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Section 1 of 7
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Page 2 of 11
FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
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Chapter 1 — FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
Central question
How does Richard Greenow’s life become a farce of identity and ambition?
Main argument
The story treats Greenow’s social existence as comic...
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Section 1 of 7
Chapter 1 — FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
Central question
How does Richard Greenow’s life become a farce of identity and ambition?
Main argument
The story treats Greenow’s social existence as comic biography: a person made legible through mismatch between how he appears and how he is read. Huxley uses the “history” form to undercut the dignity of the subject. The result is a satire of self-importance and social narration.
Key ideas
Biography becomes comedy.
Identity is unstable under social scrutiny.
The title itself signals mock-serious treatment.
Key takeaway
Greenow’s life is presented as a joke about the stories people tell about themselves.
mortified the flesh with
fasting and watching .
He even went so far as to flagellate himself --
or
at least tried to ;
for it is very difficult to flagellate yourself
adequately with a cane in a room so small that any violent gesture
imperils the bric-à-brac .
He would pass half the night stark naked ,
in
absurd postures ,
trying to hurt himself .
And then ,
after the
dolorously pleasant process of self-maceration was over ,
he used to
lean out of the window and listen to the murmurs of the night and fill
his spirit with the warm velvet darkness of midsummer .
Copthorne-Slazenger,
coming back by the late train from town one
night ,
happened to see his moon-pale
face hanging out of window and
was delighted to be able to give him two hundred Greek lines to remind
him that even a member of the Sixth Form requires sleep sometimes .
The fit lasted three weeks . "
I can't think what's the matter with you ,
Greenow,"
complained Mr . Skewbauld
snufflingly . "
You seem incapable or
unwilling to do anything at all .
I suspect the cause is constipation .
If only everyone would take a little paraffin every night before going
to bed ! . . ."
Mr . Skewbauld's self-imposed
mission in life
was the propagation of the paraffin habit .
It was the universal
panacea --
the cure for every ill .
His friends of before the crisis shook their heads and could only
suppose him mad .
And then the fit ended as suddenly as it had begun .
It happened at a dinner-party
given by the Cravisters. Dr. Cravister
was the Headmaster of Æsop--
a good ,
gentle ,
learned old man ,
with
snow-white
hair and a saintly face which the spirit of comic irony had
embellished with a nose that might ,
so red and bulbous it was ,
have
been borrowed from the properties of a music-hall
funny man .
And then
there was Mrs . Cravister,
large and stately as a galleon with all
sails set .
Those who met her for the first time might be awed by the
dignity of what an Elizabethan
would have called her "
swelling port ."
But those who knew her well went in terror of the fantastic spirit
which lurked behind the outward majesty .
They were afraid of what that
richly modulated voice of hers might utter .
It was not merely that she
was malicious --
and she had a gift of ever-ready
irony ;
no ,
what was
alarming in all her conversation was the element of the unexpected .
With most people one feels comfortably secure that they will always
say the obvious and ordinary things ;
with Mrs . Cravister,
never .
The
best one could do was to be on guard and to try and look ,
when she
made a more than usually characteristic remark ,
less of a bewildered
fool than one felt .
Mrs . Cravister
received her guests --
they were all of them boys --
with
stately courtesy .
They found it pleasant to be taken so seriously ,
to
be treated as perfectly grown men ;
but at the same time ,
they always
had with Mrs . Cravister
a faint uncomfortable suspicion that all her
politeness was an irony so exquisite as to be practically
undistinguishable from ingenuousness .
"
Good evening ,
Mr .
Gay ,"
she said ,
holding out her hand and shutting
her eyes ;
it was one of her disconcerting habits ,
this shutting of the
eyes . "
What a pleasure it will be to hear you talking to us again
about eschatology ."
Gay ,
who had never talked about eschatology and did not know the
meaning of the word ,
smiled a little dimly and made a protesting
noise .
"
Eschatology ?
What a charming subject !"
The fluty voice belonged to
Henry Cravister,
the Headmaster's son ,
a man of about forty who worked
in the British Museum .
