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Section 1 of 7
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Page 10 of 11
FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
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Chapter 1 — FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
Central question
How does Richard Greenow’s life become a farce of identity and ambition?
Main argument
The story treats Greenow’s social existence as comic...
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Section 1 of 7
Chapter 1 — FARCICAL HISTORY OF RICHARD GREENOW
Central question
How does Richard Greenow’s life become a farce of identity and ambition?
Main argument
The story treats Greenow’s social existence as comic biography: a person made legible through mismatch between how he appears and how he is read. Huxley uses the “history” form to undercut the dignity of the subject. The result is a satire of self-importance and social narration.
Key ideas
Biography becomes comedy.
Identity is unstable under social scrutiny.
The title itself signals mock-serious treatment.
Key takeaway
Greenow’s life is presented as a joke about the stories people tell about themselves.
in the
midst .
Dick looked carefully at the spire .
Didn't he know it ?
Surely --
yes ,
those imbricated copper plates with which it was covered ,
that gilded ship that served as wind vane ,
the little gargoyles at the
corner of the tower there could be no doubt ;
it was Belbury
church .
Belbury--
that was where the . . .
No ,
no ;
he wouldn't believe it .
But
looking down again into that high-walled
courtyard ,
full of those
queer ,
aimless folk ,
he was forced to admit it .
The County Asylum
stands at Belbury.
He had often noticed it from the train ,
a huge ,
gaunt building of sausage-coloured
brick ,
standing close to the
railway ,
on the opposite side of the line to Belbury
village and
church .
He remembered how ,
the last time he had passed in the train ,
he had wondered what they did in the asylum .
He had regarded it then
as one of those mysterious ,
unapproachable places ,
like Lhassa
or a
Ladies '
Lavatory ,
into which he would never penetrate .
And now ,
here
he was ,
looking out through the bars ,
like any other madman .
It was
all Pearl's doing ,
as usual .
If there had been no bars ,
he would have
thrown himself out of the window .
He sat down on his bed and began to think about what he should do .
He
would have to be very sane and show them by his behaviour and speech
that he was no more mad than the commonalty of mankind .
He would be
extremely dignified about it all .
If a warder or a doctor or somebody
came in to see him ,
he would rise to his feet and say in the calmest
and severest tones : "
May I ask ,
pray ,
why I am detained here and upon
whose authority ?"
That ought to stagger them .
He practised that
sentence ,
and the noble attitude with which he would accompany it ,
for
the best part of an hour .
Then ,
suddenly ,
there was the sound of a key
in the lock .
He hastily sat down again on the bed .
A brisk little man
of about forty ,
clean shaven and with pince-nez ,
stepped into the
room ,
followed by a nurse and a warder in uniform .
The doctor !
Dick's
heart was beating with absurd violence ;
he felt like an amateur actor
at the first performance of an imperfectly rehearsed play .
He rose ,
rather unsteadily ,
to his feet ,
and in a voice that quavered a little
with an emotion he could not suppress ,
began :
"
Pray I ask ,
may . . ."
Then ,
realizing that something had gone wrong ,
he hesitated ,
stammered ,
and came to a pause .
The doctor turned to the nurse .
"
Did you hear that ?"
he asked . "
He called me May .
He seems to think
everybody's a woman ,
not only himself ."
Turning to Dick with a cheerful smile ,
he went on :
"
Sit down ,
Miss Bellairs,
please sit down ."
It was too much .
Dick burst into tears ,
flung himself upon the bed ,
and buried his face in the pillow .
The doctor looked at him as he lay
there sobbing ,
his whole body shaken and convulsed .
"
A bad case ,
I fear ."
And the nurse nodded .
* * * * *
For the next three days Dick refused to eat .
It was certainly
unreasonable ,
but it seemed the only way of making a protest .
On the
fourth day the doctor signed a certificate to the effect that forcible
feeding had become necessary .
Accompanied by two warders and a nurse ,
he entered Dick's room .
"
Now ,
Miss Bellairs,"
he said ,
making a last persuasive appeal , "
do
have a little of this nice soup .
