The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

Lethrus cephalotes. Fischer, F. Von, on display of brightly coloured parts by monkeys in courtship. Fish, eagerness of male; proportion of the sexes in; sounds produced by. Fishes, kidneys of, represented by Corpora Wolffiana in the human embryo; male, hatching ova in their mouths; receptacles for ova possessed by; relative size of the sexes in; fresh-water, of the tropics; protective resemblances in; change of colour in; nest-building; spawning of; sounds produced by; continued growth of. Flamingo, age of mature plumage. Flexor pollicis longus, similar variation of, in man. Flies, humming of. Flint tools. Flints, difficulty of chipping into form. Florida, Quiscalus major in. Florisuga mellivora. Flounder, coloration of the. Flower, W.H., on the abductor of the fifth metatarsal in apes; on the position of the Seals; on the Pithecia monachu; on the throat-pouch of the male bustard. Fly-catchers, colours and nidification of. Foetus, human, woolly covering of the; arrangement of the hair on. Food, influence of, upon stature. Foot, prehensile power of the, retained in some savages; prehensile, in the early progenitors of man. Foramen, supra-condyloid, exceptional occurrence of in the humerus of man; in the early progenitors of man. Forbes, D., on the Aymara Indians; on local variation of colour in the Quichuas; on the hairlessness of the Aymaras and Quichuas; on the long hair of the Aymaras and Quichaus. Forel, F., on white young swans. Forester, Hon. O.W., on an orphan hawk. Formica rufa, size of the cerebral ganglia in. Fossils, absence of, connecting man with the apes. Fowl, occurrence of spurs in the female; game, early pugnacity of; Polish, early development of cranial peculiarities of; variations in plumage of; examples of correlated development in the; domestic, breeds and sub-breeds of. Fowls, spangled Hamburg; inheritance of changes of plumage by; sexual peculiarities in, transmitted only to the same sex; loss of secondary sexual characters by male; Polish, origin of the crest in; period of inheritance of characters by; cuckoo-; development of the comb in; numerical proportion of the sexes in; courtship of; mongrel, between a black Spanish cock and different hens; pencilled Hamburg, difference of the sexes in; Spanish, sexual differences of the comb in; spurred, in both sexes. Fox, W.D., on some half-tamed wild ducks becoming polygamous, and on polygamy in the guinea-fowl and canary-bird; on the proportion of the sexes in cattle; on the pugnacity of the peacock; on a nuptial assembly of magpies; on the finding of new mates by crows; on partridges living in triplets; on the pairing of a goose with a Chinese gander. Foxes, wariness of young, in hunting districts; black. Fraser, C., on the different colours of the sexes in a species of Squilla. Fraser, G., colours of Thecla. Frere, Hookham, quoting Theognis on selection in mankind. Fringilla cannabina. Fringilla ciris, age of mature plumage in. Fringilla cyanea, age of mature plumage in. Fringilla leucophrys, young of. Fringilla spinus. Fringilla tristis, change of colour in, in spring; young of. Fringillidae, resemblance of the females of distinct species of. Frog, bright coloured and distasteful to birds. Frogs, male; temporary receptacles for ova possessed by; ready to breed before the females; fighting of; vocal organs of. Frontal bone, persistence of the suture in. Fruits, poisonous, avoided by animals. Fuegians, difference of stature among the; power of sight in the; skill of, in stone-throwing; resistance of the, to their severe climate; mental capacity of the; quasi-religious sentiments of the; resemblance of, in mental characters, to Europeans; mode of life of the; aversion of, to hair on the face; said to admire European women. Fulgoridae, songs of the. Fur, whiteness of, in Arctic animals in winter. Fur-bearing animals, acquired sagacity of. Gallicrex, sexual difference in the colour of the irides in. Gallicrex cristatus, pugnacity of male; red carbuncle occurring in the male during the breeding-season. Gallinaceae, frequency of polygamous habits and of sexual differences in the; love-gestures of; decomposed feathers in; stripes of young; comparative