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Section 1 of 7
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Page 8 of 11
FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
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Chapter 1 — FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
Central question
How does Richard Greenow’s life become a farce of identity and ambition?
Main argument
The story treats Greenow’s social existence as comic...
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Section 1 of 7
Chapter 1 — FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
Central question
How does Richard Greenow’s life become a farce of identity and ambition?
Main argument
The story treats Greenow’s social existence as comic biography: a person made legible through mismatch between how he appears and how he is read. Huxley uses the “history” form to undercut the dignity of the subject. The result is a satire of self-importance and social narration.
Key ideas
Biography becomes comedy.
Identity is unstable under social scrutiny.
The title itself signals mock-serious treatment.
Key takeaway
Greenow’s life is presented as a joke about the stories people tell about themselves.
to say
nothing stupid ,
he refrained from speaking at all .
Miss Gibbs
switched
the conversation on to art .
She admired all the right people .
Dick
told her that he thought Sir Luke Fildes
to be the best modern artist .
But his irritation knew no bounds when he found out a little later
that Mr .
Something had read the poems of Fulke Greville,
Lord Brooke .
He felt inclined to say , "
You may have read them ,
but of course you
can't understand or appreciate them ."
Lower Classes . . .
How clear and splendid were the ideas of right and justice !
If only
one could filter away the contaminating human element . . . .
Reason
compelled him to believe in democracy ,
in internationalism ,
in
revolution ;
morality demanded justice for the oppressed .
But neither
morality nor reason would ever bring him to take pleasure in the
company of democrats or revolutionaries ,
or make him find the
oppressed ,
individually ,
any less antipathetic .
At the end of this nauseating meal ,
Dick was called on to make a
speech .
Rising to his feet ,
he began stammering and hesitating ;
he
felt like an imbecile .
Then suddenly inspiration came .
The great
religious ideas of Justice and Democracy swept like a rushing wind
through his mind ,
purging it of all insignificant human and personal
preferences or dislikes .
He was filled with pentecostal fire .
He spoke
in a white heat of intellectual passion ,
dominating his hearers ,
infecting them with his own high enthusiasm .
He sat down amid cheers .
Miss Gibbs
and Mr . Thingummy
leaned towards him with flushed ,
shining
faces .
"
That was wonderful ,
Mr . Greenow.
I've never heard anything like it ,"
exclaimed Miss Gibbs,
with genuine ,
unflattering enthusiasm .
Mr .
Thing said something poetical about a trumpet-call.
Dick looked
from one to the other with blank and fishy eyes .
So it was for these
creatures he had been speaking !
Good God ! . . .
X
DICK'S life was now a monotonous nightmare .
The same impossible
situation was repeated again and again .
If it were not for the fact
that he knew Pearl Bellairs
to be entirely devoid of humour ,
Dick
might have suspected that she was having a little quiet fun with him ,
so grotesque were the anomalies of his double life .
Grotesque ,
but
dreary ,
intolerably dreary .
Situations which seem ,
in contemplation ,
romantic and adventurous have a habit of proving ,
when actually
experienced ,
as dull and daily as a bank clerk's routine .
When you
read about it ,
a Jekyll
and Hyde
existence sounds delightfully
amusing ;
but when you live through it ,
as Dick found to his cost ,
it
is merely a boring horror .
In due course Dick was called up by the Military Authorities .
He
pleaded conscientious objection .
The date of his appearance before the
Tribunal was fixed .
Dick did not much relish the prospect of being a
Christian martyr ;
it seemed an anachronism .
However ,
it would have to
be done .
He would be an absolutist ;
there would be a little buffeting ,
spitting ,
and scourging ,
followed by an indefinite term of hard
labour .
It was all very unpleasant .
But nothing could be much more
unpleasant than life as he was now living it .
He didn't even mind very
much if they killed him .
Being or not being --
the alternatives left him
equally cold .
The days that preceded his appearance before the Tribunal were busy
days ,
spent in consulting solicitors ,
preparing speeches ,
collecting
witnesses .
"
We'll give you a good run for your money ,"
said Hyman. "
I hope
they'll be feeling a little uncomfortable by the time they have done
with you , Greenow."
