The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

the beard in races of men of. Indian, North American, honoured for scalping a man of another tribe. Individuality, in animals. Indolence of man, when free from a struggle for existence. Indopicus carlotta, colours of the sexes of. Infanticide, prevalence of; supposed cause of; prevalence and causes of. Inferiority, supposed physical, of man. Inflammation of the bowels, occurrence of, in Cebus Azarae. Inheritance, of long and short sight; of effects of use of vocal and mental organs; of moral tendencies; laws of; sexual; sexually limited. Inquisition, influence of the. Insanity, hereditary. insect, fossil, from the Devonian. Insectivora, absence of secondary sexual characters in. Insects, relative size of the cerebral ganglia in; male, appearance of, before the females; pursuit of female, by the males; period of development of sexual characters in; secondary sexual characters of; kept in cages; stridulation. Insessores, vocal organs of. Instep, depth of, in soldiers and sailors. Instinct and intelligence. Instinct, migratory, vanquishing the maternal. Instinctive actions, the result of inheritance. Instinctive impulses, difference of the force; and moral impulses, alliance of. Instincts, complex origin of, through natural selection; possible origin of some; acquired, of domestic animals; variability of the force of; difference of force between the social and other; utilised for new purposes. Instrumental music of birds. Intellect, influence of, in natural selection in civilised society. Intellectual faculties, their influence on natural selection in man; probably perfected through natural selection. Intelligence, Mr. H. Spencer on the dawn of. Intemperance, no reproach among savages; its destructiveness. Intoxication in monkeys. Iphias glaucippe. Iris, sexual difference in the colour of the, in birds. Ischio-pubic muscle. Ithaginis cruentus, number of spurs in. Iulus, tarsal suckers of the males of. Jackals learning from dogs to bark. Jack-snipe, coloration of the. Jacquinot, on the number of species of man. Jaeger, Dr., length of bones increased from carrying weights; on the difficulty of approaching herds of wild animals; male Silver-pheasant, rejected when his plumage was spoilt. Jaguars, black. Janson, E.W., on the proportions of the sexes in Tomicus villosus; on stridulant beetles. Japan, encouragement of licentiousness in. Japanese, general beardlessness of the; aversion of the, to whiskers. Jardine, Sir W., on the Argus pheasant. Jarrold, Dr., on modifications of the skull induced by unnatural position. Jarves, Mr., on infanticide in the Sandwich Islands. Javans, relative height of the sexes of; notions of female beauty. Jaw, influence of the muscles of the, upon the physiognomy of the apes. Jaws, smaller proportionately to the extremities; influence of food upon the size of; diminution of, in man; in man, reduced by correlation. Jay, young of the; Canada, young of the. Jays, new mates found by; distinguishing persons. Jeffreys, J. Gwyn, on the form of the shell in the sexes of the Gasteropoda; on the influence of light upon the colours of shells. Jelly-fish, bright colours of some. Jenner, Dr., on the voice of the rook; on the finding of new mates by magpies; on retardation of the generative functions in birds. Jenyns, L., on the desertion of their young by swallows; on male birds singing after the proper season. Jerdon, Dr., on birds dreaming; on the pugnacity of the male bulbul; on the pugnacity of the male Ortygornis gularis; on the spurs of Galloperdix; on the habits of Lobivanellus; on the spoonbill; on the drumming of the Kalij-pheasant; on Indian bustards; on Otis bengalensis; on the ear-tufts of Sypheotides auritus; on the double moults of certain birds; on the moulting of the honeysuckers; on the moulting of bustards, plovers, and drongos; on the spring change of colour in some finches; on display in male birds; on the display of the under-tail coverts by the male bulbul; on the Indian honey-buzzard; on sexual differences in the colour of the eyes of hornbills; on the markings of the Tragopan pheasant; on the nidification of the Orioles; on the nidification of the hornbills; on the Sultan yellow-tit; on Palaeornis