The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

quadrumana. Aesthetic faculty, not highly developed in savages. Affection, maternal; manifestation of, by animals; parental and filial, partly the result of natural selection; mutual, of birds; shewn by birds in confinement, for certain persons. Africa, probably the birthplace of man; South, crossed population of; South, retention of colour by the Dutch in; South, proportion of the sexes in the butterflies of; tattooing practised in; Northern, coiffure of natives of. Agassiz, L., on conscience in dogs; on the coincidence of the races of man with zoological provinces; on the number of species of man; on the courtship of the land-snails; on the brightness of the colours of male fishes during the breeding season; on the frontal protuberance of the males of Geophagus and Cichla; male fishes hatching ova in their mouths; sexual differences in colour of chromids; on the slight sexual differences of the South Americans; on the tattooing of the Amazonian Indians. Age, in relation to the transmission of characters in birds; variation in accordance with, in birds. Agelaeus phoeniceus. Ageronia feronia, noise produced by. Agrion, dimorphism in. Agrion Ramburii, sexes of. Agrionidae, difference in the sexes of. Agrotis exclamationis. Ague, tertian, dog suffering from. Ainos, hairiness of the. Aitchison, Mr., on sheep. Aithurus polytmus, young of. Albino birds. Alca torda, young of. Alces palmata. Alder and Hancock, MM., on the nudi-branch mollusca. Allen, J.A., vigour of birds earliest hatched; effect of difference of temperature, light, etc., on birds; colours of birds; on the relative size of the sexes of Callorhinus ursinus; on the name of Otaria jubata; on the pairing of seals; on sexual differences in the colour of bats. Allen, S., on the habits of Hoplopterus; on the plumes of herons; on the vernal moult of Herodius bubulcus. Alligator, courtship of the male; roaring of the male. Amadavat, pugnacity of male. Amadina Lathami, display of plumage by the male. Amadina castanotis, display of plumage by the male. Amazons, butterflies of the; fishes of the. America, variation in the skulls of aborigines of; wide range of aborigines of; lice of the natives of; general beardlessness of the natives of. America, North, butterflies of; Indians of, women a cause of strife among the; Indians of, their notions of female beauty. America, South, character of the natives of; population of parts of; piles of stones in; extinction of the fossil horse of; desert-birds of; slight sexual difference of the aborigines of; prevalence of infanticide in. American languages, often highly artificial. Americans, wide geographical range of; native, variability of; and negroes, difference of; aversion of, to hair on the face. Ammophila, on the jaws of. Ammotragus tragelaphus, hairy forelegs of. Amphibia, affinity of, to the ganoid fishes; vocal organs of the. Amphibians, breeding whilst immature. Amphioxus. Amphipoda, males sexually mature while young. Amunoph III., negro character of, features of. Anal appendages of insects. Analogous variation in the plumage of birds. Anas. Anas acuta, male plumage of. Anas boschas, male plumage of. Anas histrionica. Anas punctata. Anastomus oscitans, sexes and young of; white nuptial plumage of. Anatidae, voices of. Anax junius, differences in the sexes of. Andaman islanders, susceptible to change of climate. Anderson, Dr., on the tail of Macacus brunneus; the Bufo sikimmensis; sounds of Echis carinata. Andreana fulva. Anglo-Saxons, estimation of the beard among the. Animals, domesticated, more fertile than wild; cruelty of savages to; characters common to man and; domestic, change of breeds of. Annelida, colours of. Anobium tessellatum, sounds produced by. Anolis cristatellus, male, crest of; pugnacity of the male; throat-pouch of. Anser canadensis. Anset cygnoides; knob at the base of the beak of. Anser hyperboreus, whiteness of. Antelope, prong-horned, horns of. Antelopes, generally polygamous; horns of; canine teeth of some male; use of horns of; dorsal crests in; dewlaps of; winter change of two species of; peculiar markings of. Antennae, furnished with cushions in the male of Penthe. Anthidium manicatum, large male of. Anthocharis