He was almost too cultured ,
too erudite .
"
But I don't know anything about it ,"
said Gay desperately .
"
Spare us your modesty ," Henry Cravister
protested .
His mother shook hands with the other guests ,
putting some at their
ease with a charming phrase and embarrassing others by saying
something baffling and unexpected that would have dismayed even the
hardiest diner-out,
much more a schoolboy tremblingly on his good
behaviour .
At the tail end of the group of boys stood Dick and Francis
Quarles.
Mrs . Cravister
slowly raised her heavy waxen eyelids and
regarded them a moment in silence .
"
The Græco-Roman
and the Gothic side by side !"
she exclaimed . "
Lord
Francis
is something in the Vatican,
a rather late piece of work ;
and
Mr . Greenow
is a little gargoyle from the roof of Notre
Dame de Paris.
Two epochs of art --
how clearly one sees the difference .
And my
husband ,
I always think ,
is purely Malayan
in design --
purely Malayan,"
she repeated as she shook hands with the two boys .
Dick blushed to the roots of his hair ,
but Francis'
impassive
arrogance remained unmoved .
Dick stole a glance in his direction ,
and
at the sight of his calm face he felt a new wave of adoring admiration
sweeping through him .
The company was assembled and complete ,
Mrs . Cravister
looked round
the room and remarking , "
We won't wait for Mr . Copthorne-Slazenger,"
sailed majestically in the direction of the door .
She particularly
disliked this member of her husband's staff ,
and lost no opportunity
of being rude to him .
Thus ,
where an ordinary hostess might have said ,
"
Shall we come in to dinner ?"
Mrs . Cravister
employed the formula , "
We
won't wait for Mr . Copthorne-Slazenger";
and a guest unacquainted with
Mrs . Cravister's
habits would be surprised on entering the dining-room
to find that all the seats at the table were filled ,
and that the meal
proceeded smoothly without a single further reference to the missing
Copthorne,
who never turned up at all ,
for the good reason that he had
never been invited .
Dinner began a little nervously and uncomfortably .
At one end of the
table the Headmaster was telling anecdotes of Æsop
in the sixties ,
at
which the boys in his neighbourhood laughed with a violent nervous
insincerity . Henry Cravister,
still talking about eschatology ,
was
quoting from Sidonius Apollinarius
and Commodianus
of Gaza.
Mrs .
Cravister,
who had been engaged in a long colloquy with the butler ,
suddenly turned on Dick with the remark , "
And so you have a deep ,
passionate fondness for cats ,"
as though they had been intimately
discussing the subject for the last hour .
Dick had enough presence of
mind to say that ,
yes ,
he did like cats --
all except those Manx
ones
that had no tails .
"
No tails ,"
Mrs . Cravister
repeated --"
no tails .
Like men .
How
symbolical everything is !"
Francis Quarles
was sitting opposite him ,
so that Dick had ample
opportunity to look at his idol .
How perfectly he did everything ,
down
to eating his soup !
The first lines of a new poem began to buzz in
Dick's head :
"
All ,
all I lay at thy proud marble feet --
My heart ,
my love and all my future days .
Upon thy brow for ever let me gaze ,
For ever touch thy hair :
oh (
something )
sweet . . ."
Would he be able to find enough rhymes to make it into a sonnet ?
Mrs .
Cravister,
who had been leaning back in her chair for the last few
minutes in a state of exhausted abstraction ,
opened her eyes and said
to nobody in particular :
"
Ah ,
how I envy the calm of those Chinese dynasties !"
"
Which Chinese dynasties ?"
a well-meaning
youth inquired .
"
Any Chinese dynasty ,
the more remote the better . Henry,
tell us the
names of some Chinese dynasties ."
In obedience to his mother , Henry
delivered a brief disquisition on
the history of politics ,
art ,
and letters in the Far East .
The Headmaster continued his reminiscences .
An angel of silence passed .
The boys ,
whose shyness had begun to wear
off ,
became suddenly and painfully conscious of hearing themselves
eating .
Mrs . Cravister
saved the situation .