sexual differences between the species of; plumage of. Gallinaceous birds, weapons of the male; racket-shaped feathers on the heads of. Gallinula chloropus, pugnacity of the male. Galloperdix, spurs of; development of spurs in the female. Gallophasis, young of. Galls. Gallus bankiva, neck-hackles of. Gallus Stanleyi, pugnacity of the male. Galton, Mr., on hereditary genius; gregariousness and independence in animals; on the struggle between the social and personal impulses; on the effects of natural selection on civilised nations; on the sterility of sole daughters; on the degree of fertility of people of genius; on the early marriages of the poor; on the ancient Greeks; on the Middle Ages; on the progress of the United States; on South African notions of beauty. Gammarus, use of the chelae of. Gammarus marinus. Gannets, white only when mature. Ganoid fishes. Gaour, horns of the. Gap between man and the apes. Gaper, sexes and young of. Gardner, on an example of rationality in a Gelasimus. Garrulus glandarius. Gartner, on sterility of hybrid plants. Gasteropoda, pulmoniferous, courtship of. Gasterosteus, nidification of. Gasterosteus leiurus. Gasterosteus trachurus. Gastrophora, wings of, brightly coloured beneath. Gauchos, want of humanity among the. Gaudry, M., on a fossil monkey. Gavia, seasonal change of plumage in. Geese, clanging noise made by; pairing of different species of; Canada, selection of mates by. Gegenbaur, C., on the number of digits in the Ichthyopterygia; on the hermaphroditism of the remote progenitors of the vertebrata; two types of nipple in mammals. Gelasimus, proportions of the sexes in a species of; use of the enlarged chelae of the male; pugnacity of males of; rational actions of a; difference of colour in the sexes of a species of. Gemmules, dormant in one sex. Genius, hereditary. Genius, fertility of men and women of. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, Isid., on the recognition of women by male quadrumana; on monstrosities; coincidences of arrested development with polydactylism; on animal-like anomalies in the human structure; on the correlation of monstrosities; on the distribution of hair in man and monkeys; on the caudal vertebrae of monkeys; on correlated variability; on the classification of man; on the long hair on the heads of species of Semnopithecus; on the hair in monkeys; on the development of horns in female deer; and F. Cuvier, on the mandrill; on Hylobates. Geographical distribution, as evidence of specific distinctions in man. Geometrae, brightly coloured beneath. Geophagus, frontal protuberance of, male; eggs hatched by the male, in the mouth or branchial cavity. Georgia, change of colour in Germans settled in. Geotrupes, stridulation of. Gerbe, M., on the nest-building of Crenilabus massa and C. Melops. Gerland, Dr., on the prevalence of infanticide; on the extinction of races. Gervais, P., on the hairiness of the gorilla; on the mandrill. Gesture-language. Ghost-moth, sexual difference of colour in the. Giard, M., disputes descent of vertebrates from Ascidians; colour of sponges and Ascidians; musky odour of Sphinx. Gibbon, voice of. Gibbon, Hoolock, nose of. Gibbs, Sir D., on differences of the voice in different races of men. Gill, Dr., male seals larger than females; sexual differences in seals. Giraffe, its mode of using the horns; mute, except in the rutting season. Giraud-Teulon, on the cause of short sight. Glanders, communicable to man from the lower animals. Glands, odoriferous, in mammals. Glareola, double moult in. Glomeris limbata, difference of colour in the sexes of. Glow-worm, female, apterous; luminosity of the. Gnats, dances of; auditory powers of. Gnu, skeletons of, found locked together; sexual differences in colour of the. Goat, male, wild, falling on his horns; male, odour emitted by; male, wild, crest of the; Berbura, mane, dewlap, etc., of the male; Kemas, sexual difference in the colour of the. Goats, sexual differences in the horns of; horns of; mode of fighting of; domestic, sexual differences of, late developed; beards of. Goatsucker, Virginian, pairing of the. Gobies, nidification of. God, want of the idea of, in some races of men. Godron, M., on variability; on difference of