The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

In the stickleback. Polygenists. Polynesia, prevalence of infanticide in. Polynesians, wide geographical range of; difference of stature among the; crosses of; variability of; heterogeneity of the; aversion of, to hairs on the face. Polyplectron, number of spurs in; display of plumage by the male; gradation of characters in; female of. Polyplectron chinquis. Polyplectron Hardwickii. Polyplectron malaccense. Polyplectron Napoleonis. Polyzoa. Pomotis. Pontoporeia affinis. Porcupine, mute, except in the rutting season. Pores, excretory, numerical relation of, to the hairs in sheep. Porpitae, bright colours of some. Portax picta, dorsal crest and throat-tuft of; sexual differences of colour in. Portunus puber, pugnacity of. Potamochoerus pencillatus, tusks and facial knobs of the. Pouchet, G., the relation of instinct to intelligence; on the instincts of ants; on the caves of Abou-Simbel; on the immunity of negroes from yellow fever; change of colour in fishes. Pouter pigeon, late development of the large crop in. Powell, Dr., on stridulation. Power, Dr., on the different colours of the sexes in a species of Squilla. Powys, Mr., on the habits of the chaffinch in Corfu. Pre-eminence of man. Preference for males by female birds; shewn by mammals, in pairing. Prehensile organs. Presbytis entellus, fighting of the male. Preyer, Dr., on function of shell of ear; on supernumerary mammae in women. Prichard, on the difference of stature among the Polynesians; on the connection between the breadth of the skull in the Mongolians and the perfection of their senses; on the capacity of British skulls of different ages; on the flattened heads of the Colombian savages; on Siamese notions of beauty; on the beardlessness of the Siamese; on the deformation of the head among American tribes and the natives of Arakhan. Primary sexual organs. Primates, sexual differences of colour in. Primogeniture, evils of. Prionidae, difference of the sexes in colour. Proctotretus multimaculatus. Proctotretus tenuis, sexual difference in the colour of. Profligacy. Progenitors, early, of man. Progress, not the normal rule in human society; elements of. Prong-horn antelope, horns of. Proportions, difference of, in distinct races. Protective colouring in butterflies; in lizards; in birds; in mammals. Protective nature of the dull colouring of female Lepidoptera. Protective resemblances in fishes. Protozoa, absence of secondary sexual characters in. Pruner-Bey, on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man; on the colour of negro infants. Prussia, numerical proportion of male and female births in. Psocus, proportions of the sexes in. Ptarmigan, monogamous; summer and winter plumage of the; nuptial assemblages of; triple moult of the; protective coloration of. Puff-birds, colours and nidification of the. Pugnacity of fine-plumaged male birds. Pumas, stripes of young. Puppies learning from cats to clean their faces. Pycnonotus haemorrhous, pugnacity of the male; display of under-tail coverts by the male. Pyranga aestiva, male aiding in incubation; male characters in female of. Pyrodes, difference of the sexes in colour. Quadrumana, hands of; differences between man and the; sexual differences of colour in; ornamental characters of; analogy of sexual differences of, with those of man; fighting of males for the females; monogamous habits of; beards of the. Quain, R., on the variation of the muscles in man. Quatrefages, A. de, on the occurrence of a rudimentary tail in man; on variability; on the moral sense as a distinction between man and animals; civilised men stronger than savages; on the fertility of Australian women with white men; on the Paulistas of Brazil; on the evolution of the breeds of cattle; on the Jews; on the liability of negroes to tropical fevers after residence in a cold climate; on the difference between field-and house-slaves; on the influence of climate on colour; colours of annelids; on the Ainos; on the women of San Giuliano. Quechua, see Quichua. Querquedula acuta. Quetelet, proportion of sexes in man; relative size in man and woman. Quichua Indians; local variation of colour in the; no grey hair among the; hairlessness of the; long hair of the. Quiscalus major, proportions