"
Lord Francis
knows all about birds ,"
she said in her most thrilling
voice . "
Perhaps he can tell us why it is the unhappy fate of the
carrion crow to mate for life ."
Conversation again became general .
Dick was still thinking about his
sonnet .
Oh ,
these rhymes !--
praise ,
bays ,
roundelays ,
amaze :
greet ,
bleat ,
defeat ,
beat ,
paraclete . . . .
". . .
to sing the praise
In anthems high and solemn roundelays
Of Holy Father ,
Son and Paraclete ."
That was good --
damned good ;
but it hardly seemed to fit in with the
first quatrain .
It would do for one of his religious poems ,
though .
He
had written a lot of sacred verse lately .
Then suddenly ,
cutting across his ecstatic thoughts ,
came the sound of
Henry Cravister's
reedy voice .
"
But I always find Pater's style so _
coarse _,"
it said .
Something explosive took place in Dick's head .
It often happens when
one blows one's nose that some passage in the labyrinth connecting
ears and nose and throat is momentarily blocked ,
and one becomes deaf
and strangely dizzy .
Then ,
suddenly ,
the mucous bubble bursts ,
sound
rushes back to the brain ,
the head feels clear and stable once more .
It was something like this ,
but transposed into terms of the spirit ,
that seemed now to have happened to Dick .
It was as though some mysterious obstruction in his brain ,
which had
dammed up and diverted his faculties from their normal course during
the past three weeks ,
had been on a sudden overthrown .
His life seemed
to be flowing once more along familiar channels .
He was himself again .
"
But I always find Pater's style so _
coarse _."
These few words of solemn foolery were the spell which had somehow
performed the miracle .
It was just the sort of remark he might have
made three weeks ago ,
before the crisis .
For a moment ,
indeed ,
he
almost thought it was he himself who had spoken ;
his own authentic
voice ,
carried across the separating gulf of days ,
had woken him again
to life !
He looked at Francis Quarles.
Why ,
the fellow was nothing but a great
prize ox ,
a monstrous animal . "
There was a Lady loved a Swine .
Honey ,
said she . . ."
It was ignoble ,
it was ridiculous .
He could have
hidden his face in his hands for pure shame ;
shame tingled through his
body .
Goodness ,
how grotesquely he had behaved !
He leaned across and began talking to Henry Cravister
about Pater and
style and books in general . Cravister
was amazed at the maturity of
the boy's mind ;
for he possessed to a remarkable degree that critical
faculty which in the vast majority of boys is --
and from their lack of
experience must be --
wholly lacking .
"
You must come and see me some time when you're in London," Henry
Cravister
said to him when the time came for the boys to get back to
their houses .
Dick was flattered ;
he had not said that to any of the
others .
He walked home with Gay ,
laughing and talking quite in his old
fashion .
Gay marvelled at the change in his companion ;
strange ,
inexplicable fellow !
but it was pleasant to have him back again ,
to
repossess the lost friend .
Arrived in his room ,
Dick sat down to
attack the last set of mathematical problems that had been set him .
Three hours ago they had appeared utterly incomprehensible ;
now he
understood them perfectly .
His mind was like a giant refreshed ,
delighting in its strength .
Next day Mr . Skewbauld
congratulated him on his answers .
"
You seem quite to have recovered your old form , Greenow,"
he said .
"
Did you take my advice ?
Paraffin regularly . . ."
Looking back on the events of the last weeks ,
Dick was disquieted .
Mr .
Skewbauld
might be wrong in recommending paraffin ,
but he was surely
right in supposing that something was the matter and required a
remedy .
What could it be ?
He felt so well ;
but that ,
of course ,
proved
nothing .
He began doing Müller's
exercises ,
and he bought a jar of
malt extract and a bottle of hypophosphites .
After much consultation
of medical handbooks and the encyclopædia ,
he came to the conclusion
that he was suffering from anæmia of the brain ;
and for some time one
fixed idea haunted him :
Suppose the blood completely ceased to flow to
his brain ,
suppose he were to fall down suddenly dead or ,
worse ,
become utterly and hopelessly paralysed . . . .
Happily
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