"
Not nearly so uncomfortable as I shall be feeling ,"
Dick replied ,
with a slightly melancholy smile .
The South Marylebone
Tribunal sat in a gloomy and fetid chamber in a
police station .
Dick ,
who was extremely sensitive to his surroundings ,
felt his fatigue and nervousness perceptibly increase as he entered
the room .
Five or six pitiable creatures with paralytic mothers or
one-man
businesses were briskly disposed of ,
and then it was Dick's
turn to present himself before his judges .
He looked round the court ,
nodded to Hyman,
smiled at Millicent,
who had so far thawed their
wartime coolness as to come and see him condemned ,
caught other
friendly eyes .
It was as though he were about to be electrocuted .
The
preliminaries passed off ;
he found himself answering questions in a
loud ,
clear voice .
Then the Military Representative began to loom
horribly large .
The Military Representative was a solicitor's clerk
disguised as a lieutenant in the Army Service Corps .
He spoke in an
accent that was more than genteel ;
it was rich ,
noble ,
aristocratic .
Dick tried to remember where he had heard a man speaking like that
before .
He had it now .
Once when he had been at Oxford after term was
over .
He had gone to see the Varieties ,
which come twice nightly and
with cheap seats to the theatre after the undergraduates have
departed .
One of the turns had been a Nut ,
a descendant of the bloods
and Champagne Charlies
of earlier days .
A young man in an alpaca
evening suit and a monocle .
He had danced ,
sung a song ,
spoken some
patter .
Sitting in the front row of the stalls ,
Dick had been able to
see the large ,
swollen ,
tuberculous glands in his neck .
They wobbled
when he danced or sang .
Fascinatingly horrible ,
those glands ;
and the
young man ,
how terribly ,
painfully pathetic . . . .
When the Military
Representative spoke ,
he could hear again that wretched Nut's
rendering of the Eton
and Oxford voice .
It unnerved him .
"
What is your religion ,
Mr . Greenow?"
the Military Representative
asked .
Fascinated ,
Dick looked to see whether he too had tuberculous glands .
The Lieutenant had to repeat his question sharply .
When he was
irritated ,
his voice went back to its more natural nasal twang .
Dick
recovered his presence of mind .
"
I have no religion ,"
he answered .
"
But ,
surely ,
sir ,
you must have some kind of religion ."
"
Well ,
if I must ,
if it's in the Army Regulations ,
you had better put
me down as an Albigensian,
or a Bogomile,
or ,
better still ,
as a
Manichean.
One can't find oneself in this court without possessing a
profound sense of the reality and active existence of a power of evil
equal to ,
if not greater than ,
the power of good ."
"
This is rather irrelevant ,
Mr . Greenow,"
said the Chairman .
"
I apologize ."
Dick bowed to the court .
"
But if ,"
the Military Representative continued --"
if your objection is
not religious ,
may I ask what it is ?"
"
It is based on a belief that all war is wrong ,
and that the
solidarity of the human race can only be achieved in practice by
protesting against war ,
wherever it appears and in whatever form ."
"
Do you disbelieve in force ,
Mr . Greenow?"
"
You might as well ask me if I disbelieve in gravitation .
Of course ,
I
believe in force :
it is a fact ."
"
What would you do if you saw a German
violating your sister ?"
said
the Military Representative ,
putting his deadliest question .
"
Perhaps I had better ask my sister first ,"
Dick replied . "
She is
sitting just behind you in the court ."
The Military Representative was covered with confusion .
He coughed and
blew his nose .
The case dragged on .
Dick made a speech ;
the Military
Representative made a speech ;
the Chairman made a speech .
The
atmosphere of the court-room
grew fouler and fouler .
Dick sickened and
suffocated in the second-hand air .
An immense lassitude took
possession of him ;
he did not care about anything --
about the cause ,
about himself ,
about Hyman
or Millicent
or Pearl Bellairs.
He was just
tired .
Voices buzzed and drawled in his ears --
sometimes his own voice ,
sometimes other people's .
He did not listen to what they said .
He was
tired --
tired of all this idiotic talk ,
tired of the heat and smell .
