The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

Dewlaps, of Cattle and antelopes. Diadema, sexual differences of colouring in the species of. Diamond-beetles, bright colours of. Diastema, occurrence of, in man. Diastylidae, proportion of the sexes in. Dicrurus, racket-shaped feathers in; nidification of. Dicrurus macrocercus, change of plumage in. Didelphis opossum, sexual difference in the colour of. Differences, comparative, between different species of birds of the same sex. Digits, supernumerary, more frequent in men than in women; supernumerary, inheritance of; supernumerary, early development of. Dimorphism, in females of water-beetles; in Neurothemis and Agrion. Diodorus, on the absence of beard in the natives of Ceylon. Dipelicus Cantori, sexual differences of. Diplopoda, prehensile limbs of the male. Dipsas cynodon, sexual difference in the colour of. Diptera. Disease, generated by the contact of distinct peoples. Diseases, common to man and the lower animals; difference of liability to, in different races of men; new, effects of, upon savages; sexually limited. Display, coloration of Lepidoptera for; of plumage by male birds. Distribution, wide, of man; geographical, as evidence of specific distinctness in man. Disuse, effects of, in producing rudimentary organs; and use of parts, effects of; of parts, influence of, on the races of men. Divorce, freedom of, among the Charruas. Dixon, E.S., on the pairing of different species of geese; on the courtship of peafowl. Dobrizhoffer, on the marriage-customs of the Abipones. Dobson, Dr., on the Cheiroptera; scent-glands of bats; frugivorous bats. Dogs, suffering from tertian ague; memory of; dreaming; diverging when drawing sledges over thin ice; exercise of reasoning faculties by; domestic, progress of, in moral qualities; distinct tones uttered by; parallelism between his affection for his master and religious feeling; sociability of the; sympathy of, with a sick cat; sympathy of, with his master; their possession of conscience; possible use of the hair on the fore-legs of the; races of the; numerical proportion of male and female births in; sexual affection between individuals of; howling at certain notes; rolling in carrion. Dolichocephalic structure, possible cause of. Dolphins, nakedness of. Domestic animals, races of; change of breeds of. Domestication, influence of, in removing the sterility of hybrids. D’Orbigny, A., on the influence of dampness and dryness on the colour of the skin; on the Yuracaras. Dotterel. Doubleday, E., on sexual differences in the wings of butterflies. Doubleday, H., on the proportion of the sexes in the smaller moths; males of Lasiocampa quercus and on the attraction of the Saturnia carpini by the female; on the proportion of the sexes in the Lepidoptera; on the ticking of Anobium tesselatum; on the structure of Ageronia feronia; on white butterflies alighting upon paper. Douglas, J.W., on the sexual differences of the Hemiptera; colours of British Homoptera. Down, of birds. Draco, gular appendages of. Dragonet, Gemmeous. Dragon-flies, caudal appendages of male; relative size of the sexes of; difference in the sexes of; want of pugnacity by the male. Drake, breeding plumage of the. Dreams, possible source of the belief in spiritual agencies. Drill, sexual difference of colour in the. Dromaeus irroratus. Dromolaea, Saharan species of. Drongo shrike. Drongos, racket-shaped feathers in the tails of. Dryness of climate, supposed influence of, on the colour of the skin. Dryopithecus. Duck, harlequin, age of mature plumage in the; breeding in immature plumage. Duck, long-tailed, preference of male, for certain females. Duck, pintail, pairing with a widgeon. Duck, voice of the; pairing with a shield-drake; immature plumage of the. Duck, wild, sexual differences in the; speculum and male characters of; pairing with a pin-tail drake. Ducks, wild, becoming polygamous under partial domestication; dogs and cats recognised by. Dufosse, Dr., sounds produced by fish. Dugong, nakedness of; tusks of. Dujardin, on the relative size of the cerebral ganglia, in insects. Duncan, Dr., on the fertility of early marriages; comparative health of married and single. Dupont, M., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man. Durand, J.P., on causes of variation. Dureau de la Malle, on the songs of birds; on the acquisition