We have come to have lunch with you ."
"
I refuse to eat ,"
said Dick icily , "
as a protest against my unlawful
detention in this place .
I am as sane as any of you here ."
"
Yes ,
yes ."
The doctor's voice was soothing .
He made a sign to the
warders .
One was very large and stout ,
the other wiry ,
thin ,
sinister ,
like the second murderer in a play .
They closed in on Dick .
"
I won't eat and I won't be made to eat !"
Dick cried . "
Let me go !"
he
shouted at the fat warder ,
who had laid a hand on his shoulder .
His
temper was beginning to rise .
"
Now ,
do behave yourself ,"
said the fat warder . "
It ain't a bit of use
kicking up a row .
Now ,
do take a little of this lovely soup ,"
he added
wheedlingly .
"
Let me go !"
Dick screamed again ,
all his self-control gone . "
I will
not let myself be bullied ."
He began to struggle violently .
The fat warder put an arm round his
shoulders ,
as though he were an immense mother comforting an irritable
child .
Dick felt himself helpless ;
the struggle had quite exhausted
him ;
he was weaker than he had any idea of .
He began kicking the fat
man's shins ;
it was the only way he could still show fight .
"
Temper ,
temper ,"
remonstrated the warder ,
more motherly than ever .
The thin warder stooped down ,
slipped a strap round the kicking legs ,
and drew it tight .
Dick could move no more .
His fury found vent in
words --
vain ,
abusive ,
filthy words ,
such as he had not used since he
was a schoolboy .
"
Let me go ,"
he screamed --"
let me go ,
you devils !
You beasts ,
you
swine !
beasts and swine !"
he howled again and again .
They soon had him securely strapped in a chair ,
his head held back
ready for the doctor and his horrible-looking
tubes .
They were pushing
the horrors up his nostrils .
He coughed and choked ,
spat ,
shouted
inarticulately ,
retched .
It was like having a spoon put on your tongue
and being told to say A-a-h,
but worse ;
it was like jumping into the
river and getting water up your nose --
how he had always hated
that !--
only much worse .
It was like almost everything unpleasant ,
only
much ,
much worse than all .
He exhausted himself struggling against his
utterly immovable bonds .
They had to carry him to his bed ,
he was so
weak .
He lay there ,
unmoving --
for he was unable to move --
staring at the
ceiling .
He felt as though he were floating on air ,
unsupported ,
solid
no longer ;
the sensation was not unpleasant .
For that reason he
refused to let his mind dwell upon it ;
he would think of nothing that
was not painful ,
odious ,
horrible .
He thought about the torture which
had just been inflicted on him and of the monstrous injustice of which
he was a victim .
He thought of the millions who had been and were
still being slaughtered in the war ;
he thought of their pain ,
all the
countless separate pains of them ;
pain incommunicable ,
individual ,
beyond the reach of sympathy ;
infinities of pain pent within frail
finite bodies ;
pain without sense or object ,
bringing with it no hope
and no redemption ,
futile ,
unnecessary ,
stupid .
In one supreme
apocalyptic moment he saw ,
he felt the universe in all its horror .
They forcibly fed him again the following morning and again on the day
after .
On the fourth day pneumonia ,
the result of shock ,
complicated
by acute inflammation of the throat and pleura ,
set in .
The fever and
pain gained ground .
Dick had not the strength to resist their ravages ,
and his condition grew hourly worse .
His mind ,
however ,
continued to
work clearly --
too clearly .
It occurred to him that he might very
likely die .
He asked for pencil and paper to be brought him ,
and
putting forth all the little strength he had left ,
he began to make
his testament .
"
I am perfectly sane ,"
he wrote at the top of the page ,
and underlined
the words three times . "
I am confined here by the most intol .
injust ."
As soon as he began ,
he realized how little time and strength were
left him ;
it was a waste to finish the long words . "
They are killing
me for my opins .
I regard this war and all wars as utter bad .
Capitalists '
war .
The devils will be smashed sooner later .
Wish I
could help .