of the sexes of, in Florida and Honduras. Rabbit, white tail of the. Rabbits, domestic, elongation of the skull in; modification of the skull in, by the lopping of the ear; danger-signals of; numerical proportion of the sexes in. Races, distinctive characters of; or species of man; crossed, fertility or sterility of; of man, variability of the; of man, resemblance of, in mental characters; formation of; of man, extinction of; effects of the crossing of; of man, formation of the; of man, children of the; beardless, aversion of, to hairs on the face. Raffles, Sir S., on the banteng. Rafts, use of. Rage, manifested by animals. Raia batis, teeth of. Raia clavata, female spined on the back; sexual difference in the teeth of. Raia maculata, teeth of. Rails, spur-winged. Ram, mode of fighting of the; African, mane of an; fat-tailed. Rameses II., features of. Ramsay, Mr., on the Australian musk-duck; on the regent-bird; on the incubation of Menura superba. Rana esculenta, vocal sacs of. Rat, common, general dispersion of, a consequence of superior cunning; supplantation of the native in New Zealand, by the European rat; common, said to be polygamous; numerical proportion of the sexes in. Rats, enticed by essential oils. Rationality of birds. Rattlesnakes, difference of the sexes in the; rattles as a call. Raven, vocal organs of the; stealing bright objects; pied, of the Feroe Islands. Rays, prehensile organs of male. Razor-bill, young of the. Reade, Winwood, suicide among savages in Africa; mulattoes not prolific; effect of castration of horned sheep; on the Guinea sheep; on the occurrence of a mane in an African ram; on singing of negroes; on the negroes’ appreciation of the beauty of their women; on the admiration of negroes for a black skin; on the idea of beauty among negroes; on the Jollofs; on the marriage-customs of the negroes. Reason in animals. Redstart, American, breeding in immature plumage. Redstarts, new mates found by. Reduvidae, stridulation of. Reed-bunting, head-feathers of the male; attacked by a bullfinch. Reefs, fishes frequenting. Reeks, H., retention of horns by breeding deer; cow rejected by a bull; destruction of piebald rabbits by cats. Regeneration, partial, of lost parts in man. Regent bird. Reindeer, horns of the; battles of; horns of the female; antlers of, with numerous points; winter change of the; sexual preferences shown by. Relationship, terms of. Religion, deficiency of among certain races; psychical elements of. Remorse, deficiency of, among savages. Rengger, on the diseases of Cebus Azarae; on the diversity of the mental faculties of monkeys; on the Payaguas Indians; on the inferiority of Europeans to savages in their senses; revenge taken by monkeys; on maternal affection in a Cebus; on the reasoning powers of American monkeys; on the use of stones by monkeys for cracking hard nuts; on the sounds uttered by Cebus Azarae; on the signal-cries of monkeys; on the polygamous habits of Mycetes caraya; on the voice of the howling monkeys; on the odour of Cervus campestris; on the beards of Mycetes caraya and Pithecia Satanas; on the colours of Felis mitis; on the colours of Cervus paludosus; on sexual differences of colour in Mycetes; on the colour of the infant Guaranys; on the early maturity of the female of Cebus Azarae; on the beards of the Guaranys; on the emotional notes employed by monkeys; on American polygamous monkeys. Representative species, of birds. Reproduction, unity of phenomena of, throughout the mammalia; period of, in birds. Reproductive system, rudimentary structures in the; accessory parts of. Reptiles. Reptiles and birds, alliance of. Resemblances, small, between man and the apes. Retrievers, exercise of reasoning faculties by. Revenge, manifested by animals. Reversion, perhaps the cause of some bad dispositions. Rhagium, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of. Rhamphastos carinatus. Rhea Darwinii. Rhinoceros, nakedness of; horns of; horns of, used defensively; attacking white or grey horses. Rhynchaea, sexes and young of. Rhynchaea australis. Rhynchaea bengalensis. Rhynchaea capensis. Rhythm, perception of, by animals. Richard, M., on rudimentary muscles in man. Richardson, Sir J., on the pairing of Tetrao umbellus; on Tetrao urophasianus; on the drumming of