of an air by blackbirds. Dutch, retention of their colour by the, in South Africa. Duty, sense of. Duvaucel, female Hylobates washing her young. Dyaks, pride of, in mere homicide. Dynastes, large size of males of. Dynastini, stridulation of. Dytiscus, dimorphism of females of; grooved elytra of the female. Eagle, young Cercopithecus rescued from, by the troop. Eagle, white-headed, breeding in immature plumage. Eagles, golden, new mates found by. Ear, motion of the; external shell of the, useless in man; rudimentary point of the, in man. Ears, more variable in men than women; piercing and ornamentation of the. Earwigs, parental feeling in. Echidna. Echini, bright colours of some. Echinodermata, absence of secondary sexual characters in. Echis carinata. Ecker, figure of the human embryo; on the development of the gyri and sulci of the brain; on the sexual differences in the pelvis in man; on the presence of a sagittal crest in Australians. Edentata, former wide range of, in America; absence of secondary sexual characters in. Edolius, racket-shaped feathers in. Edwards, Mr., on the proportion of the sexes in North American species of Papilio. Eels, hermaphroditism of. Egerton, Sir P., on the use of the antlers of deer; on the pairing of red deer; on the bellowing of stags. Eggs, hatched by male fishes. Egret, Indian, sexes and young of. Egrets, breeding plumage of; white. Ehrenberg, on the mane of the male Hamadryas baboon. Ekstrom, M., on Harelda glacialis. Elachista rufocinerea, habits of male. Eland, development of the horns of the. Elands, sexual differences of colour in. Elaphomyia, sexual differences in. Elaphrus uliginosus, stridulation of. Elaps. Elateridae, proportion of the sexes in. Elaters, luminous. Elephant, rate of increase of the; nakedness of the; using a fan; Indian, forbearance to his keeper; polygamous habits of the; pugnacity of the male; tusks of; Indian, mode of fighting of the; male, odour emitted by the; attacking white or grey horses. Elevation of abode, modifying influence of. Elimination of inferior individuals. Elk, winter change of the. Elk, Irish, horns of the. Ellice Islands, beards of the natives. Elliot, D.G., on Pelecanus erythrorhynchus. Elliot, R., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in young rats; on the proportion of the sexes in sheep. Elliot, Sir W., on the polygamous habits of the Indian wild boar. Ellis, on the prevalence of infanticide in Polynesia. Elphinstone, Mr., on local difference of stature among the Hindoos; on the difficulty of distinguishing the native races of India. Elytra, of the females of Dytiscus Acilius, Hydroporus. Emberiza, characters of young. Emberiza miliaria. Emberiza schoeniclus, head-feathers of the male. Embryo of man; of the dog. Embryos of mammals, resemblance of the. Emigration. Emotions experienced by the lower animals in common with man; manifested by animals. Emperor butterfly. Emperor moth. Emu, sexes and incubation of. Emulation of singing birds. Endurance, estimation of. Energy, a characteristic of men. England, numerical proportion of male and female births in. Engleheart, Mr., on the finding of new mates by starlings. English, success of, as colonists. Engravers, short-sighted. Entomostraca. Entozoa, difference of colour between the males and females of some. Environment, direct action of the, in causing differences between the sexes. Envy, persistence of. Eocene period, possible divergence of men during the. Eolidae, colours of, produced by the biliary glands. Epeira nigra, small size of the male of. Ephemerae. Ephemeridae. Ephippiger vitium, stridulating organs of. Epicalia, sexual differences of colouring in the species of. Equus hemionus, winter change of. Erateina, coloration of. Ercolani, Prof., hermaphroditism in eels. Erect attitude of man. Eristalis, courting of. Eschricht, on the development of hair in man; on a languinous moustache in a female foetus; on the want of definition between the scalp and the forehead in some children; on the arrangement of the hair in the human foetus; on the hairiness of the face in the human foetus of both sexes. Esmeralda, difference of colour in the sexes of. Esox lucius. Esox reticulatus. Esquimaux, their belief in the inheritance of dexterity in seal-catching; mode of life of. Estrelda amandava, pugnacity of the male. Eubagis, sexual differences of colouring