javanicus; on the immature plumage of birds; on representative species of birds; on the habits of Turnix; on the continued increase of beauty of the peacock; on coloration in the genus Palaeornis. Jevons, W.S., on the migrations of man. Jews, ancient use of flint tools by the; uniformity of, in various parts of the world; numerical proportion of male and female births among the; ancient, tattooing practised by. Johnstone, Lieut., on the Indian elephant. Jollofs, fine appearance of the. Jones, Albert, proportion of sexes of Lepidoptera, reared by. Juan Fernandez, humming-birds of. Junonia, sexual differences of colouring in species of. Jupiter, comparison with Assyrian effigies. Kaffir skull, occurrence of the diastema in a. Kaffirs, their cruelty to animals; lice of the; colour of the; engrossment of the handsomest women by the chiefs of the; marriage-customs of the. Kalij-pheasant, drumming of the male; young of. Kallima, resemblance of, to a withered leaf. Kulmucks, general beardlessness of; aversion of, to hairs on the face; marriage-customs of the. Kangaroo, great red, sexual difference in the colour of. Kant, Imm., on duty; on self-restraint; on the number of species of man. Katy-did, stridulation of the. Keen, Dr., on the mental powers of snakes. Keller, Dr., on the difficulty of fashioning stone implements. Kent, W.S., elongation of dorsal fin of Callionymus lyra; courtship of Labrus mixtus; colours and courtship of Cantharus lineatus. Kestrels, new mates found by. Kidney, one, doing double work in disease. King, W.R., on the vocal organs of Tetrao cupido; on the drumming of grouse; on the reindeer; on the attraction of male deer by the voice of the female. King and Fitzroy, on the marriage-customs of the Fuegians. King-crows, nidification of. Kingfisher, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a. Kingfishers, colours and nidification of the; immature plumage of the; young of the. King Lory, immature plumage of the. Kingsley, C., on the sounds produced by the Umbrina. Kirby and Spence, on sexual differences in the length of the snout in Curculionidae; on the courtship of insects; on the elytra of Dytiscus; on peculiarities in the legs of male insects; on the relative size of the sexes in insects; on the Fulgoridae; on the habits of the Termites; on difference of colour in the sexes of beetles; on the horns of the male lamellicorn beetles; on hornlike processes in male Curculionidae; on the pugnacity of the male stag-beetle. Kite, killed by a game-cock. Knot, retention of winter plumage by the. Knox, R., on the semilunar fold; on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man; on the features of the young Memmon. Koala, length of the caecum in. Kobus ellipsiprymnus, proportion of the sexes in. Kolreuter, on the sterility of hybrid plants. Koodoo, development of the horns of the; markings of the. Koppen, F.T., on the migratory locust. Koraks, marriage customs of. Kordofan, protuberances artificially produced by natives of. Korte, on the proportion of sexes in locusts; Russian locusts. Kovalevsky, A., on the affinity of the Ascidia to the Vertebrata. Kovalevsky, W., on the pugnacity of the male capercailzie; on the pairing of the capercailzie. Krause, on a convoluted body at the extremity of the tail in a Macacus and a cat. Kupffer, Prof., on the affinity of the Ascidia to the Vertebrata. Labidocera Darwinii, prehensile organs of the male. Labrus, splendid colours of the species of. Labrus mixtus, sexual differences in. Labrus pavo. Lacertilia, sexual differences of. Lafresnaye, M. de, on birds of paradise. Lamarck, on the origin of man. Lamellibranchiata. Lamellicorn beetles, horn-like processes from the head and thorax of; influence of sexual selection on. Lamellicornia, stridulation of. Lamont, Mr., on the tusks of the walrus; on the use of its tusks by the walrus; on the bladder-nose seal. Lampornis porphyrurus, colours of the female. Lampyridae, distasteful to mammals. Lancelet. Landois, H., gnats attracted by sound; on the production of sound by the Cicadae; on the stridulating organ of the crickets; on Decticus; on the stridulating organs of the Acridiidae; stridulating apparatus, in Orthoptera; on the stridulation of Necrophorus; on the stridulant organ of Cerambyx