stature; on the want of connexion between climate and the colour of the skin; on the colour of the skin; on the colour of infants. Goldfinch, proportion of the sexes in the; sexual differences of the beak in the; courtship of the. Goldfinch, North American, young of. Goldfish. Gomphus, proportions of the sexes in; difference in the sexes of. Gonepteryx Rhamni, sexual difference of colour in. Goodsir, Prof., on the affinity of the lancelet to the ascidians. Goosander, young of. Goose, Antarctic, colours of the. Goose, Canada, pairing with a Bernicle gander. Goose, Chinese, knob on the beak of the. Goose, Egyptian. Goose, Sebastopol, plumage of. Goose, Snow-, whiteness of the. Goose, Spur-winged. Gorilla, semi-erect attitude of the; mastoid processes of the; protecting himself from rain with his hands; manner of sitting; supposed to be a kind of mandrill; polygamy of the; voice of the; cranium of; fighting of male. Gosse, P.H., on the pugnacity of the male Humming-bird. Gosse, M., on the inheritance of artificial modifications of the skull. Gould, B.A., on variation in the length of the legs in man; measurements of American soldiers; on the proportions of the body and capacity of the lungs in different races of men; on the inferior vitality of mulattoes. Gould, J., on migration of swifts; on the arrival of male snipes before the females; on the numerical proportion of the sexes in birds; on Neomorpha Grypus; on the species of Eustephanus; on the Australian musk-duck; on the relative size of the sexes in Briziura lobata and Cincloramphus cruralis; on Lobivanellus lobatus; on habits of Menura Alberti; on the rarity of song in brilliant birds; on Selasphorus platycerus; on the Bower-birds; on the ornamental plumage of the Humming-birds; on the moulting of the ptarmigan; on the display of plumage by the male Humming-birds; on the shyness of adorned male birds; on the decoration of the bowers of Bower-birds; on the decoration of their nest by Humming-birds; on variation in the genus Cynanthus; on the colour of the thighs in a male parrakeet; on Urosticte Benjamini; on the nidification of the Orioles; on obscurely-coloured birds building concealed nests; on trogons and king-fishers; on Australian parrots; on Australian pigeons; on the moulting of the ptarmigan; on the immature plumage of birds; on the Australian species of Turnix; on the young of Aithurus polytmus; on the colours of the bills of toucans; on the relative size of the sexes in the marsupials of Australia; on the colours of the Marsupials. Goureaux, on the stridulation of Mutilla europaea. Gout, sexually transmitted. Graba, on the Pied Ravens of the Feroe Islands; variety of the Guillemot. Gradation of secondary sexual characters in birds. Grallatores, absence of secondary sexual characters in; double moult in some. Grallina, nidification of. Grasshoppers, stridulation of the. Gratiolet, Prof., on the anthropomorphous apes; on the evolution of the anthropomorphous apes; on the difference in the development of the brains of apes and of man. Gray, Asa, on the gradation of species among the Compositae. Gray, J.E., on the caudal vertebrae of monkeys; on the presence of rudiments of horns in the female of Cervulus moschatus; on the horns of goats and sheep; on crests of male antelopes; on the beard of the ibex; on the Berbura goat; on sexual differences in the coloration of Rodents; ornaments of male sloth; on the colours of the Elands; on the Sing-sing antelope; on the colours of goats; on Lemur Macaco; on the hog-deer. “Greatest happiness principle.” Greeks, ancient. Green, A.H., on beavers fighting; on the voice of the beaver. Greenfinch, selected by a female canary. Greg, W.R., on the effects of natural selection on civilised nations; on the early marriages of the poor; on the Ancient Greeks. Grenadiers, Prussian. Greyhounds, numerical proportion of the sexes in; numerical proportion of male and female births in. Grouse, red, monogamous; pugnacity of young male; producing a sound by beating their wings together; duration of courtship of; colours and nidification of. Gruber, Dr., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man; on division of malar bone; stridulation of locust; on ephippiger. Grus americanus,