in the species of. Euchirus longimanus, sound produced by. Eudromias morinellus. Eulampis jugularis, colours of the female. Euler, on the rate of increase in the United States. Eunomota superciliaris, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of. Eupetomena macroura, colours of the female. Euphema splendida. Euplocamus erythrophthalmus, possession of spurs by the female. Europe, ancient inhabitants of. Europeans, difference of, from Hindoos; hairiness of, probably due to reversion. Eurostopodus, sexes of. Eurygnathus, different proportions of the head in the sexes of. Eustephanus, sexual differences of species of; young of. Exaggeration of natural characters by man. Exogamy. Experience, acquisition of, by animals. Expression, resemblances in, between man and the apes. Extinction of races, causes of. Eye, destruction of the; change of position in; obliquity of, regarded as a beauty by the Chinese and Japanese. Eyebrows, elevation of; development of long hairs in; in monkeys; eradicated in parts of South America and Africa; eradication of, by the Indians of Paraguay. Eyelashes, eradication of, by the Indians of Paraguay. Eyelids, coloured black, in part of Africa. Eyes, pillared, of the male of Chloeon; difference in the colour of, in the sexes of birds. Eyton, T.C., observations on the development of the horns in the fallow deer. Eyzies, Les, human remains from. Fabre, M., on the habits of Cerceris. Facial bones, causes of modification of the. Faculties, diversity of, in the same race of men; inheritance of; diversity of, in animals of the same species; mental variation of, in the same species; of birds. Fakirs, Indian, tortures undergone by. Falco leucocephalus. Falco peregrinus. Falco tinnunclus. Falcon, peregrine, new mate found by. Falconer, H., on the mode of fighting of the Indian elephant; on canines in a female deer; on Hyomoschus aquaticus. Falkland Islands, horses of. Fallow-deer, different coloured herds of. Famines, frequency of, among savages. Farr, Dr., on the effects of profligacy; on the influence of marriage on mortality. Farrar, F.W., on the origin of language; on the crossing or blending of languages; on the absence of the idea of God in certain races of men; on early marriages of the poor; on the middle ages. Farre, Dr., on the structure of the uterus. Fashions, long prevalence of, among savages. Faye, Prof., on the numerical proportion of male and female births in Norway and Russia; on the greater mortality of male children at and before birth. Feathers, modified, producing sounds; elongated, in male birds; racket-shaped; barbless and with filamentous barbs in certain birds; shedding of margins of. Feeding, high, probable influence of, in the pairing of birds of different species. Feet, thickening of the skin on the soles of the; modification of, in man. Felis canadensis, throat-ruff of. Felis pardalis and F. mitis, sexual difference in the colouring of. Female, behaviour of the, during courtship. Female birds, differences of. Females, presence of rudimentary male organs in; preference of, for certain males; pursuit of, by males; occurrence of secondary sexual characters in; development of male character by. Females and males, comparative numbers of; comparative mortality of, while young. Femur and tibia, proportions of, in the Aymara Indians. Fenton, Mr., decrease of Maories; infanticide amongst the Maories. Ferguson, Mr., on the courtship of fowls. Fertilisation, phenomena of, in plants; in the lower animals. Fertility lessened under changed conditions. Fevers, immunity of Negroes and Mulattoes from. Fiber zibethicus, protective colouring of it. Fick, H., effect of conscription for military service. Fidelity, in the elephant; of savages to one another; importance of. Field-slaves, difference of, from house-slaves. Fiji Archipelago, population of the. Fiji Islands, beards of the natives; marriage-customs of the. Fijians, burying their old and sick parents alive; estimation of the beard among the; admiration of, for a broad occiput. Filial affection, partly the result of natural selection. Filum terminale. Finch, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a. Finches, spring change of colour in; British, females of the. Fingers, partially coherent, in species of Hylobates. Finlayson, on the Cochin Chinese. Fire, use of. Fischer, on the pugnacity of the male of