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Section 1 of 7
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Page 9 of 11
FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
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Chapter 1 — FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
Central question
How does Richard Greenow’s life become a farce of identity and ambition?
Main argument
The story treats Greenow’s social existence as comic...
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Section 1 of 7
Chapter 1 — FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
Central question
How does Richard Greenow’s life become a farce of identity and ambition?
Main argument
The story treats Greenow’s social existence as comic biography: a person made legible through mismatch between how he appears and how he is read. Huxley uses the “history” form to undercut the dignity of the subject. The result is a satire of self-importance and social narration.
Key ideas
Biography becomes comedy.
Identity is unstable under social scrutiny.
The title itself signals mock-serious treatment.
Key takeaway
Greenow’s life is presented as a joke about the stories people tell about themselves.
young they had recognized in him a fit object for abuse and
lapidation .
An outcast member of another class ,
from whom that class
in casting him out had withdrawn its protection ,
an alien in speech
and habit ,
a criminal ,
as their zealous schoolmaster lost no
opportunity of reminding them ,
guilty of the blackest treason against
God and man --
he was the obviously predestined victim of childish
persecution .
When stones began to fly ,
and dung and precocious
obscenity ,
he bowed his head and pretended not to notice that anything
unusual was happening .
It was difficult ,
however ,
to look quite
dignified .
There were occasional short alleviations to the dreariness of his
existence .
One day ,
when he was engaged in his usual occupation of
manuring ,
a familiar figure suddenly appeared along the footpath
through the field .
It was Mrs . Cravister.
She was evidently staying at
the big house ;
one of the Manorial
dachshunds preceded her .
He took
off his cap .
"
Mr . Greenow!"
she exclaimed ,
coming to a halt . "
Ah ,
what a pleasure
to see you again !
Working on the land :
so Tolstoyan.
But I trust it
doesn't affect your æsthetic ideas in the same way as it did his .
Fifty peasants singing together is music ;
but Bach's
chromatic
fantasia is mere gibbering incomprehensibility ."
"
I don't do this for pleasure ,"
Dick explained . "
It's hard labour ,
meted out to the Conscientious Objector ."
"
Of course ,
of course ,"
said Mrs . Cravister,
raising her hand to
arrest any further explanation . "
I had forgotten .
A conscientious
objector ,
a Bible student .
I remember how passionately devoted you
were ,
even at school ,
to the Bible ."
She closed her eyes and nodded her head several times .
"
On the contrary ----"
Dick began ;
but it was no good .
Mrs . Cravister
had determined that he should be a Bible student and it was no use
gainsaying her .
She cut him short .
"
Dear me ,
the Bible . . . .
What a style !
That alone would prove it to
have been directly inspired .
You remember how Mahomet
appealed to the
beauty of his style as a sign of his divine mission .
Why has nobody
done the same for the Bible ?
It remains for you ,
Mr . Greenow,
to do
so .
You will write a book about it .
How I envy you !"
"
The style is very fine ,"
Dick ventured , "
but don't you think the
matter occasionally leaves something to be desired ?"
"
The matter is nothing ,"
cried Mrs . Cravister,
making a gesture that
seemed to send all meaning flying like a pinch of salt along the
wind --"
nothing at all .
It's the style that counts .
Think of Madame
Bovary."
"
I certainly will ,"
said Dick .
Mrs . Cravister
held out her hand . "
Good-bye .
Yes ,
I certainly envy
you .
I envy you your innocent labour and your incessant study of that
most wonderful of books .
If I were asked ,
Mr . Greenow,
what book I
should take with me to a desert island ,
what single solitary book ,
I
should certainly say the Bible ,
though ,
indeed ,
there are moments when
I think I should choose _Tristram Shandy_.
Good-bye ."
Mrs . Cravister
sailed slowly away .
The little brown basset trotted
ahead ,
straining his leash .
One had the impression of a great ship
being towed into harbour by a diminutive tug .
Dick was cheered by this glimpse of civilization and humanity .
The
unexpected arrival ,
one Saturday afternoon ,
of Millicent
was not quite
such an unmixed pleasure . "
I've come to see how you're getting on ,"
she announced , "
and to put your cottage straight and make you
comfortable ."
