of the sex of nestling bullfinches by pulling out breast-feathers; on orioles breeding in immature plumage; on the sexes and young of Buphus and Anastomus; on the young of the blackcap and blackbird; on the young of the stonechat; on the white plumage of Anastomus; on the horns of Bovine animals; on the horns of Antilope bezoartica; on the mode of fighting of Ovis cycloceros; on the voice of the Gibbons; on the crest of the male wild goat; on the colours of Portax picta; on the colours of Antilope bezoartica; on the colour of the Axis deer; on sexual difference of colour in Hylobates hoolock; on the hog-deer; on the beard and whiskers in a monkey, becoming white with age. Boar, wild, polygamous in India; use of the tusks by the; fighting of. Boardman, Mr., Albino birds in U.S. Boitard and Corbie, MM., on the transmission of sexual peculiarities in pigeons; on the antipathy shewn by some female pigeons to certain males. Bold, Mr., on the singing of a sterile hybrid canary. Bombet, on the variability of the standard of beauty in Europe. Bombus, difference of the sexes in. Bombycidae, coloration of; pairing of the; colours of. Bombycilla carolinensis, red appendages of. Bombyx cynthia, proportion of the sexes in; pairing of. Bombyx mori, difference of size of the male and female cocoons of; pairing of. Bombyx Pernyi, proportion of sexes of. Bombyx Yamamai, M. Personnat on; proportion of sexes of. Bonaparte, C.L., on the call-notes of the wild turkey. Bond, F., on the finding of new mates by crows. Bone, implements of, skill displayed in making. Boner, C., on the transfer of male characters to an old female chamois; on the habits of stags; on the pairing of red deer. Bones, increase of, in length and thickness, when carrying a greater weight. Bonizzi, P., difference of colour in sexes of pigeons. Bonnet monkey. Bonwick, J., extinction of Tasmanians. Boomerang. Boreus hyemalis, scarcity of the male. Bory St. Vincent, on the number of species of man; on the colours of Labrus pavo. Bos etruscus. Bos gaurus, horns of. Bos moschatus. Bos primigenius. Bos sondaicus, horns of, colours of. Botocudos, mode of life of; disfigurement of the ears and lower lip of the. Boucher de Perthes, J.C. de, on the antiquity of man. Bourbon, proportion of the sexes in a species of Papilio from. Bourien on the marriage-customs of the savages of the Malay Archipelago. Bovidae, dewlaps of. Bower-birds, habits of the; ornamented playing-places of. Bows, use of. Brachycephalic structure, possible explanation of. Brachyura. Brachyurus calvus, scarlet face of. Bradley, Mr., abductor ossis metatarsi quinti in man. Brain, of man, agreement of the, with that of lower animals; convolutions of, in the human foetus; influence of development of mental faculties upon the size of the; influence of the development of on the spinal column and skull; larger in some existing mammals than in their tertiary prototypes; relation of the development of the, to the progress of language; disease of the,