grouse; on the dances of Tetrao phasianellus; on assemblages of grouse; on the battles of male deer; on the reindeer; on the horns of the musk-ox; on antlers of the reindeer with numerous points; on the moose; on the Scotch deerhound. Richter, Jean Paul, on imagination. Riedel, on profligate female pigeons. Riley, Mr., on mimicry in butterflies; bird’s disgust at taste of certain caterpillars. Ring-ouzel, colours and nidification of the. Ripa, Father, on the difficulty of distinguishing the races of the Chinese. Rivalry, in singing, between male birds. River-hog, African, tusks and knobs of the. Rivers, analogy of, to islands. Roach, brightness of the male during breeding-season. Robbery, of strangers, considered honourable. Robertson, Mr., remarks on the development of the horns in the roebuck and red deer. Robin, pugnacity of the male; autumn song of the; female singing of the; attacking other birds with red in their plumage; young of the. Robinet, on the difference of size of the male and female cocoons of the silk-moth. Rodents, uterus in the; absence of secondary sexual characters in; sexual differences in the colours of. Roe, winter changes of the. Rohfs, Dr., Caucasian features in negro; fertility of mixed races in Sahara; colours of birds in Sahara; ideas of beauty amongst the Bornuans. Rolle, F., on the origin of man; on a change in German families settled in Georgia. Roller, harsh cry of. Romans, ancient, gladiatorial exhibitions of the. Rook, voice of the. Rossler, Dr., on the resemblance of the lower surface of butterflies to the bark of trees. Rostrum, sexual difference in the length of in some weevils. Royer, Madlle., mammals giving suck. Rudimentary organs, origin of. Rudiments, presence of, in languages. Rudolphi, on the want of connexion between climate and the colour of the skin. Ruff, supposed to be polygamous; proportion of the sexes in the; pugnacity of the; double moult in; duration of dances of; attraction of the, to bright objects. Ruminants, male, disappearance of canine teeth in; generally polygamous; suborbital pits of; sexual differences of colour in. Rupicola crocea, display of plumage by the male. Ruppell, on canine teeth in deer and antelopes. Russia, numerical proportion of male and female births in. Ruticilla. Rutimeyer, Prof., on the physiognomy of the apes; on tusks of miocene boar; on the sexual differences of monkeys. Rutlandshire, numerical proportion of male and female births in. Sachs, Prof., on the behaviour of the male and female elements in fertilisation. Sacrifices, human. Sagittal crest, in male apes and Australians. Sahara, fertility of mixed races in; birds of the; animal inhabitants of the. Sailors, growth of, delayed by conditions of life; long-sighted. Sailors and soldiers, difference in the proportions of. St. John, Mr., on the attachment of mated birds. St. Kilda, beards of the inhabitants of. Salmo eriox, and Salmo umbla, colouring of the male, during the breeding season. Salmo lycaodon. Salmo salar. Salmon, leaping out of fresh water; male, ready to breed before the female; proportion of the sexes in; male, pugnacity of the; male, characters of, during the breeding season; spawning of the; breeding of immature male. Salvin, O., inheritance of mutilated feathers; on the Humming-birds; on the numerical proportion of the sexes in Humming-birds; on Chamaepetes and Penelope; on Selasphorus platycercus; Pipra deliciosa; on Chasmorhynchus. Samoa Islands, beardlessness of the natives of. Sandhoppers, claspers of male. Sand-skipper. Sandwich Islands, variation in the skulls of the natives of the; decrease of native population; population of; superiority of the nobles in the. Sandwich Islanders, lice of. San-Giuliano, women of. Santali, recent rapid increase of the; Mr. Hunter on the. Saphirina, characters of the males of. Sarkidiornis melanonotus, characters of the young. Sars, O., on Pontoporeia affinis. Saturnia carpini, attraction of males by the female. Saturnia Io, difference of coloration in the sexes of. Saturniidae, coloration of the. Savage, Dr., on the fighting of the male gorillas; on the habits of the gorilla. Savage and Wyman on the polygamous habits of the gorilla. Savages, uniformity of, exaggerated; long-sighted; rate of increase among, usually small; retention of