"
Very kind of you ,"
said Dick .
He didn't want his cottage put
straight .
Millicent
was in the Ministry of Munitions now ,
controlling three
thousand female clerks with unsurpassed efficiency .
Dick looked at her
curiously ,
as she talked that evening of her doings . "
To think I
should have a sister like that ,"
he said to himself .
She was
terrifying .
"
You do enjoy bullying other people !"
he exclaimed at last . "
You've
found your true vocation .
One sees now how the new world will be
arranged after the war .
The women will continue to do all the
bureaucratic jobs ,
all that entails routine and neatness and
interfering with other people's affairs .
And man ,
it is to be hoped ,
will be left free for the important statesman's business ,
free for
creation and thought .
He will stay at home and give proper education
to the children ,
too .
He is fit to do these things ,
because his mind
is disinterested and detached .
It's an arrangement which will liberate
all man's best energies for their proper uses .
The only flaw I can see
in the system is that you women will be so fiendishly and ruthlessly
tyrannical in your administration ."
"
You can't seriously expect me to argue with you ,"
said Millicent.
"
No ,
please don't .
I am not strong enough .
My dung-carrying
has taken
the edge off all my reasoning powers ."
Millicent
spent the next morning in completely rearranging Dick's
furniture .
By lunch-time every article in the cottage was occupying a
new position .
"
That's much nicer ,"
said Millicent,
surveying her work and seeing
that it was good .
There was a knock at the door .
Dick opened it and was astonished to
find Hyman.
"
I just ran down to see how you were getting on ,"
he explained .
"
I'm getting on very well since my sister rearranged my furniture ,"
said Dick .
He found it pleasing to have an opportunity of exercising
his long unused powers of malicious irony .
This was very mild ,
but
with practice he would soon come on to something more spiteful and
amusing .
Hyman
shook hands with Millicent,
scowling as he did so .
He was
irritated that she was there ;
he wanted to talk with Dick alone .
He
turned his back on her and began addressing Dick .
"
Well ,"
he said , "
I haven't seen you since the fatal day .
How is the
turnip-hoeing?"
"
Pretty beastly ,"
said Dick .
"
Better than doing hard labour in a gaol ,
I suppose ?"
Dick nodded his head wearily ,
foreseeing what must inevitably come .
"
You've escaped that all right ," Hyman
went on .
"
Yes ;
you ought to be thankful ," Millicent
chimed in .
"
I still can't understand why you did it , Greenow.
It was a blow to
me .
I didn't expect it of you ." Hyman
spoke with feeling . "
It was
desertion ;
it was treason ."
"
I agree ,"
said Millicent
judicially . "
He ought to have stuck to his
principles ."
"
He ought to have stuck to what was right ,
oughtn't he ,
Miss Greenow?"
Hyman
turned towards Millicent,
pleased at finding someone who shared
his views .
"
Of course ,"
she replied --"
of course .
I totally disagree with you
about what is right .
But if he believed it right not to fight ,
he
certainly ought to have gone to prison for his belief ."
Dick lit a pipe with an air of nonchalance .
He tried to disguise the
fact that he was feeling extremely uncomfortable under these two pairs
of merciless ,
accusing eyes .
"
To my mind ,
at any rate ,"
said Millicent, "
your position seems quite
illogical and untenable ,
Dick ."
It was a relief to be talked to and not about .
"
I'm sorry about that ,"
said Dick rather huskily --
not a very
intelligent remark ,
but what was there to say ?
"
Of course ,
it's illogical and untenable .
Your sister is quite right ."
Hyman
banged the table .
"
I can't understand what induced you to take it up ----"
"
After you'd said you were going to be one of the absolutes ,"
cried
Hyman,
interrupting and continuing Millicent's
words .
"
Why ?"
said Millicent.
"
Why ,
why ,
why ?" Hyman
echoed .
Dick ,
who had been blowing out smoke at a great rate ,
put down his
pipe .
The taste of the tobacco was making him feel rather sick . "
I
wish you would stop ,"
he said wearily . "
If I gave you the real
reasons ,
you wouldn't believe me .