cardamines; sexual difference of colour in. Anthocharis genutia. Anthocharis sara. Anthophora acervorum, large male of. Anthophora retusa, difference of the sexes in. Anthropidae. Anthus, moulting of. Antics of birds. Antigua, Dr. Nicholson’s observations on yellow fever in. Antilocapra americana, horns of. Antilope bezoartica, horned females of; sexual difference in the colour of. Antilope Dorcas and euchore. Antilope euchore, horns of. Antilope montana, rudimentary canines in the young male of. Antilope niger, sing-sing, caama, and gorgon, sexual differences in the colours of. Antilope oreas, horns of. Antilope saiga, polygamous habits of. Antilope strepsiceros, horns of. Antilope subgutturosa, absence of suborbital pits in. Antipathy, shewn by birds in confinement, to certain persons. Ants, large size of the cerebral ganglia in; soldier, large jaws of; playing together; memory in; intercommunication of, by means of the antennae; habits of; difference of the sexes in; recognition of each other by, after separation. Ants White, habits of. Anura. Apatania muliebris, male unknown. Apathus, difference of the sexes in. Apatura Iris. Apes, difference of the young, from the adult; semi-erect attitude of some; mastoid processes of; influences of the jaw-muscles on the physiognomy of; female, destitute of large canines; building platforms; imitative faculties of; anthropomorphous; probable speedy extermination of the; Gratiolet on the evolution of; canine teeth of male; females of some, less hairy beneath than the males. Apes, long-armed, their mode of progression. Aphasia, Dr. Bateman on. Apis mellifica, large male of. Apollo, Greek statues of. Apoplexy in Cebus Azarae. Appendages, anal, of insects. Approbation, influence of the love of. Aprosmictus scapulatus. Apus, proportion of sexes. Aquatic birds, frequency of white plumage in. Aquila chrysaetos. Arab women, elaborate and peculiar coiffure of. Arabs, fertility of crosses with other races; gashing of cheeks and temples among the. Arachnida. Arakhan, artificial widening of the forehead by the natives of. Arboricola, young of. Archeopteryx. Arctiidae, coloration of the. Ardea asha, rufescens, and coerulea, change of colour in. Ardea coerulea, breeding in immature plumage. Ardea gularis, change of plumage in. Ardea herodias, love-gestures of the male. Ardea ludoviciana, age of mature plumage in; continued growth of crest and plumes in the male of. Ardea nycticorax, cries of. Ardeola, young of. Ardetta, changes of plumage in. Argenteuil. Argus pheasant, display of plumage by the male; ocellated spots of the; gradation of characters in the. Argyll, Duke of, on the physical weakness of man; the fashioning of implements peculiar to man; on the contest in man between right and wrong; on the primitive civilisation of man; on the plumage of the male Argus pheasant; on Urosticte Benjamini; on the nests of birds. Argynnis, colouring of the lower surface of. Aricoris epitus, sexual differences in the wings of. Aristocracy, increased beauty of the. Arms, proportions of, in soldiers and sailors; direction of the hair on the. Arms and hands, free use of, indirectly correlated with diminution of canines. Arrest of development. Arrow-heads, stone, general resemblance of. Arrows, use of. Arteries, variations in the course of the. Artery, effect of tying, upon the lateral channels. Arthropoda. Arts practised by savages. Ascension, coloured incrustation on the rocks of. Ascidia, affinity of the lancelet to; tad-pole like larvae of. Ascidians, bright colours of some. Asinus, Asiatic and African species of. Asinus taeniopus. Ass, colour-variations of the. Ateles, effects of brandy on an; absence of the thumb in. Ateles beelzebuth, ears of. Ateles marginatus, colour of the ruff of; hair on the head of. Ateuchus cicatricosus, habits of. Ateuchus, stridulation of. Athalia, proportions of the sexes in. Atropus pulsatorius. Attention, manifestations of, in animals. Audouin, V., on a hymenopterous parasite with a sedentary male. Audubon, J.J., on the pinioned goose; on the speculum of Mergus cucullatus; on the pugnacity of male birds; on courtship of Caprimulgus; on Tetrao cupido; on Ardea nycticorax; on Sturnella ludoviciana; on the vocal organs of Tetra cupido; on the