. . .
* * * * *
Tired of picking up very thistly wheat sheaves and propping them up in
stooks on the yellow stubble .
For that was what ,
suddenly ,
he found
himself doing .
Overhead the sky expanded in endless steppes of
blue-hot
cobalt .
The pungent prickly dust of the dried sheaves plucked
at his nose with imminent sneezes ,
made his eyes smart and water .
In
the distance a reaping-machine
whirred and hummed .
Dick looked blankly
about him ,
wondering where he was .
He was thankful ,
at any rate ,
not
to be in that sweltering court-room;
and it was a mercy ,
too ,
to have
escaped from the odious gentility of the Military Representative's
accent .
And ,
after all ,
there were worse occupations than harvesting .
* * * * *
Gradually ,
and bit by bit ,
Dick pieced together his history .
He had ,
it seemed ,
done a cowardly and treacherous thing :
deserted in the face
of the enemy ,
betrayed his cause .
He had a bitter letter from Hyman.
"
Why couldn't you have stuck it out ?
I thought it was in you .
You've
urged others to go to prison for their beliefs ,
but you get out of it
yourself by sneaking off to a soft alternative service job on a
friend's estate .
You've brought discredit on the whole movement ."
It
was very painful ,
but what could he answer ?
The truth was so
ridiculous that nobody could be expected to swallow it .
And yet the
fact was that he had been as much startled to find himself working at
Crome
as anyone .
It was all Pearl's doing .
He had found in his room a piece of paper covered with the large ,
flamboyant feminine writing which he knew to be Pearl's .
It was
evidently the rough copy of an article on the delights of being a
land-girl:
dewy dawns ,
rosy children's faces ,
quaint cottages ,
mossy
thatch ,
milkmaids ,
healthy exercise .
Pearl was being a land-girl;
but
he could hardly explain the fact to Hyman.
Better not attempt to
answer him .
Dick hated the manual labour of the farm .
It was hard ,
monotonous ,
dirty ,
and depressing .
It inhibited almost completely the functions of
his brain .
He was unable to think about anything at all ;
there was no
opportunity to do anything but feel uncomfortable .
God had not made
him a Caliban
to scatter ordure over fields ,
to pick up ordure from
cattle-yards.
His rôle was Prospero.
"
Ban ,
Ban , Caliban"--
it was to that derisive measure that he pumped
water ,
sawed wood ,
mowed grass ;
it was a march for his slow ,
clotted
feet as he followed the dung-carts
up the winding lanes . "
Ban ,
Ban ,
Caliban--
Ban ,
Ban ,
Ban . . ."
"
Oh ,
that bloody old fool Tolstoy,"
was his profoundest reflection on
a general subject in three months of manual labour and communion with
mother earth .
He hated the work ,
and his fellow-workers
hated him .
They mistrusted
him because they could not understand him ,
taking the silence of his
overpowering shyness for arrogance and the contempt of one class for
another .
Dick longed to become friendly with them .
His chief trouble
was that he did not know what to say .
At meal-times
he would spend
long minutes in cudgelling his brains for some suitable remark to
make .
And even if he thought of something good ,
like --"
It looks as
though it were going to be a good year for roots ,"
he somehow
hesitated to speak ,
feeling that such a remark ,
uttered in his
exquisitely modulated tones ,
would be ,
somehow ,
a little ridiculous .
It was the sort of thing that ought to be said rustically ,
with plenty
of Z's
and long vowels ,
in the manner of William Barnes.
In the end ,
for lack of courage to act the yokel's part ,
he generally remained
silent .
While the others were eating their bread and cheese with
laughter and talk ,
he sat like the skeleton at the feast --
a skeleton
that longed to join in the revelry ,
but had not the power to move its
stony jaws .
On the rare occasions that he actually succeeded in
uttering something ,
the labourers looked at one another in surprise
and alarm ,
as though it were indeed a skeleton that had spoken .
He was not much more popular with the other inhabitants of the
village .
Often ,
in the evenings ,
as he was returning from work ,
the
children would pursue him ,
yelling .
With the unerringly cruel instinct
of the
General
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