heros; on the stridulant organ of Geotrupes; on the stridulating organs in the Coleoptera; on the ticking of Anobium. Landor, Dr., on remorse for not obeying tribal custom. Language, an art; articulate, origin of; relation of the progress of, to the development of the brain; effects of inheritance in production of; complex structure of, among barbarous nations; natural selection in; gesture; primeval; of a lost tribe preserved by a parrot. Languages, presence of rudiments in; classification of; variability of; crossing or blending of; complexity of, no test of perfection or proof of special creation; resemblance of, evidence of community of origin. Languages and species, identity of evidence of their gradual development. Lanius, characters of young. Lanius rufus, anomalous young of. Lankester, E.R., on comparative longevity; on the destructive effects of intemperance. Lanugo of the human foetus. Lapponian language, highly artificial. Lark, proportion of the sexes in the; female, singing of the. Larks, attracted by a mirror. Lartet, E., comparison of cranial capacities of skulls of recent and tertiary mammals; on the size of the brain in mammals; on Dryopithecus; on pre-historic flutes. Larus, seasonal change of plumage in. Larva, luminous, of a Brazilian beetle. Larynx, muscles of the, in songbirds. Lasiocampa quercus, attraction of males by the female; sexual difference of colour in. Latham, R.G., on the migrations of man. Latooka, perforation of the lower lip by the women of. Laurillard, on the abnormal division of the malar bone in man. Lawrence, W., on the superiority of savages to Europeans in power of sight; on the colour of negro infants; on the fondness of savages for ornaments; on beardless races; on the beauty of the English aristocracy. Layard, E.L., on the instance of rationality in a cobra; on the pugnacity of Gallus Stanleyi. Laycock, Dr., on vital periodicity; theroid nature of idiots. Leaves, autumn, tints useless. Lecky, Mr., on the sense of duty; on suicide; on the practice of celibacy; his view of the crimes of savages; on the gradual rise of morality. Leconte, J.L., on the stridulant organ in the Coprini and Dynastini. Lee, H., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in the trout. Leg, calf of the, artificially modified. Legitimate and illegitimate children, proportion of the sexes in. Legs, variation of the length of the, in man; proportions of, in soldiers and sailors; front, atrophied in some male butterflies; peculiarities of, in male insects. Leguay, on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man. Lek of the black-cock and capercailzie. Lemoine, Albert, on the origin of language. Lemur macaco, sexual difference of colour in. Lemuridae, ears of the; variability of the muscles in the; position and derivation of the; their origin. Lemurs, uterus in the. Lenguas, disfigurement of the ears of the. Leopards, black. Lepidoptera, numerical proportions of the sexes in the; colouring of; ocellated spots of. Lepidosiren. Leptalides, mimicry of. Leptorhynchus angustatus, pugnacity of male. Leptura testacea, difference of colour in the sexes. Leroy, on the wariness of young foxes in hunting-districts; on the desertion of their young by swallows. Leslie, D., marriage customs of Kaffirs. Lesse, valley of the. Lesson, on the birds of paradise; on the sea-elephant. Lessona, M., observations on Serranus. Lethrus cephalotes, pugnacity of the males of. Leuciscus phoxinus. Leuckart, R., on the vesicula prostatica; on the influence of the age of parents on the sex of offspring. Levator claviculae muscle. Libellula depressa, colour of the male. Libellulidae, relative size of the sexes of; difference in the sexes of. Lice of domestic animals and man. Licentiousness a check upon population; prevalence of, among savages. Lichtenstein, on Chera progne. Life, inheritance at corresponding periods of. Light, effects on complexion; influence of, upon the colours of shells. Lilford, Lord, the ruff attracted by bright objects. Limosa lapponica. Linaria. Linaria montana. Lindsay, Dr. W.L., diseases communicated from animals to man; madness in animals; the dog considers his master his God. Linnaeus, views of, as to the position of man. Linnet, numerical proportion of the sexes