But it won't make any difference ,"
he added on a new line
and as though by an afterthought . "
World will always be hell .
Cap .
or
Lab ., Engl.
or Germ .--
all beasts .
One in a mill .
is GOOD .
I wasn't .
Selfish intellect .
Perhaps Pearl Bellairs
better .
If die ,
send corp .
to hosp .
for anatomy .
Useful for once in my life !"
Quite suddenly ,
he lapsed into delirium .
The clear lucidity of his
mind became troubled .
The real world disappeared from before his eyes ,
and in its place he saw a succession of bright ,
unsteady visions
created by his sick fantasy .
Scenes from his childhood ,
long
forgotten ,
bubbled up and disappeared .
Unknown ,
hideous faces crowded
in upon him ;
old friends revisited him .
He was living in a bewildering
mixture of the familiar and the strange .
And all the while ,
across
this changing unsubstantial world ,
there hurried a continual ,
interminable procession of dromedaries --
countless high-domed
beasts ,
with gargoyle faces and stiff legs and necks that bobbed as though on
springs .
Do what he could ,
he was unable to drive them away .
He lost
his temper with the brutes at last ,
struck at them ,
shouted ;
but in
vain .
The room rang with his cries of , "
Get away ,
you beasts .
Bloody
humps .
None of your nonconformist faces here ."
And while he was
yelling and gesticulating (
with his left hand only ),
his right hand
was still busily engaged in writing .
The words were clear and legible ;
the sentences consecutive and eminently sane .
Dick might rave ,
but
Pearl Bellairs
remained calm and in full possession of her deplorable
faculties .
And what was Pearl doing with her busy pencil ,
while Dick ,
like a frenzied Betsy Trotwood,
shouted at the trespassing camels ?
The
first thing she did was to scratch out all that poor Dick had said
about the war .
Underneath it she wrote :
"
We shall not sheathe the sword ,
which we have not lightly . . ."
And
then ,
evidently finding that memorable sentence too long ,
particularly
so since the addition of Poland
and Czecho-Slovakia
to the list of
Allies ,
she began again .
"
We are fighting for honour and the defence of Small Nationalities .
Plucky little Belgium!
We went into the war with clean hands ."
A little of Pearl's thought seemed at this moment to have slopped over
into Dick's mind ;
for he suddenly stopped abusing his dromedaries and
began to cry out in the most pitiable fashion , "
Clean hands ,
clean
hands !
I can't get mine clean .
I can't ,
I can't ,
I can't .
I
contaminate everything ."
And he kept rubbing his left hand against the
bed-clothes and putting his fingers to his nose ,
only to exclaim ,
"
Ugh ,
they still stink of goat !"
and then to start rubbing again .
The right hand wrote on unperturbed . "
No peace with the Hun until he
is crushed and humiliated . Self-respecting Britons
will refuse to
shake a Hunnish
hand for many a long year after the war .
No more
German
waiters .
Intern the Forty-Seven
Thousand Hidden Hands in High
Places !"
At this point ,
Pearl seemed to have been struck by a new idea .
She
took a clean page and began :
"
To the Girls of England.
I am a woman and proud of the fact .
But ,
girls ,
I blushed for my sex to-day when I read in the papers that
there had been cases of English girls talking to Hun prisoners ,
and
not only talking to them ,
but allowing themselves to be kissed by
them .
Imagine !
Clean ,
healthy British girls allowing themselves to be
kissed by the swinish and bloodstained lips of the unspeakable Hun !
Do
you wonder that I blush for my sex ?
Stands England
where she did ?
No ,
emphatically no ,
if these stories are true ,
and true --
sadly and with a
heavy bleeding heart do I admit it --
true they are ."
"
Clean hands ,
clean hands ,"
Dick was still muttering ,
and applying his
ringers to his nose once more , "
Christ ,"
he cried , "
how they stink !
Goats ,
dung . . ."
"
Is there any excuse for such conduct ?"
the pencil continued . "
The
most that can be said in palliation of the offence is that girls are
thoughtless ,
that they do not consider the full significance of
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