drumming of the male Tetrao umbellus; on sounds produced by the nightjar; on Ardea herodias and Cathartes jota; on Mimus polyglottus; on display in male birds; on the spring change of colour in some finches; on migration of mocking thrushes; recognition of a dog by a turkey; selection of mate by female birds; on the turkey; on variation in the male scarlet tanager; on the musk-rat; on the habits of Pyranga aestiva; on local differences in the nests of the same species of birds; on the habits of woodpeckers; on Bombycilla carolinensis; on young females of Pyranga aestiva acquiring male characters; on the immature plumage of thrushes; on the immature plumage of birds; on birds breeding in immature plumage; on the growth of the crest and plume in the male Ardea ludoviciana; on the change of colour in some species of Ardea. Audobon and Bachman, MM., on squirrels fighting; on the Canadian lynx. Aughey, Prof., on rattlesnakes. Austen, N.L., on Anolis cristatellus. Australia, not the birthplace of man; half-castes killed by the natives of; lice of the natives of. Australia, South, variation in the skulls of aborigines of. Australians, colour of new-born children of; relative height of the sexes of; women a cause of war among the. Axis deer, sexual difference in the colour of the. Aymaras, measurements of the; no grey hair among the; hairlessness of the face in the; long hair of the. Azara, on the proportion of men and women among the Guaranys; on Palamedea cornuta; on the beards of the Guaranys; on strife for women among the Guanas; on infanticide; on the eradication of the eyebrows and eyelashes by the Indians of Paraguay; on polyandry among the Guanas; celibacy unknown among the savages of South America; on the freedom of divorce among the Charruas. Babbage C., on the greater proportion of illegitimate female births. Babirusa, tusks of the. Baboon, revenge in a; rage excited in, by reading; manifestation of memory by a; employing a mat for shelter against the sun; protected from punishment by its companions. Baboon, Cape, mane of the male; Hamadryas, mane of the male. Baboon, effects of intoxicating liquors on; ears of; diversity of the mental faculties in; hands of; habits of; variability of the tail in; manifestation of maternal affection by; using stones and sticks as weapons; co-operation of; silence of, on plundering expeditions; apparent polygamy of; polygamous and social habits of. Baboons, courtship of. Bachman, Dr., on the fertility of mulattoes. Baer, K.E. von, on embryonic development; definition of advancement in the organic scale. Bagehot, W., on the social virtues among primitive men; slavery formerly beneficial; on the value of obedience; on human progress; on the persistence of savage tribes in classical times. Bailly, E.M., on the mode of fighting of the Italian buffalo; on the fighting of stags. Bain, A., on the sense of duty; aid springing from sympathy; on the basis of sympathy; on the love of approbation etc.; on the idea of beauty. Baird, W., on a difference in colour between the males and females of some Entozoa. Baker, Mr., observation on the proportion of the sexes in pheasant-chicks. Baker, Sir S., on the fondness of the Arabs for discordant music; on sexual difference in the colours of an antelope; on the elephant and rhinoceros attacking white or grey horses; on the disfigurements practised by the negroes; on the gashing of the cheeks and temples practised in Arab countries; on the coiffure of the North Africans; on the perforation of the lower lip by the women of Latooka; on the distinctive characters of the coiffure of central African tribes; on the coiffure of Arab women. “Balz” of the Black-cock. Bantam, Sebright. Banteng, horns of; sexual differences in the colours of the. Banyai, colour of the. Barbarism, primitive, of civilised nations. Barbs, filamentous, of the feathers, in certain birds. Barr, Mr., on sexual preference in dogs. Barrago, F., on the Simian resemblances of man. Barrington, Daines, on the language of birds; on the clucking of the hen; on the object of the song of birds; on the singing of female birds; on birds acquiring the songs of other birds; on the muscles of the larynx in song-birds; on the want of the power of song by female birds. Barrow, on the