And I can't invent any others that
would be in the least convincing ."
"
I believe the real reason is that you were afraid of prison ."
Dick leaned back in his chair and shut his eyes .
He did not mind being
insulted now ;
it made no difference . Hyman
and Millicent
were still
talking about him ,
but what they said did not interest him ;
he
scarcely listened .
They went back to London
together in the evening .
"
Very intelligent woman ,
your sister ,"
said Hyman
just before they
were starting . "
Pity she's not on the right side about the war and so
forth ."
Four weeks later Dick received a letter in which Hyman
announced that
he and Millicent
had decided to get married .
"
I am happy to think ,"
Dick wrote in his congratulatory reply , "
that
it was I who brought you together ."
He smiled as he read through the sentence ;
that was what the Christian
martyr might say to the two lions who had scraped acquaintance over
his bones in the amphitheatre .
* * * * *
One warm afternoon in the summer of 1918,
Mr . Hobart,
Clerk to the
Wibley
Town Council ,
was disturbed in the midst of his duties by the
sudden entry into his office of a small dark man ,
dressed in corduroys
and gaiters ,
but not having the air of a genuine agricultural
labourer .
"
What may I do for you ?"
inquired Mr . Hobart.
"
I have come to inquire about my vote ,"
said the stranger .
"
Aren't you already registered ?"
"
Not yet .
You see ,
it isn't long since the Act was passed giving us
the vote ."
Mr . Hobart
stared .
"
I don't quite follow ,"
he said .
"
I may not look it ,"
said the stranger ,
putting his head on one side
and looking arch --"
I may not look it ,
but I will confess to you ,
Mr .--
er --
Mr .--
er ----"
"Hobart."
"
Mr . Hobart,
that I am a woman of over thirty ."
Mr . Hobart
grew visibly paler .
Then ,
assuming a forced smile and
speaking as one speaks to a child or a spoiled animal ,
he said :
"
I see --
I see .
Over thirty ,
dear me ."
He looked at the bell ,
which was over by the fireplace at the other
side of the room ,
and wondered how he should ring it without rousing
the maniac's suspicions .
"
Over thirty ,"
the stranger went on . "
You know my woman's secret .
I am
Miss Pearl Bellairs,
the novelist .
Perhaps you have read some of my
books .
Or are you too busy ?"
"
Oh no ,
I've read several ,"
Mr . Hobart
replied ,
smiling more and more
brightly and speaking in even more coaxing and indulgent tones .
"
Then we're friends already ,
Mr . Hobart.
Anyone who knows my books ,
knows me .
My whole heart is in them .
Now ,
you must tell me all about
my poor little vote .
I shall be very patriotic with it when the time
comes to use it ."
Mr . Hobart
saw his opportunity .
"
Certainly ,
Miss Bellairs,"
he said . "
I will ring for my clerk and
we'll --
er --
we'll take down the details ."
He got up ,
crossed the room ,
and rang the bell with violence .
"
I'll just go and see that he brings the right books ,"
he added ,
and
darted to the door .
Once outside in the passage ,
he mopped his face
and heaved a sigh of relief .
That had been a narrow shave ,
by Jove .
A
loony in the office --dangerous-looking
brute ,
too .
* * * * *
On the following day Dick woke up and found himself in a bare
whitewashed room ,
sparsely furnished with a little iron bed ,
a
washstand ,
a chair ,
and table .
He looked round him in surprise .
Where
had he got to this time ?
He went to the door and tried to open it ;
it
was locked .
An idea entered his mind :
he was in barracks somewhere ;
the Military Authorities must have got hold of him somehow in spite of
his exemption certificate .
Or perhaps Pearl had gone and enlisted .
. . .
He turned next to the window ,
which was barred .
Outside ,
he
could see a courtyard ,
filled ,
not with soldiers ,
as he had expected ,
but a curious motley crew of individuals ,
some men and some women ,
wandering hither and thither with an air of complete aimlessness .
Very
odd ,
he thought --
very odd .
Beyond the courtyard ,
on the farther side
of a phenomenally high wall ,
ran a railway line and beyond it a
village ,
roofed with tile and thatch ,
and a tall church spire
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